ACCELERATION
1. The graph shows the velocity of a bicycle as the rider begins to move from a stop.
Based on the slope of the graph, what is the average acceleration of the bicycle?
A) 0.8 m/s2 forward
B) 1.3 m/s2 forward
C) 2.0 m/s2 forward
D) 6.0 m/s2 forward
2. The graph shows the velocity of a bicycle as the rider begins to move from a stop.
What does the slope of the graph represent?
A) acceleration
B) displacement
C) time
D) velocity
3. A school bus's velocity decreases from 15 m/s to 5 m/s forwards over a period of 10 s. What is the bus's average acceleration?
A) 1 m/s2 forward
B) 2 m/s2 forward
C) 1 m/s2 backward
D) 2 m/s2 backward
4. If a race horse accelerates from rest at a constant rate of 3.5 m/s2 north, how long will the horse take to reach a speed of 19 m/s?
A) 67 s
B) 0.18 s
C) 16 s
D) 5.4 s
5. A bucket of paint falls from a ladder onto the sidewalk below. If the bucket falls for 0.95 s, what is its velocity just before it hits the sidewalk?
A) 4.4 m/s down
B) 8.9 m/s down
C) 9.3 m/s down
D) 10 m/s down
6. A physics student drops a well-wrapped egg off the top of the school roof. If the roof is 4.0 m above the ground, what is the egg's speed just before that egg hits the ground?
A) 8.9 m/s
B) 0.90 m/s
C) 4.9 m/s
D) 78.4 m/s
7. Which graph might show the velocity of a ball that is thrown straight up into the air and allowed to fall freely to the ground? (Consider up to be the positive direction.)
A)
B)
C)
D)
8. A car with an initial position of 75 m and an initial velocity of 5 m/s accelerates at an average rate of 4 m/s2 for 2 s. What is the car's position after 2 s?
A) 85 m
B) 18 m
C) 93 m
D) 75 m
9. A racing cyclist is traveling at 15.3 km/h when she speeds up with a constant forward acceleration. After 5.00 s, her speed is 31.0 km/h. What is her acceleration?
A) 3.14 km/h/s forward
B) 4.90 km/h/s forward
C) 23.2 km/h/s forward
D) 27.0 km/h/s forward
10. How far will a brick starting from rest fall freely in 3.0 seconds?
A) 15 m
B) 29 m
C) 44 m
D) 88 m
Energy
1. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 0.15-kg ball resting at the edge of a roof that is 42 m above the ground?
A) 28 J
B) 36 J
C) 62 J
D) 63 J
2. A rock falls from a cliff at a height of 138 m to a cliff that is 79 m above the ground. How fast is the rock falling when it strikes the lower cliff?
A) 24 m/s
B) 34 m/s
C) 39 m/s
D) 52 m/s
3. Which describes the conditions for an inelastic collision?
A) Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
B) Momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not conserved.
C) Momentum is not conserved, but kinetic energy is conserved.
D) Neither momentum nor kinetic energy are conserved.
4. The bar graphs represent the kinetic energy, KE, gravitational potential energy, PE, and elastic potential energy, EE, of a pole-vaulter [known as Tekena the Militant].
Which graph might represent the pole-vaulter at the peak height of his vault?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
5. A 52-kg snow skier is at the top of a 245-m-high hill. After she has gone down a vertical distance of 112 m, what is her mechanical energy relative to the bottom of the hill? Assume that her mechanical energy losses due to friction and other factors are negligible.
A) 4.2×104 J
B) 1.2×105 J
C) 5.7×105 J
D) 6.8×105 J
6. Considering the conservation of mechanical energy when designing a roller coaster, which statement below is true?
A) No other hill on the roller coaster track can be higher than the first hill and the hills following the first hill must randomly vary in height-short, tall, tall, short, et cetera- in order to conserve the mechanical energy of the system.
B) Only one other hill can be higher than the first hill and there must be a hill placed on the track between the first hill and this higher hill such that its slope is twice as steep as the slope of the higher hill.
C) No other hill on the roller coaster track can be higher than the first hill because the energy required to climb such a hill would be greater than the total mechanical energy of the system.
D) The only way to conserve the total mechanical energy of the system is to conserve the roller coaster's gravitational potential energy by making sure that the last vertical drop is the same as the first.
7. Suppose you are designing ramps for a skateboarding track. If you want to have a ramp that allows someone to fly high, what sort of ramp do you design?
A) a ramp that has a really steep slope everywhere; the height does not matter
B) a ramp that is really high; the slope matters much less
C) a ramp with a steep slope that is placed at the beginning of the track; the height does not matter
D) a ramp with a steep slope that is placed at the end of the track; the height does not matter
8. The diagram shows a system in which a collision occurs between two objects. What is the decrease in kinetic energy during the collision?
A) 64 J
B) 1.4 J
C) 1.1 J
D) 0.17 J
9. A large chunk of ice with a mass of 1.50 kg falls from a roof that is 8.00 m above the ground. What is the kinetic energy of the ice as it reaches the ground?
A) 117 J
B) 118 J
C) 119 J
D) 120 J
10. ‘Young prof’ can consistently throw a 0.200-kg ball at a speed of 12.0 m/s. On one such throw, ‘Young Prof’ throws the ball straight upward and it passes the top of a flagpole when it is 6.00 m above the ball's initial position. What is the ball's gravitational potential energy relative to the ground when it passes the top of the flagpole?
A) 8.1 J
B) 11.8 J
C) 23.5 J
D) 1.201 J
Static Electricity
1. A plastic attracts small bits of paper. One possible explanation is that ______.
A) The comb is negatively charged and the paper is positively charged.
B) Both the comb and the paper are positively charged.
C) Both the comb and the paper are negatively charged.
D) Both the comb and the paper have mixtures of negative and positive charges.
2. An electroscope has an excess of 3.9 × 108 electrons. What is the charge on the electroscope?
A) 1.6 × 10–11 C
B) 2.4 × 10–11 C
C) 4.1 × 10–11 C
D) 6.2 × 10–11 C
3. Which is a correct statement about how objects are charged?
A) Objects are almost always charged by creating or destroying protons.
B) Objects are almost always charged by transferring protons from one object to another.
C) Objects are almost always charged by transferring electrons from one object to another.
D) Objects are almost always charged by creating or destroying electrons.
4. If a positive rod is brought near the knob of a neutral electroscope, but does not touch it, what will occur?
A) The knob will become negatively charged, and the leaves will repel each other.
B) The knob will become negatively charged, and the leaves will remain closed.
C) The knob will become positively charged, and the leaves will repel each other.
D) The knob will become positively charged, and the leaves will remain closed.
5. A lightening bolt transfers a charge of 17 C. How many elementary electrical charges does the lightening bolt transfer if it strikes the ground?
A) 1.1 × 1018 electrons
B) 2.7 × 1018 electrons
C) 1.1 × 1020 electrons
D) 2.7 × 1020 electrons
6. Which of the following completely summarizes Coulomb's results?
A)
B)
C) F 8 qAqBr
D)
7. A charge, qA, experiences an attractive force of 1.5 × 102 N as a result of a charge, qB, located 2.4 cm away. If qB has a charge of +5.2 × 10–6 C, what is the charge of qA?
A) –1.3 × 10–6 C
B) –1.8 × 10–6 C
C) –3.1 × 10–6 C
D) –7.7 × 10–6 C
8. How will the force between two charged spheres be changed if the distance between the spheres' centers is reduced to half its original value?
A) multiplied by 2
B) multiplied by 4
C) divided by 2
D) divided by 4
9. The diagram shows three charged spheres. Sphere A has a charge of 2.0 × 10–6 C, sphere B has a charge of 3.0 × 10–6 C, and sphere C has a charge of 4.0 × 10–6 C. What is the magnitude of the net force on sphere A? (rAB = 2.0 × 10–2 m and rAC = 2.0 × 10–2 m)
A) 1.4 × 102 N
B) 1.6 × 102 N
C) 2.0 × 102 N
D) 2.3 × 102 N
10. An electroscope is negatively charged, with the leaf at an angle of about 45°. A rod is slowly brought to (but not touching) the knob of the electroscope and the leaf falls. This suggests that the rod is ______.
A) uncharged or positively charged
B) uncharged or negatively charged
C) positively charged
D) negatively charged
Electric Fields
1. A positive test charge of 4.0 × 10–6 C is in an electric field that exerts a force of 2.0 × 10–4 N on it. What is the magnitude of the electric field at the location of the test charge?
A) 5.0 × 101 N/C
B) 2.0 × 102 N/C
C) 4.0 × 102 N/C
D) 8.0 × 102 N/C
2. An electric field strength of 6.0 × 104 N/C is measured using a positive test charge of 2.5 × 10–6 C. What is the electrostatic force on the test charge?
A) 0.15 N
B) 0.42 N
C) 1.5 N
D) 4.2 N
3. The ratio of charge transferred to potential difference is called _____.
A) voltage
B) capacitance
C) a capacitor
D) resistance
4. The diagram shows a positive test charge in an electric field and the force the test charge experiences. What is the charge if the electric field strength is 1.2 × 105 N/C?
A) 1.1 × 10–6 C
B) 2.7 × 10–6 C
C) 4.7 × 10–6 C
D) 6.4 × 10–6 C
5. What is the direction of the electric field at the location of the test charge?
A) 25° north of east
B) 25° north of west
C) 25° south of east
D) 25° south of west
6. When a charge of 2.4 × 10–5 C is added to a capacitor, the potential difference increases from 10.6 V to 16.2 V. What is the capacitance of the capacitor?
A) 1.5 μF
B) 2.4 μF
C) 4.3 μF
D) 9.1 μF
7. Which best describes electric potential difference?
A) the work needed to move a positive test charge between two points in an electric field divided by the magnitude of that test charge
B) the electrostatic force on a positive test charge divided by the magnitude of the test charge
C) the magnitude of a positive test charge divided by the work needed to move the test charge between two points in an electric field
D) the magnitude of a positive test charge multiplied by the electrostatic force on that test charge
8. Two charged parallel plates that are 2.0 × 10–2 m apart have an electric field between them with a magnitude of 1600 N/C. What is the electric potential difference between the plates?
A) 4.0 V
B) 8.0 V
C) 32 V
D) 33 V
9. A sphere has an electric potential difference between it and Earth of 30.0 V when it has been charged to 3.5 × 10–6 C. What is its capacitance?
A) 0.12 μF
B) 1.1 μF
C) 5.3 μF
D) 8.6 μF
10. Which of the following shows the electric field lines for two protons and one electron?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Current Electricity
1. A 9.0 V battery delivers a 1.1-A current to an electric motor. How much power is delivered to the motor?
A) 8.2 W
B) 9.9 W
C) 11 W
D) 12 W
2. If a 9.0-V battery delivers0.55 A of current through a circuit, what is the resistance of the circuit?
A) 5.0 Ω
B) 6.1 Ω
C) 16 Ω
D) 45 Ω
3. A burner on an electric stovetop converts electric energy to thermal energy. How much thermal energy is supplied by the burner in 8.0 s if it draws 1.24 kW of power?
A) 1.6 kJ
B) 6.5 kJ
C) 7.9 kJ
D) 9.9 kJ