BEREIT SEIN UND HELFEN!
Picture book for the education of the Hitler-Youth
1. “First Aid” saves lives from dangers and promotes good health. It protects the highest ideals of our folk—in the service, in home and family, on the job and in war.
Helpers of the doctors are the army medics and nurses aides who are always available and prepared to help. Every nurses’ aide must understand the basic principles of first aid and health care in order to help when and where necessary.
2. Protecting one’s health requires constant preparedness.
No big show or sport event can be conducted in the unit without army medics and nurses’ aides who are well trained and present for every accident.
3. Good care overcomes illness.
Not only in the Leader’s schools and in the military camps do we make use of practical knowledge concerning proper care of the ill. The best place for gaining this knowledge is in one’s own family.
4. Nurses’ aides help with examinations.
Physical examinations in the units require the help of nurses’ aides. They can also be of assistance in company health programs. In all companies enough nurses’ aides are trained, so that for every fifty workers there is at least one nurses’ aide. In the case of accidents, she provides first aid and protects against damage and worsening of the condition. Above all, she is a good example in all things that can prevent the danger of accidents and accidental damage. She also instructs her co-workers in this manner. On a small scale she works on health preservation in the company and helps to insure that all workers remain healthy and happily productive.
5. Army medics prove their ability in the case of transport of the wounded.
That which the army medics of the Hitler-Youth have learned and utilized in a practical way regarding rapid help and good transport in summer camps and outings, sports events, and in their daily routine, can be used in the Poland campaign. In the eastern part of the Reich they have proven themselves in the transport of the wounded, in that they know how to proceed with great courage and joy of deployment.
6. For “First aid” the following are required: care of wounds with bandages, stopping of bleeding with pressure bandages, keeping bone and joint wounds immobile by means of protective bandages and caring for the proper transport of victims.
7. Wounds are breaks in the skin.
In each wound the danger exists that foreign bodies can enter into the body and cause damage, because the protection of the skin on this particular place has been destroyed. Cuts have smooth edges and do not allow foreign bodies an easy entrance. Bruises with an irregular edge and much destroyed tissue have a much greater degree of infection. In the case of a stab wound only a small area is visible. Since these wounds are not easily visible, special and medical help is extremely essential! Scrapes, especially if they are dirty, must be carefully cleaned by a medic, so that the dirt particles do not become ingrown and result in ugly dark spots.
8. Cleanliness is the highest order in caring for wounds! Never wash a wound with water. A germ free bandage protects the wound and prevents other foreign bodies from entering the wound.
Only the surrounding area of the wound may be washed with water! The edges of the wound are dabbed with tincture of sepsis and then a protective bandage is applied, in case no germ free bandage is available.
9. A germfree protective bandage is the first aid kit.
Every boy and girl will carry a first aid kit while in camp or on excursions; the kit contains a germfree protective bandage. The bandage can be removed from its packing from the end that that is designated by HERE. The colored gauze compress is placed without touching on the wound and secured by the gauze binding.
10. In an emergency a germfree cloth is sufficient.
Linen or cotton material that has been boiled and ironed can be used in an emergency. Usually we use a clean handkerchief and place the inside portion on the wound.
11. A self-sticking plaster bandage protects small wounds.
Self-sticking plaster bandages have a gauze layer that have been saturated with a germ resistant material and have been placed on self-sticking plaster strips. Gauze strips protect from dirt particles. The best are the quick bandages whose self-sticking plaster can be stretched from all sides. When we place a bandage on a wound, we cut a piece of the proper size and round the corners. The gauze layer must not come in contact with the hands.
12. Self-sticking plaster and gauze bandages constitute bandaging material.
In the case of smaller wounds we can secure the bandage with self-sticking plaster strips. In the case of larger wounds a gauze or Cambry bandage is better.
13. Every circular bandage begins with a winding procedure.
Every bandage begins with a circular motion. In so doing, we fold under the beginning of the roll and secure it with the next round. Thereby we avoid the unrolling of the bandage.
14. Criss-cross procedures secure poles as well as pieces of cloth.
We use criss-cross procedures when the bandage does not need to cover the wound completely, but rather serves as a means to secure something. Poles are fastened together in this manner, and if the bandages are damp, they help hold the pieces of cloth around the affected wound together.
15. Spiral bandages for the torso, upper arm and thigh.
Where the circumference of the wounded body part has not changed, spiral bandages can be applied that are arranged like roofing tiles and cover the wound firmly and securely.
Torso, upper arm and thigh are under special consideration. On the other hand, on the upper arm and upper leg, the bandages protrude like “cones” and the bandage would slip easily
16. Wrap-around bandages for lower arm and lower leg.
Through the use of wrap-around bandages we obtain firm bandages for the upper arm and upper leg, which have an almost identical shape.
17. Turtle procedure for elbow and knee joints.
The turtle bandage on the elbow and knee joints provides perfect protection, yet permits movement in the joints.
18. The head-of-grain bandage is built on figures of eight.
Similar to the turtle bandage, the head-of-grain bandage is built on figures of eight. It has great strength, and is especially practical on the hand, foot, shoulder and hip.
19. It supports the ankle.
20. It covers shoulder and hips.
21. It also serves as a chest bandage.
22. Even the finger bandage has an eight-part system.
23. A three-cornered or gauze bandage serves well for an eye covering.
In addition to bandages, pieces of cloth help us to make an emergency bandage quickly. Here the three-cornered bandage is folded over like a tie and protects the eye against inflammation or foreign bodies.
24.The three-cornered bandage as a head covering.
The right corner of the three-cornered bandage is turned up on the neck; the other two ends are made into a knot on the forehead. In so doing, we have a good bandage that covers the head.
25. The three-cornered bandage as a covering for the hand.
A bandage of this kind can also be used on the foot. In the case of damp bandages, these coverings are very practical.
26. From two three-cornered bandages we can make an emergency bandage for the shoulder.
The three-cornered bandage is placed on the shoulder so that the right corner lies against the neck. The two pointed ends are fastened around the upper arm. Then we fold a second bandage like a tie and place it around the trunk of the body, so that it goes over the injured shoulder. The corner of the first bandage is folded over and fastened with a pin.
In the same manner we can make an emergency bandage for the hip.
27. A sling bandage for chin and nose.
Both ends of a bandage are cut the long way and the ends are tied together. In so doing we get a bandage that sits well, but even for small wounds on the head the sling can be utilized.
28. Pressure points in the case of arterial bleeding.
Arterial bleeding is life-threatening!
Bright red blood squirts from the wound in the rhythm of the heart. Only a quick pressing of the blood vessel towards the heart can save one’s life!
29. Arteries are pressed against the bone.
In the case of arterial bleeding one can press the injured artery only where it runs over a bone. The carotid artery must be pressed against the spinal column. The collarbone artery receives sufficient pressure from itself.
30. Pressure bandage with wood or stick pressure.
In the case of serious bleeding on the arm or leg, we place a pressure bandage that is twisted by a stick of wood until the pulse can no longer be felt and the bleeding stops. With a second bandage the stick is firmly bound, so that it cannot become loose. Such a bandage cannot be used for more than two hours, for otherwise the affected limb would die, if the blood supply were stopped for any longer. If no help is available after this amount of time, we must loosen the bandage for two seconds, so that blood can nourish the tissue; then we must use the tourniquet again.
31. Stopping bleeding in the back of the knee or elbow.
A bandage roll or other solid material is placed in the back of the knee or the elbow. The upper and lower arm, or upper and lower leg are bound together and thus exert considerable pressure on the injured vessel.
32. Bone and joint injuries require supporting bandages
Overexertion of a joint can tear the joint capsule; the ends of the joint become distended, and no further movement is possible. A sprain has occurred. Powerful pains appear from this sprain due to the joint injury and the changed position of the bones. A bandage that provides rest to the joint reduces the pain and prevents the bones from shifting.
In the case of broken bones we differentiate between simple breaks, where there are no other injuries at the same location, and complicated breaks, where the end of the broken bone has damaged adjacent tissue and skin. In such situations the danger is grave, for disease-causing bacteria can get into the wound. A germ-free bandage must be used to avoid these complications. We will use a splint just as in the case of a simple break, in order to keep the injury without movement. It will reduce the pain and prevent the ends from rubbing together.
33. Keeping the upper limbs quiet.
34. Every solid object can serve as a splint.
We have natural and artificial splints. For the arm the thorax is a natural splint, and we will take advantage of it, if we fasten the arm with a three-cornered bandage or the ASCHE-bandage. For an injured leg, the other leg is a natural splint, when one binds both legs together.
A splint must be long enough to keep both ends immovable and are above and below the broken area.
Splints can be made of cardboard or wood. The picture shows wood examples that can be extended, and also Cramer wire splints. Splints must be padded before they can come into contact with the injuries.
35. A rolled blanket can be used as a splint in the case of a broken ankle.
36. The joints above and below the injury are made immovable.
37. Construction of an emergency stretcher.
Two strong poles are placed on a spread-out blanket, so that it is divided into three equal parts. The two outer parts are rolled towards the inside. They are held by the weight of the injured person, and the transport can then proceed.
Sacks whose sewn ends have been opened up can also be used as an emergency stretcher. (Sack stretcher).
A clothing stretcher can also be used, in that one buttons a coat or jacket inside out and the sleeves are not used. The poles are stuck through he sleeves and come in contact only with the lining. Injured people can be transported in this manner, but only at a slow pace.
38. The injured person is lifted very carefully.
It is easier if three individuals attempt to lift an injured person, in order to place him/her in bed or onto a stretcher. The strongest will lift the seat, the weakest one will lift the legs. The injured person will hold onto the neck of the helper, who supports the injured person’s torso while carrying.
39. How an injured person is transported without a stretcher.
If at all possible, two medics should attempt it. They support themselves with the usual grip of the hands and carry the injured person in “fireman’s position.” The injured person places his/her arms around the necks of the helpers, which eases the transport.
40. Care of the bandages is the job of the medics and the nurses’ aides.
41. In summer camp the nurses’ aides and medics demonstrate their ability and joy of working.
42. Be prepared and help us! That is the assignment of the medics and the nurses’ aides. Not only on the job—but also at all times they do their duty.