Baird Chem in Your life Chapter 15
1. The so-called ozone layer is located in the ______.
a. lower stratosphere
b. upper stratosphere
c. upper troposphere
d. lower troposphere
a: The location of the ozone layer is described on page 555.
2. What is the shortest wavelength of UV light that does not reach the Earth’s surface?
a. shorter than 220 mm
b. shorter than 160 mm
c. shorter than 120 mm
d. shorter than 320 mm
a: This is described on page 559; UV-C is the shortest wavelength.
3. Which UV light that passes through our atmosphere is not filtered completely?
a. UV-A and UV-B
b. UV-B
c. UV-A
d. UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C
a: UV-A and UV-B reach the Earth’s surface, as described on page 560.
4. Which form of UV radiation is the least harmful?
a. UV-A
b. UV-B
c. UV-C
d. UV-D
a: Page 560 states that UV-A has the longest wavelengths and the lowest energy.
5. What is the lag period between first exposure and melanoma?
a. 15–25 years
b. 0–5 years
c. 5–10 years
d. immediately
a: This is described on page 561.
6. Which factor is most likely to contribute to the increase of the incidence of malignant melanoma?
a. latitude
b. longitude
c. temperature
d. climate
a: Location closest to the equator has the greatest penetration of UV light.
7. What is the reason that sunlight has biological effects?
a. DNA molecules can absorb UV-B, which results in damaging reactions.
b. DNA molecules can absorb UV-A, which results in damaging reactions.
c. DNA molecules can absorb infrared radiation as a form of energy.
d. DNA combines with RNA.
a: Page 561 describes the process.
8. Which of the following will not be a consequence of exposure to UV-B radiation?
a. asthma
b. cancer
c. cataracts
d. suppression of the immune system
a: This is explained on page 564–565.
9. What causes UV-B and UV-C to destroy ozone in our atmosphere?
a. O3 absorbs energy to form O2 + O.
b. O3 absorbs energy to combine with free oxygen to form O2.
c. O3 absorbs energy to break apart into three oxygen atoms.
d. Two O3 molecules absorb energy to form O6.
a: This is explained on page 565.
10. What chemical contributes to the destruction of 50% of the stratospheric ozone over the Antarctic
region?
a. chlorine
b. methane
c. carbon dioxide
d. nitrous oxide
a: This is described on page 567.
11. What chemical has been the source of stratospheric chlorine that destroys ozone in the stratosphere?
a. CFCs
b. CH3Cl
c. CH4
d. NO2
a: CFCs are letters for chloro, fluoro, and carbons, which release chlorine atoms, as described on page 573.
12. What element is present in CFC replacements?
a. hydrogen
b. oxygen
c. chlorine
d. bromine
a: This is described on page 575.
13. Which of the following is an example of a Halon, a compound containing bromine?
a. CF2BrCl
b. CH3Br
c.CH2BrCl
d. CH2FBr
a: Halons are defined as chemicals without hydrogen atoms, as described on page 576.
14. What was the Montreal Protocol?
a. All ozone-depleting chemicals will be phased out by the year 2000.
b. Only CFCs will be phased out.
c. Developed countries would place a high tax on all CFCs.
d. A limit of CFC production would be limited to various industrial countries.
a: This is described on page 577.
15. What does the term vortex mean?
a. when air pressure drops in combination with the Earth’s rotation
b. when air pressure drops as a result of by decreasing temperature
c. when wind speeds increase by more than 75 mph
d. an increase of temperature in the polar stratosphere and a drop in air pressure
a: The definition of vortex is on page 568.