Biogeography of Atlantic and Mediterranean Ascidians. Moreno, T. R., Faria, S. B., Rocha

journal: Marine Biology

Biogeography of Atlantic and Mediterranean ascidians. Moreno, T. R., Faria, S. B., Rocha, R.M. (correspondence author)

Universidade Federal do Paraná –

Online Resource 3. Counts of ascidians in 5o bands of latitude for the West and East Atlantic Ocean and 5o bands of longitude for the Mediterranean, including grow type, dominant families and exclusive species. /
Latitude/
Longitude / N Colonial (%) / N Solitary (%) / Species/Family / Dominant families
(% of species) / Exclusive species N (%) / Exclusive species /
West Atlantic
85o - 81oN / 00 (00) / 03 (100) / 03/02 / Styelidae (67) / 0 / -
80o - 76oN / 00 (00) / 00 (00) / 00/00 / - / 0 / -
75o - 71oN / 01 (14) / 06 (86) / 07/04 / Styelidae (43), Didemnidae (29) / 0 / -
70o - 66oN / 08 (35) / 15 (65) / 23/09 / Styelidae (39), Molgulidae (17) / 0 / -
65o – 61oN / 10 (43) / 13 (57) / 23/09 / Styelidae (35), Didemnidae (13), Polyclinidae (13) / 2 (9) / Clavelina concrescens, Lissoclinum wandeli
60o - 56oN / 06 (67) / 03 (33) / 09/06 / Styelidae (44) / 0 / -
55o - 51oN / 04 (21) / 15 (79) / 19/07 / Styelidae (32)
Ascidiidae/Molgulidae/Pyuridae (16) / 0 / -
50o - 46oN / 07 (23) / 24 (77) / 31/09 / Styelidae (36), Molgulidae (26) / 0 / -
45o - 41oN / 19 (37) / 32 (63) / 51/10 / Styelidae (25), Molgulidae (20) / 2 (4) / Didemnum vexillum, Molgula robusta
40o - 36oN / 07 (37) / 12 (63) / 19/07 / Molgulidae (26)
Styelidae (26), Didemnidae (21) / 3 (16) / Molgula verrilli, Polycarpa albatrossi, Styela atlantica
35o - 31oN / 41 (80) / 10 (20) / 51/11 / Styelidae (27), Polyclinidae (15) / 4 (8) / Aplidium ruzickai, Molgula davidi, Polyzoa atlantica, Pseudodistoma saxicavum
30o - 26oN / 37 (76) / 12 (24) / 49/12 / Styelidae (22), Didemnidae (18), Polycitoridae (14) / 0 / -
25o - 21oN / 41 (67) / 20 (33) / 61/13 / Styelidae (25), Didemnidae (13), Polycitoridae/ Perophoridae (12) / 3 (5) / Eusynstyela gravei, Molgula habanensis, Symplegma viride stolonica
20o - 16oN / 71 (74) / 25 (26) / 96/14 / Didemnidae (27), Styelidae (20) / 19 (20) / Ascidia xamaycana, Didemnum calliginosum, D. halimedae, D. inauratum, Diplosoma virens, Distaplia crassa, Euherdmania fasciculata, E. morgani, Eusynstyela ordinata, Leptoclinides torosus, Perophora carpenteria, Phallusia caguayensis, Polycarpa multiplicata, Polysyncraton louminae, Pycnoclavella belizeana, Pyura antillarum, Tibitin halimedae, Trididemnum cyanophorum, T. hians
15o - 11oN / 35 (67) / 17 (33) / 52/12 / Styelidae (23)
Didemnidae (19), Perophoridae (12) / 0 / -
10o – 06oN / 36 (61) / 23 (39) / 59/14 / Didemnidae (20), Styelidae (15), Ascidiidae (16) / 8 (14) / Aplidium funginum, Ascidia bocatorensis, A. collini, A. corallicola, A. incrassata, A. monnioti, A. panamensis, Phallusia fragilis
05o – 00oN / 15 (79) / 04 (21) / 19/09 / Polycitoridae (32), Styelidae (21) / 2 (10) / Diazona geayi, Eudistoma spiculiferum
00o – 05oS / 26 (74) / 09 (26) / 35/13 / Styelidae (23), Didemnidae (20), Polycitoridae (14) / 2 (6) / Aplidium multisulcatum, A. traustedti
06o – 10oS / 16 (70) / 07 (30) / 23/09 / Didemnidae (26), Styelidae (22), Polycitoridae (17) / 0 / -
11o – 15oS / 22 (65) / 12 (35) / 34/10 / Didemnidae (26), Styelidae (24), Ascidiidae (15) / 6 (18) / Ascidia papillata, Leptoclinides brasiliensis, Molgula salvatori, Monandrocarpa stolonifera, Polyandrocarpa pilella, Polycarpa foresti
16o – 20oS / 13 (72) / 5 (28) / 18/09 / Styelidae (33), Didemnidae (28) / 1 (6) / Agnesia celtica
21o – 25oS / 44 (72) / 17 (28) / 61/11 / Didemnidae (26),Styelidae (18)
Molgulidae (13) / 7 (11) / Ascidia santosi, D. tetrahedrum, D. galacteum, Gamaster guillei, Molgula braziliensis, Polyclinum molle, Pyura millari
26o – 30oS / 24 (89) / 3 (11) / 27/09 / Didemnidae (44), Styelidae (18) / 1 (4) / Polycarpa itapoa
31o – 35oS / 01 (100) / 0 (0) / 1/01 / Didemnidae (100) / 0 / -
36o – 40oS / 09 (39) / 14 (61) / 23/09 / Styelidae (26), Molgulidae (17), Polyclinidae (17) / 7 (30) / Aplidium effrenatum, Cnemidocarpa calypso, Coelocormus huxleyi, Eudistoma platense, Hypobythius moseleyi, Styela schmitti, Synoicum molle
41o - 45oS / 07 (54) / 06 (46) / 13/07 / Styelidae/Molgulidae/Polyclinidae (23) / 0 / -
46o - 50oS / 08 (61) / 05 (39) / 13/05 / Polyclinidae (31), Styelidae/Molgulidae (23) / 0 / -
51o - 55oS / 29 (54) / 25 (46) / 54/10 / Styelidae (20), Polyclinidae (20) Molgulidae (17) / 13 (24) / Alloeocarpa bridgesi, A. incrustans, Aplidium irregulare, A. millari, Ascidia translucida, Cnemidocarpa ohlini, Gynandrocarpa placenta, Morchellium giardi, Polycitor magalhaensis, Pyura paessleri, Styela magalhaensis, S. paessleri, Sycozoa gaimardi, S. georgiana
56o - 60oS / 08 (50) / 08 (50) / 16/10 / Polyclinidae (25), Pyuridae (19) / 1 (6) / Tylobranchion speciosum
61o - 65oS / 21 (54) / 18 (46) / 39/12 / Polyclinidae (38), Styelidae/Molgulidae (15) / 12 (31) / Aplidium cyaneum, A. imbutum, A. loricatum, A. ordinatum, Dicarpa insinuosa, Fungulus antarcticus, Pharyngodictyon reductum, Pyura obesa, P. setosa, Synoicum triplex, S. pererratum, Molgula confluxa
66o - 70oS / 11 (52) / 10 (48) / 21/09 / Styelidae (24), Polyclinidae/Molgulidae (19) / 0 / -
71o - 75oS / 08 (47) / 09 (53) / 17/10 / Molgulidae (24), Polyclinidae (18) / 0 / -
East Atlantic
80o - 76oN / 16 (35) / 30 (65) / 46/10 / Styelidae (28), Molgulidae (17), Polyclinidae (15) / 4 (9) / Cnemidocarpa clipeata, Corellopsis pedunculata, Molgula romeri, Styela uniplicata
75o - 71oN / 11 (33) / 22 (67) / 33/9 / Styelidae (27), Molgulidae (18), Polyclinidae (15) / 0 / -
70o - 66oN / 19 (35) / 35 (65) / 54/12 / Styelidae (29), Molgulidae (19), Polyclinidae (15) / 0 / -
65o - 61oN / 17 (35) / 32 (65) / 49/12 / Styelidae (26) Molgulidae/Polyclinidae (14) / 1 (2) / Rhopalaea nordgaardi
60o - 56oN / 21 (32) / 44 (68) / 65/12 / Styelidae (29), Molgulidae (14), Ascidiidae/Polyclinidae (12) / 5 (8) / Dextrogaster suecica, Molgula kiaeri, Polycarpa aernbaeckae, Protostyela heterobranchia, Styela theeli
55o - 51oN / 18 (40) / 27 (60) / 45/12 / Styelidae (24)
Polyclinidae (18), Molgulidae/Pyuridae (13) / 0 / -
50o - 46oN / 47 (51) / 45 (49) / 92/14 / Styelidae (23), Didemnidae (20), Polyclinidae (14) / 6 (7) / Didemnum perspicuum, Lissoclinum brachiatus, Polycitor searli, Pycnoclavella producta, Synoicum beauchampi, Trididemnum translucidum
45o - 41oN / 28 (49) / 29 (51) / 57/10 / Didemnidae (25)
Styelidae (20), Polyclinidae (17), Molgulidae (16) / 5 (9) / Aplidium urgorrii, Cratostigma intermedia, Diplosoma lafargueae, Eudistoma roseum, Pycnoclavella atlantica
40o - 36oN / 42 (62) / 26 (38) / 68/15 / Polyclinidae (24), Styelidae (22)
Ascidiidae/Didemnidae (10) / 10 (15) / Alloeocarpa loculosa, Aplidiopsis atlanticus, Aplidium sagresensis, Ascidia molguloides, Cystodytes planus, Lissoclinum rubrum, Microcosmus hernius, Molgula plana, Sycozoa melopepona, Tylobranchion nordgaardi
35o - 31oN / 05 (25) / 15 (75) / 20/08 / Styelidae (52) / 1 (5) / Trididemnum alleni
30o - 26oN / 03 (100) / 0 (0) / 03/02 / Didemnidae (67) / 0 / -
25o - 21oN / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / 0/0 / - / 0 / -
20o - 16oN / 17 (63) / 10 (37) / 27/08 / Polyclinidae (36)
Styelidae (14), Pyuridae (14) / 6 (22) / Polyclinum maeandrium, P. reticulatum, Stolonica conglutinata, Synoicum diligens, S. durum, S. recedens
15o - 11oN / 50 (60) / 33 (40) / 83/11 / Polycitoridae (18), Styelidae/Didemnidae (14),
Pyuridae (13) / 18 (22) / Aplidium dakarense, A. marchei, Ascidia prona, Cystodytes denudatus, C. senegalense, Eudistoma almadiense, E. ifani, E. paesslerioides, Euherdmania claviformis, E. rodei, Microcosmus senegalensis, Molgula hupferi, Polycarpa longitubis, P. sourieri, Polysyncraton reedi, Pseudodistoma brieni, P. cereum, Synoicum senegalense
10o - 06oN / 10 (50) / 10 (50) / 20/8 / Molgulidae (20), Ascidiidae/Perophoridae/Polycitoridae/Styelidae (15) / 2 (10) / Gamaster peresi, Molgula dolichentera
05o - 01oN / 15 (60) / 10 (40) / 25/10 / Styelidae/Didemnidae (20), Polycitoridae (16) / 7 (28) / Alloeocarpa aequatorialis, Ascidia achimotae, Polycarpa distomaphila, P. quadricarpa, Pycnoclavella minuta, Styela aequatorialis, Trididemnum meridionale
0o / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / - / 0 / -
01-05o S / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / - / 0 / -
06-10o S / 02 (67) / 01 (33) / 3/3 / - / 0 / -
11-15o S / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / - / 0 / -
16-20o S / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / - / 0 / -
21-25o S / 1 (100) / 0 (0) / 1/1 / - / 0 / -
26-30o S / 8 (67) / 4 (33) / 12/05 / Polyclinidae (42), Didemnidae (25) / 1 (8) / Lissoclinum cavum
31-35o S / 28 (74) / 10 (26) / 38/13 / Polyclinidae (29), Styelidae (16) / 20 (53) / Aplidium circulatum, A. erythraeum, A. unilarviferum, A. vemense, Clavelina steenbrasensis, Dextrocarpa solitaris, Didemnum stilense, Distaplia capensis, D. skoogi, Eudistoma illotum, E. renieri, Microcosmus oligophyllus, Molgula falsensis, Polyandrocarpa placenta, Polyclinum neptunium, Pseudodistoma africanum, P. michaelseni, Styela angularis, Synoicum atlanticum, S. australe
36-40o S / 02 (50) / 02 (50) / 04/04 / - / 3 (75) / Aplidium cunhense, Molgula antiborealis, Polyzoa insularis
41-45o S / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / 0/0 / - / 0 / -
46-50o S / 0 (0) / 0 (0) / 0/0 / - / 0 / -
51-55o S / 0 (0) / 01 (10 / -
Mediterranean Sea
05o W- 0o / 51 (50) / 51 (50) / 102/14 / Styelidae (19), Polyclinidae (17),
Didemnidae (14), Pyuridae (13) / 5 (5) / Aplidium inversum, Ascidia correi, Molgula vara, Seriocarpa rhizoides, Trididemnum pedunculatum
01o - 05o E / 86 (61) / 56 (39) / 142/14 / Didemnidae (22), Polyclinidae (17), Pyuridae (13) / 22 (15) / Aplidiopsis vitreum, Aplidium brementi, Aplidium gelatinosum, Ascidia archaia, Clavelina gemmae, Cratostigma campoyi, C. gravellophila, C. regularis, Didemnum helgolandicum, D. inaequilobatum, Eudistoma posidonarium, Heterostigma fagei, Molgula tethys, Psammostyela delamarei, Pseudodistoma crucigaster, Pycnoclavella brava, P. communis, Pyura corallina, Sidneioides ivicense, Synoicum lacazei, Trididemnum duci, T. brementi
06o - 10o E / 50 (74) / 18 (26) / 68/13 / Didemnidae (32), Polyclinidae (16) / 3 (4) / Aplidium polytrema, Synoicum calypsonis, Tibitin probatus
11o - 15o E / 79 (62) / 48 (38) / 127/15 / Polyclinidae (20), Didemnidae (18), Ascidiidae (10) / 13 (10) / Aplidium nema, Botryllus renierii, Dicopia antirrhinum, Distaplia lubrica, D. lucillae, Eugyra adriatica, Heterostigma melitensis, Molgula euprocta, M. pumila, Polycarpa errans, Pseudodistoma valeriae, Pycnoclavella taureanensis, Xenobranchion tenue
16o - 20o E / 57 (59) / 40 (41) / 97/14 / Polyclinidae (20), Didemnidae (19), Ascidiidae (11) / 1 (1) / Ciona roulei
21o - 25o E / 47 (57) / 36 (43) / 83/13 / Didemnidae/Polyclinidae (19), Pyuridae (14), Ascidiidae (12) / 1 (1) / Aplidium aegeaensis
26o - 30o E / 02 (67) / 01 (33) / 03/03 / - / 0 / -
31o - 35o E / 22 (50) / 22 (50) / 44/12 / Didemnidae (20), Ascidiidae (18), Styelidae (13) / 2 (5) / Botrylloides israeliense, Rhopalaea orientalis