Supporting Information
Bioaccumulation and the soil factorsaffecting the uptake of arsenicin earthworm, Eiseniafetida
Byung-Tae Leea, Sang-Woo Leeb, Ki-RakKima, and Kyoung-WoongKima*
aSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering,
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
b Department of Environmental Engineering,
Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
(email to : )
1 Figure and 4 Tables
Figure S1. Response of earthworms, Eiseniafetida, exposed to 18 filed soils. (a)The survival , (b) growth, and (c) cocoon production were measured at 28 d. Growth and reproduction rate was calculated based on the number of living earthworms at 28 d.
Figure S1. Response of earthworms, Eiseniafetida, exposed to 17 filed soils. (a)The survival , (b) growth, and (c) cocoon production were measured at 28 d. Growth was calculated using the changes of biomass of earthworms in a jar comparing to the initial biomass. Reproduction rate was the number of cocoons per earthworm produced in a jar during 28 d. Growth and reproduction were calculated based on the number of living earthworms at 28 d.
Soil ID / Total concentrations in soils (μmol/g)
As / Cd / Cu / Ni / Pb / Zn / pH
(d.w.) / CEC
cmol/kg / Al-oxa
µmol/g / Fe-oxa
µmol/g / OMb
(%) / Clay
(%)
A / 0.286 / 0.609 / 0.667 / 3.094 / 0.154 / 20.31 / 5.2 / 8.7 / 36.7 / 51.7 / 3.4 / 76.7
B / 0.243 / 0.003 / 0.443 / 0.325 / 0.057 / 0.963 / 6.1 / 8.6 / 58.8 / 9.7 / 3.8 / 73.3
C / 1.191 / 0.070 / 1.355 / 1.926 / 0.146 / 5.127 / 6.3 / 8.5 / 16.6 / 5.5 / 2.2 / 66.7
D / 0.644 / 0.018 / 0.383 / 0.789 / 0.215 / 3.908 / 6.0 / 9.1 / 24.4 / 15.6 / 3.3 / 66.7
E / 9.073 / 0.382 / 2.261 / 10.77 / 0.115 / 33.49 / 5.9 / 8.1 / 22.0 / 24.8 / 2.5 / 26.7
F / 4.249 / 0.746 / 3.990 / 9.640 / 0.095 / 85.87 / 5.6 / 8.5 / 53.5 / 21.8 / 3.9 / 46.7
G / 30.63 / 6.698 / 226.8 / 185.6 / 8.499 / 1154.5 / 3.9 / 7.8 / 36.9 / 91.6 / 3.0 / 40.0
H / 0.563 / 0.021 / 0.304 / 0.908 / 0.156 / 1.008 / 6.2 / 9.6 / 24.7 / 13.6 / 4.0 / 46.7
I / 2.052 / 0.004 / 2.077 / 3.818 / 0.072 / 1.546 / 6.4 / 9.4 / 13.6 / 13.4 / 2.6 / 40.0
J / 0.626 / 0.002 / 0.179 / 0.959 / 0.042 / 0.958 / 6.8 / 8.6 / 31.8 / 13.1 / 4.8 / 40.0
K / 4.023 / 0.150 / 1.548 / 5.387 / 0.944 / 12.38 / 6.3 / 8.4 / 13.5 / 8.4 / 2.2 / 20.0
L / 7.436 / 4.371 / 626.0 / 68.53 / 1.944 / 448.1 / 3.5 / 7.8 / 3.3 / 39.5 / 0.7 / 20.0
M / 0.849 / 0.023 / 0.492 / 9.777 / 0.146 / 4.970 / 5.4 / 8.0 / 26.4 / 28.6 / 3.9 / 70.0
Continued. Total As and metal concentrations in soils determined by HNO3 digestion and main characteristics of the 17 soils to which E.fetida exposed for 70 d.
Soil ID / Total concentrations in soils (μmol/g)
As / Cd / Cu / Ni / Pb / Zn / pH
(d.w.) / CEC
cmol/kg / Al-oxa
µmol/g / Fe-oxa
µmol/g / OMb
(%) / Clay
(%)
N / 1.352 / 0.135 / 2.763 / 5.057 / 0.059 / 2.947 / 6.3 / 8.6 / 31.8 / 7.8 / 4.1 / 33.3
O / 4.022 / 0.316 / 0.914 / 15.33 / 0.071 / 10.56 / 6.2 / 8.7 / 17.8 / 6.6 / 2.3 / 60.0
P / 6.681 / 0.015 / 0.880 / 4.972 / 0.069 / 4.678 / 6.4 / 8.5 / 15.0 / 15.5 / 2.0 / 40.0
Q / 4.818 / 0.948 / 0.865 / 5.807 / 0.130 / 126.1 / 5.4 / 9.5 / 83.2 / 41.3 / 4.5 / 53.3
Max. / 30.63 / 6.698 / 626.0 / 185.6 / 8.499 / 1154.5 / 6.8 / 9.6 / 83.2 / 91.6 / 4.8 / 76.7
Mean / 4.632 / 0.854 / 51.29 / 19.57 / 0.760 / 112.8 / 5.8 / 8.6 / 30.0 / 24.0 / 3.2 / 48.2
Min. / 0.243 / 0.002 / 0.179 / 0.325 / 0.042 / 0.958 / 3.5 / 7.8 / 3.3 / 5.5 / 0.7 / 20.0
SD d / 7.241 / 1.832 / 157.8 / 45.63 / 2.051 / 289.7 / 0.9 / 0.5 / 19.8 / 22.0 / 1.1 / 18.2
a; extraction by 0.2 M NH4-oxalate b; by Loss on Ignition, (Ball 1964; FitzPatrick 1983)
c; by hydrometer methods (Day 1965; Carter 1993) d; standard deviation
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Table S2. Total As and metal concentrations in soil solutions.Soil ID / Concentrations in soil solution (μmol/l)
As / Cd / Cu / Ni / Pb / Zn
A / 0.069 / 0.166 / 0.137 / 1.328 / 0.025 / 6.357
B / 0.074 / 0.001 / 0.104 / 0.038 / 0.002 / 0.140
C / 0.049 / 0.002 / 0.064 / 0.067 / 0.001 / 0.212
D / 1.466 / 0.036 / 0.918 / 0.202 / 0.014 / 8.898
E / 0.892 / 0.034 / 0.203 / 0.764 / 0.005 / 3.294
F / 0.890 / 0.135 / 0.773 / 0.553 / 0.005 / 17.99
G / 1.833 / 0.768 / 16.561 / 8.710 / 0.156 / 307.0
H / 0.358 / 0.013 / 0.219 / 0.260 / 0.014 / 0.514
I / 0.629 / 0.001 / 0.698 / 0.251 / 0.006 / 0.167
J / 2.561 / 0.011 / 0.716 / 0.243 / 0.019 / 0.647
K / 0.630 / 0.031 / 0.274 / 0.374 / 0.028 / 1.938
L / 0.970 / 0.971 / 89.51 / 6.332 / 0.101 / 2033.6
M / 0.225 / 0.014 / 0.128 / 0.472 / 0.016 / 1.319
N / 0.207 / 0.018 / 0.346 / 0.162 / 0.002 / 0.451
O / 1.813 / 0.129 / 0.443 / 2.400 / 0.006 / 4.760
P / 1.078 / 0.004 / 0.145 / 0.157 / 0.002 / 0.755
Q / 2.630 / 0.501 / 0.477 / 0.987 / 0.028 / 68.82
Max. / 2.630 / 0.971 / 89.51 / 8.710 / 0.156 / 2033.6
Mean / 0.963 / 0.167 / 6.572 / 1.371 / 0.025 / 144.5
Min. / 0.049 / 0.001 / 0.064 / 0.038 / 0.001 / 0.140
SD a / 0.837 / 0.293 / 21.73 / 2.425 / 0.041 / 492.4
a; standard deviation
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Table S3. Compositions of soil solutions from 17 soils.Soil ID / Concentration in soil solution (μmol/ml)
pH / DOC / Cl / NO3 / SO4 / PO4 / K / Ca / Mg / Na / Fe / Al
A / 4.3 / 0.52 / 1.3 / 44.3 / 0.8 / < 0.01 / 2.03 / 11.7 / 4.39 / 2.09 / 0.18 / 2.02
B / 6.4 / 0.15 / 0.9 / 34.3 / 1.1 / < 0.01 / 0.87 / 5.02 / 1.07 / 1.08 / < 0.01 / 0.01
C / 7.0 / 0.28 / 2.1 / 32.8 / < 0.01 / < 0.01 / 0.43 / 10.3 / 5.18 / 1.18 / < 0.01 / < 0.01
D / 5.2 / 0.79 / 0.7 / 20.3 / 2.8 / 0.07 / 0.47 / 9.70 / 1.05 / 0.62 / 0.01 / 0.04
E / 5.4 / 0.09 / 2.1 / 22.7 / 15.0 / < 0.01 / 0.32 / 12.7 / 7.31 / 1.16 / 0.00 / < 0.01
F / 4.7 / 0.41 / 0.7 / 27.8 / 22.2 / < 0.01 / 1.36 / 16.3 / 4.60 / 1.24 / 0.00 / 0.02
G / 3.7 / 1.04 / 0.6 / 19.4 / 10.8 / < 0.01 / 0.28 / 3.53 / 2.19 / 1.36 / 0.01 / 3.27
H / 6.3 / 0.43 / 2.0 / 46.8 / 1.9 / < 0.01 / 1.46 / 13.7 / 6.32 / 0.79 / < 0.01 / 0.01
I / 7.6 / 0.32 / 1.1 / 23.3 / 2.1 / < 0.01 / 0.46 / 3.57 / 0.56 / 1.72 / 0.01 / 0.01
J / 7.2 / 1.09 / 0.9 / 29.6 / 3.2 / 0.09 / 1.13 / 2.33 / 2.07 / 0.72 / 0.05 / 0.14
K / 6.5 / 0.19 / 2.3 / 37.8 / 12.5 / < 0.01 / 1.86 / 11.2 / 5.81 / 1.50 / < 0.01 / 0.01
L / 3.1 / 0.39 / 1.7 / 52.2 / 34.8 / < 0.01 / 0.04 / 13.9 / 1.69 / 0.35 / 0.07 / 5.74
M / 5.1 / 0.58 / 1.9 / 41.2 / 2.6 / < 0.01 / 0.78 / 7.53 / 5.05 / 1.62 / 0.01 / 0.02
Continued. Composition of the soil solutions of the 17 soils.
Soil ID / Concentration in soil solution (μmol/ml)
pH / DOC / Cl / NO3 / SO4 / PO4 / K / Ca / Mg / Na / Fe / Al
N / 6.8 / 0.59 / 0.5 / 30.6 / 2.3 / < 0.01 / 0.77 / 7.70 / 2.19 / 0.32 / < 0.01 / 0.01
O / 5.4 / 1.11 / 8.7 / < 0.01 / 10.3 / < 0.01 / 4.66 / 21.2 / 19.0 / 2.00 / < 0.01 / 0.01
P / 6.7 / 0.06 / 2.2 / 23.4 / 8.5 / < 0.01 / 0.55 / 10.1 / 5.55 / 1.20 / < 0.01 / < 0.01
Q / 4.1 / 2.25 / 17.4 / < 0.01 / 7.4 / < 0.01 / 13.5 / 37.0 / 27.6 / 2.83 / 0.01 / 0.18
Max. / 7.6 / 2.25 / 17.4 / 52.2 / 34.8 / 0.09 / 13.5 / 37.0 / 27.6 / 2.83 / 0.18 / 5.74
Mean / 5.6 / 0.61 / 2.8 / 32.4 / 8.6 / 0.08 / 1.82 / 11.6 / 5.98 / 1.28 / 0.04 / 0.82
Min. / 3.1 / 0.06 / 0.5 / < 0.01 / < 0.01 / < 0.01 / 0.04 / 2.33 / 0.56 / 0.32 / < 0.01 / < 0.01
SD a / 1.3 / 0.54 / 4.2 / 10.2 / 9.2 / 0.01 / 3.20 / 8.17 / 7.01 / 0.65 / 0.06 / 1.72
a; standard deviation
Table S4. As accumulation in E.fetida exposed to 17 field soils for 70d and modeled parameters estimated by one-compartment model.Soil ID / Corg,t=70
measured,
µmol/g / Modeled parameters
Type / ku·Cx / SE / ke / SE / t1/2 / Corg,st-st / radj2 / Sig.
A / 0.474±0.073 / Linear / 0.004 / 0.001 / - / - / - / - / 0.78 / < 0.01
B / 0.289±0.037 / OCM / 0.004 / 0.001 / 0.003 / 0.005 / 217 / 1.250 / 0.97 / < 0.01
C / 0.678±0.181 / OCM / 0.010 / 0.003 / 0.005 / 0.010 / 144 / 2.063 / 0.81 / < 0.01
D / 1.165±0.217 / OCM / 0.018 / 0.002 / 0.004 / 0.004 / 182 / 4.658 / 0.98 / < 0.01
E / 7.714±0.771 / OCM / 0.155 / 0.024 / 0.008 / 0.006 / 83 / 18.44 / 0.95 / < 0.01
F / 2.165±0.657 / OCM / 0.078 / 0.017 / 0.036 / 0.013 / 19 / 2.138 / 0.87 / < 0.01
G / 8.087±0.259 / OCM / 0.225 / 0.037 / 0.022 / 0.008 / 32 / 10.36 / 0.93 / < 0.01
H / 0.659±0.055 / OCM / 0.014 / 0.003 / 0.015 / 0.008 / 47 / 0.919 / 0.92 / < 0.01
I / 1.956±0.408 / OCM / 0.042 / 0.009 / 0.010 / 0.001 / 69 / 4.198 / 0.93 / < 0.01
J / 1.235±0.277 / OCM / 0.022 / 0.003 / 0.007 / 0.005 / 94 / 3.027 / 0.97 / < 0.01
K / 3.685±1.035 / OCM / 0.135 / 0.008 / 0.032 / 0.003 / 21 / 4.164 / 0.99 / < 0.01
L / 4.403±1.097 / OCM / 0.116 / 0.011 / 0.020 / 0.005 / 36 / 5.969 / 0.98 / < 0.01
M / 0.796±0.203 / Linear / 0.010 / 0.000 / - / - / - / - / 0.97 / < 0.01
Continued. As accumulation in E.fetida exposed to 17 field soils for 70d and modeled parameters estimated by one-compartment model
Soil ID / Corg,t=70
measured,
µmol/g / Modeled parameters
Type / ku·Cx / SE / ke / SE / t1/2 / Corg,st-st / radj2 / Sig.
N / 1.356±0.086 / Linear / 0.018 / 0.001 / - / - / - / - / 0.95 / < 0.01
O / 1.356±0.132 / OCM / 0.023 / 0.002 / 0.006 / 0.003 / 114 / 3.815 / 0.99 / < 0.01
P / 8.785±1.069 / OCM / 0.146 / 0.014 / 0.004 / 0.004 / 173 / 36.38 / 0.98 / < 0.01
Q / 2.862±0.860 / Linear / 0.031 / 0.003 / - / - / - / - / 0.85 / < 0.01
Max / 8.785 / 0.225 / 0.037 / 0.036 / 0.013 / 217 / 36.38 / 0.99
Mean / 0.289 / 0.062 / 0.008 / 0.013 / 0.006 / 94.7 / 7.491 / 0.93
Min / 2.804 / 0.004 / 0.000 / 0.003 / - / - / 0.78
SD / 2.812 / 0.068 / 0.010 / 0.011 / 0.003 / 66.5 / 9.868 / 0.07
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