Name: ______Block: ______Date: ______

Guided notes

Biological Molecules Crash Course

Video:

  1. What are the four ingredients for life?(carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)
  2. Which three are we focusing on?(first three)
  3. All organisms must either ______(meaning make) or ______(meaning eat) the “ingredients” in order to live. (synthesize; ingest)
  4. Most basic ingredient for life: ______(carbs)
  5. Carbohydrates sre made up of ______(sugars) and the simplest form are called ______saccharides(mono)
  6. What is the fundamental sugarof life? ______(glucose)
  7. All biologic energy is originally captured from the sun by plants as ______. (glucose)
  8. Sucrose is a ______saccharide, meaning it is ______monosaccharides put together.(di; two)
  9. When lots, potentially thousands of monosaccharide are put together, they are called ______saccharides, which instead of being used for INSTANT energy use, they are used as ______molecules. (poly; storage)
  10. The most common organic compound on the planet, made of many glucose molecules together, is called ______(cellulose) Can humans digest it? (no)
  11. Plants store glucose in the form of ______(starch)which is stored as different forms such as ______, ______, and ______. (roots/tubers, flesh of fruit, starchy seeds)
  12. Flour is made from milling (grinding) the starchy seeds of the ______plant. (wheat)
  13. Ground-up ______(which are the seeds of the wheat plant) is the main ingredient of wheat bread. The grain is made from many ______molecules connected together, which is why grain (and the resulting bread) contains so much energy. (grain; glucose)
  14. Humans store energy (leftover glucose) in the body as ______(glycogen). It gets stored in our ______& ______but if we do not eat for ______day, the storage will be depleted. (muscles, liver; 1)
  15. Humans main method of storing energy is though ______. (fat)
  16. Fats are part of a larger group of biological molecules called ______. (Lipids)
  17. They are unable to dissolve in ______, (Water)This is why oil and water do not mix.
  18. Triglycerides (3 ______acids combined with a ______) are found in things like ______.

(fatty; glycerol; butter, peanut butter, oils, white meat)

  1. In reference to the peanut butter jar… the liquid portion at the top is ______fat (unsaturated), which we think of as ______. (oil) The non-liquid, pasty portion is made of more ______fats, which does not have double bonds so it can pack more tightly and form a solid.
  2. You should not eat ______fats (trans) because they are straight, non-kinked version of ______fatty acids (unsaturated) and are bad for your body.
  3. Omega-______fatty acids are important because they are ______fatty acids, meaning we have to eat them to get them.(3; essential)
  4. Phospholipids align to form a cell ______. (membranes)
  5. The most complicated and powerful chemical compounds are called ______. (proteins)
  6. Name three types: ______(enzymes, antibodies, endorphins)
  7. There are ______amino acids, which are the ingredients for proteins(20)
  8. Amino acids combine to create ______peptides, which fold to create proteins(poly)
  9. There are ______amino acids that we cannot make, so we must ______them. (9; eat)
  10. What are the six elements of life? (Not in video, you should remember CHNOPS!)
  11. Which of these elements are found in energy storage molecules? (circle them above) (CHNO)
    (HINT: Go to back 12:05 in video)
  12. What is the molecular formula for glucose? ______
    (HINT: Go back to 4:30 in video) (C6H12O6)