Avgj Hvm (Cognizable Cases) Gvgjv V Q Ii Mv Mv Cywjk KZ K Awfhy E W K Mößvi Ev Nqivwb Ivak

Avgj‡hvM¨ (cognizable cases) gvgjv `v‡q‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ cywjk KZ…©K Awfhy³ e¨w³‡K †MÖßvi ev nqivwb †ivaK‡í cÖ‡qvRbxq weavb cÖYqb cÖm‡½ miKv‡ii 18 GwcÖj, 2007 L„óvã †gvZv‡eK 5 ˆekvL, 1414 e½vã Zvwi‡Li †jt cÖt 201/07 bs c‡Îi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cÖ¯‘ZK…Z P‚ovš cÖwZ‡e`b|

miKv‡ii weMZ 5 ˆekvL, 1414 e½vã, ‡gvZv‡eK 18 GwcÖj, 2007 Bs Zvwi‡Li †jt cÖt 201/07 bs ¯§viK †gvZv‡eK †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa Abyhvqx Avgj‡hvM¨ gvgjvq (cognizable case) gvgjv `v‡q‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_B cywjk KZ©„K Awfhy³ e¨w³‡K A‡nZzK †MÖßvi ev nqivwb †ivaK‡í cÖ‡qvRbxq weavb cÖYqb cÖms‡M miKvi AvBb Kwgk‡bi mycvwik cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kwiqv‡Qb|

Dc‡i ewY©Z wel‡qi †cÖ¶vc‡U Avgv‡`i mycvwik cÖ`v‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewai mswkó weavbvejx Ab¨vb¨ AvB‡bi weavbvejx mnKv‡i AZtci we¯ vwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBj|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k `Ûwewa AvBb, †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvBb, mv¶¨ AvBb I Ab¨vb¨ wKQy AvBb (other laws)- Gi wfwË‡Z Criminal Justice System cÖwZwôZ nBqv‡Q| mgv‡R msNwUZ Acivamg n †ivaK‡í Ges kvwš k„sLjv eRvq ivLvi j‡¶¨ me©cÖ_g 1860 mv‡j `Ûwewa AvBb (1860 mv‡ji 45 bs AvBb) bv‡g GKwU AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nq| GB `Ûwewa AvB‡b mgv‡R msNUb‡hvM¨ mKj cÖKvi Aciv‡ai we¯ vwiZ msÁv †`Iqv Av‡Q Ges msÁvwqZ cÖ‡Z¨K Aciv‡ai m‡e©v”P kvw¯ (g„Zz¨`Û ch©š ) wba©viY (prescribed) Kwiqv †`Iqv nBqv‡Q| msNwUZ Aciv‡ai Rb¨ Aciv‡ai gvÎv I ¸i“Z¡ Abymv‡i GKwU wePvi cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Acivax‡K kvw¯ cÖ`vb Kiv nBqv _v‡K| †Kvb& cÖwµqv AbymiY Kwiqv Aciv‡ai Z`š Kvh© Pwj‡e, Z`‡š cywj‡ki ¶gZv, `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ Ges Av`vj‡Z wePviKvh© cwiPvjbv Kivi c×wZ wba©viY Kwiqv 1898 mv‡j †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvBb (1898 mv‡ji 5 bs AvBb) bv‡g GKwU c Y©v½ c×wZMZ AvBb cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| GB AvB‡b ewY©Z c×wZ I mv¶¨ AvB‡bi mswkó weavbmg n cvjb Kwiqv `Ûwewa AvB‡bi AvIZvf ³ Ges †¶Îg‡Z Ab¨vb¨ AvBb (other laws)- Gi AvIZvfz³ Acivamg ‡ni Z`š I wePviKvh© wb®•wË Kiv nq|

†dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvB‡b Aciva‡K `yBfv‡M wef³ Kiv nBqv‡Q| GKwU nBj Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva (cognizable offence) Ges AciwU nBj Avgj-A‡hvM¨ Aciva (non-cognizable offence)| Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva Ges Avgj‡hvM¨ gvgjvq (cognizable offence and cognizable case) gvgjv `v‡q‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_B Awfhy³‡K †MÖßvwi c‡ivqvbv Qvov †MÖßvi Kivi ¶gZv I G m¤•wK©Z welqmg n nBj Avgv‡`i we‡eP¨ welq|

†dŠR`vix Kvh©wewai 4 (1) (P) avivq ÒAvgj‡hvM¨ AcivaÓ I ÒAvgj‡hvM¨ gvgjvÓ msÁvwqZ Kiv nBqv‡Q hvnv wb‡æ D‡jL Kiv nBjt-

Ò4 (1) (P)t ÒAvgj‡hvM¨ AcivaÓ I ÒAvgj‡hvM¨ gvgjvÓ (cognizable offence and cognizable case)- Gi A_©, †mB Aciva I †mB gvgjv, hvnvi Rb¨ ev hvnv‡Z GB AvB‡bi wØZxq Zdwmj A_ev eZ©gv‡b ejer Ab¨ †h †Kvb AvBb Abymv‡i †Kvb cywjk Kg©KZ©v webv c‡ivqvbvq †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cv‡ibÓ|

GLv‡b D‡jL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa AvB‡bi 511wU avivi g‡a¨ 217wU avivB †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvB‡bi wØZxq Zdwm‡j Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva wnmv‡e wba©viY Kwiqv †`Iqv nBqv‡Q, A_©vr †MÖßvwi c‡ivqvbv Qvov Acivax‡K †MÖßvi Kivi ¶gZv cywjk Kg©KZ©v‡K †`Iqv nBqv‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ AvBb (other laws)- Gi AvIZvfz³ Aciva m¤•‡K© †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewai wØZxq Zdwm‡ji †k‡li As‡k ÔOffences Against Other Laws’ wk‡ivbv‡g ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, †h mKj Aciv‡ai kvw¯ g„Zz¨`Û, hve¾xeb Kviv`Û A_ev cuvP erm‡ii AwaK Ges †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î kvw¯ `yB erm‡ii Kg b‡n Ges cuvP erm‡ii †ekx b‡n, †mBme †¶‡Î c‡ivqvbv Qvov †MÖßvi Kiv hvB‡e|

‡dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa‡Z cywjk Kg©KZ©v‡K Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva msNU‡bi †¶‡Î c‡ivqvbv QvovB †Kvb e¨w³‡K †MÖßvi Kwievi ¶gZv †`Iqv nBqv‡Q| GB AvB‡bi cÂg Aa¨v‡qi ÒB” As‡k webv c‡ivqvbvq †MÖßvi (arrest without warrant) m¤•wK©Z weavbmg n 54-66 avivq eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q| GLv‡b 54 avivwU we‡klfv‡e D‡jL‡hvM¨| weavbwU wb‡æ D×…Z Kiv nBjt-

Ò54 (1)- †h †Kvb cywjk Kg©KZ©v g¨vwR‡ó«‡Ui Av‡`k A_ev c‡ivqvbv e¨ZxZ wbæwjwLZ e¨w³MY‡K †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb -

cÖ_gZt, †Kvb Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciv‡ai mwnZ RwoZ †Kvb e¨w³ A_ev GBiƒc RwoZ ewjqv hvnvi wei“‡× hyw³msMZ Awf‡hvM Kiv nBqv‡Q A_ev wek¦vm‡hvM¨ Lei cvIqv wMqv‡Q A_ev hyw³msMZ m‡›`n iwnqv‡Q| ------|Ó

GB avivq †gvU bq cÖKvi cwiw¯’wZi †jvK‡K †MÖßvi Kivi weavb Kiv nBqv‡Q| cÖ_g cwiw¯’wZwUB Avgv‡`i Av‡jvPbv I we‡ePbvi welq| Kv‡RB evwK AvU cÖKvi cwiw¯’wZ GLv‡b Avi D‡jL Kiv †Mj bv|

Dc‡iv³ 54 (1) aviv nB‡Z †`Lv hvB‡e †h †Kvb Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciv‡ai mwnZ RwoZ †Kvb e¨w³ ev RwoZ ewjqv hvnvi wei“‡× hyw³msMZ Awf‡hvM Kiv nBhv‡Q ev wek¦vm‡hvM¨ Lei cvIqv wMqv‡Q ev hyw³msMZ m‡›`n iwnqv‡Q Zvnv‡K †h †Kvb cywjk Kg©KZ©v c‡ivqvbv Qvov †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| Bnv QvovI 59 (1) aviv †gvZv‡eK †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î mvaviY bvMwiKI Zvnvi `„wói g‡a¨ Rvwgb-A‡hvM¨ I Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva msNUbKvix‡K †MÖßvi Kwiqv cywj‡k †mvc`© Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| Bnv‡K ejv nq bvMwi‡Ki †MÖßvi ev citizen’s arrest| g¨vwR‡ó«‡Ui m¤§y‡L Aciva msNwUZ nB‡j wZwbI †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cv‡ib (aviv 64)| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva h_v binZ¨v, Pzwi, WvKvwZ, AcniY, al©Y, bvix-cvPvi BZ¨vw` ai‡Yi Aciva msNU‡bi Awf‡hvM cvIqvi ci mswkó _vbvi cywjk m‡½ m‡½ NUbv¯’‡j Mgb Kwiqv ewY©Z AvBb †gvZv‡eK Avmvgx‡K †MÖßvi Kwiqv Awf‡hv‡Mi Z`š ïi“ K‡ib|

ÒAvgj‡hvM¨ Aciv‡ai †¶‡Î †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewai 54 aviv †gvZv‡eK †MÖßvwi c‡ivqvbv QvovB cywjk GBiƒc Aciv‡ai mv‡_ RwoZ e¨w³‡K †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cv‡iÓ (Abdur Rahman vs. The State, 29 DLR (SC) 258)| “An arrest is a part of investigation and cannot be stayed” (Meenakshi Agarwal vs. State of U.P., 2001 Cr. LJ 395 (398) )”.

cÖkœ DwV‡Z cv‡i †h evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi 32 Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rxeb I e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKvi iwnqv‡Q ewjqv ‡Kvb bvMwiK‡K cywjk Gfv‡e †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cv‡i wKbv| msweav‡bi 32 Aby‡”Q‡` ejv nBqv‡Q, ÒAvBbvbyhvqx e¨ZxZ Rxeb I e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv nB‡Z †Kvb e¨w³‡K ewÂZ Kiv hvB‡e bv|Ó GB weavb nB‡Z cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h ïaygvÎ hyw³msMZ AvB‡bi gva¨‡gB †Kvb e¨w³‡K Rxeb I e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv nB‡Z ewÂZ Kiv hvB‡Z cv‡i| gvngy`yj Bmjv‡gi iwPZ “Constitutional Law of Bangladesh” bvgK cy¯ ‡K ejv nBqv‡Q †h ÒRxeb I e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv nB‡Z ewÂZKiY msµvš kvw¯ i weavb m¤^wjZ †Kvb `Ûwewa AvBb Aek¨B ev¯ eZvi wbwi‡L hyw³msMZ nB‡Z nB‡e Ges Av`vjZ Bnvi †hŠw³KZv m¤^‡Ü cix¶v-wbix¶v Kwiqv †`wL‡Z cvwi‡eb|Ó (c„ôvt 193-195, wØZxq ms¯‹iY)| Kvh©wewa AvB‡bi 54 (1) avivwU hyw³msMZ bv, GB g‡g© evsjv‡`k, fviZ, cvwK¯ vb I Ab¨vb¨ Kgb jÕ fz³ †`‡ki D”P Av`vjZ †Kvb wm×vš w`qv‡Qb ewjqv Kwgk‡bi bR‡i Av‡m bvB|

kvmbZ‡š ewY©Z †gŠwjK AwaKvi¸wj‡Z Kvnv‡KI †MÖßvi nB‡Z Ae¨vnwZ w`qv †Kvb †gŠwjK AwaKvi mwbœ‡ewkZ nq bvB| 33 Aby‡”Q‡` †MÖßvi I AvUK m¤•‡K© wKQy i¶vKeP †`Iqv nBqv‡Q gvÎ|

msweav‡bi 33 Aby‡”Q‡`i 1 `dvq ejv nBqv‡Q †h †MÖßviK…Z †Kvb e¨w³‡K h_vm¤¢e kxNª †MÖßv‡ii KviY Ávcb bv Kwiqv cÖnivq AvUK (detained in custody) ivLv hvB‡e bv Ges D³ e¨w³‡K Zvnvi g‡bvbxZ AvBbRxexi mwnZ civg‡k©i I Zuvnvi Øviv AvÍc¶ mg_©‡bi AwaKvi nB‡Z ewÂZ Kiv hvB‡e bv| 33 Aby‡”Q‡`i 2 `dvq ejv nBqv‡Q †h, †MÖßviK…Z I cÖnivq AvUK cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K wbKUZg g¨vwR‡ó«‡Ui m¤§y‡L †MÖßv‡ii PweŸk N›Uvi g‡a¨ (†MÖßv‡ii ¯’vb nB‡Z g¨vwR‡ó«‡Ui Av`vj‡Z Avbq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq e¨wZ‡i‡K) nvwRi Kiv nB‡e Ges g¨vwR‡ó«‡Ui Av‡`k e¨ZxZ Zuvnv‡K Z`wZwi³Kvj cÖnivq AvUK ivLv hvB‡e bv| Kv‡RB msweav‡bi 33 (1) I 33 (2) Aby‡”Q‡`i weavb †gvZv‡eK- (1) †MÖßviK…Z e¨w³‡K h_vm¤¢e kxNª †MÖßv‡ii KviY RvbvB‡Z nB‡e, (2) Zvnv‡K wbR¯^ g‡bvbxZ AvBbRxexi civgk© MÖn‡Yi Ges AvBbRxexi Øviv AvÍc¶ mg_©‡bi AwaKvi nB‡Z ewÂZ Kiv hvB‡e bv, (3) Zvnv‡K †MÖßv‡ii PweŸk N›Uvi g‡a¨ (Av`vj‡Z hvÎvi mgq e¨wZ‡i‡K) wbKUZg g¨vwR‡ó«‡Ui m¤§y‡L nvwRi Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges (4) g¨vwR‡ó«‡Ui Av‡`k e¨wZ‡i‡K Zvnv‡K PweŸk N›Uvi †ekx mgq AvUK ivLv hvB‡e bv| D³ PviwU AwaKviB †MÖßviK…Z e¨w³i mvsweavwbK AwaKvi| GB mvsweavwbK AwaKvi¸wj †MÖßv‡ii c‡iB †Kej D™¢ Z nq| 33 (1) Aby‡”Q‡` Ô†MÖßviK…Z †Kvb e¨w³‡KÕ GB K_vwU nB‡ZB cwi¯‹vi Abyaveb Kiv hvB‡e †h, Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva Kwi‡j Acivax‡K †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z †Kvb evav bvB| gvngy`yj Bmjv‡gi cy¯ ‡KI ejv nBqv‡Q †h 33 Aby‡”Q‡` A‡hŠw³K I †¯^”QvPvix †MÖßvi Ges AvUKv‡`‡ki wei“‡× wKQy c×wZMZ i¶vKe‡Pi weavb Kiv nBqv‡Q| 33 (1) I 33 (2) Aby‡”Q` †gvZv‡eK †MÖßviK…Z e¨w³i cÖvc¨ Dc‡iv³ PviwU AwaKv‡ii ûeyû D‡jL Kiv nBqv‡Q| (H, c„ôv 197)

gvby‡li e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv I AwaKvi GKwU mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤•‡K© cÖm½µ‡g wKQy Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nBj| †gvt Avãyj nvwj‡gi iwPZ Constitution, Constitutional Law and Politics: Bangladesh Perspective, A Comparative study of problems of Constitutionalism in Bangladesh cy¯ ‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q †h,

“the enjoyment of rights can nowhere be seen in an absolute position, for the enjoyment of one’s right in the society is subject to the enjoyment of others’ right. ------. Unrestricted individual liberty becomes a licence and jeopardises the liberty of others...... If indivisuals are allowed to have absoulte freedom of speach and action, the result would be chaos, ruin and anarchy...... This idea has got recognition in article 29 (2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948-

In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.”

Kv‡RB Avgv‡`i msMwVZ mgv‡R cÖwZwU bvMwiK †`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi msÁvi mxgve×Zvi g‡a¨ _vwKqvB Rxeb I e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv †fvM Kwi‡eb, AvB‡bi mxgv AwZµg Kwiqv ev A‡b¨i e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv j Lb Kwiqv bq| j Nb Kwi‡jB mgv‡R Ø›`¡ I wek„ Ljv m„wó nB‡e| Avgiv †h mKj AvBb wel‡q GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kwi‡ZwQ †mB mKj AvBb Avgv‡`i †`‡k †`o kZ erm‡iiI E×©Kvj hveZ cÖPwjZ I cixw¶Z AvBb| cywjk evwnbx †`‡ki cÖ_g I cÖavb AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix ms¯’v weavq Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva m„wóKvix (‡hgb Lyb) Acivax‡K cywjk KZ©„K †MÖßvwi c‡ivqvbv QvovB †MÖßvi Kivi my®•ó weavb †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa‡Z ‡`Iqv nBqv‡Q| Aciva‡iva I cÖwZ‡iva Ges mgv‡R kvwš k„ Ljv i¶v Kivi gnr D‡Ï‡k¨B †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvB‡b GB e¨e¯’v Kiv nBqv‡Q|

Bsj¨v‡Ûi AvB‡b Aciva‡K †MÖßvi†hvM¨ Aciva I †MÖßvi-A‡hvM¨ Aciva wnmv‡e `yB fv‡M wef³ Kiv nBqv‡Q| Bsj¨v‡Ûi AvB‡b †h Aciv‡ai Rb¨ wba©vwiZ eva¨Zvg jK `Û A_ev cuvP eQ‡ii Kviv`‡Ûi weavb iwnqv‡Q (†hgb Pywi) †mB me Aciva‡K †MÖßvi‡hvM¨ Aciva ejv nq| (Criminal Law Act, 1967, section 2 (1)) Ab¨ mKj Aciva †MÖßvi-A‡hvM¨ Aciva ewjqv AwfwnZ nq| †MÖßvi‡hvM¨ Aciv‡a wjß A_ev †MÖßvi‡hvM¨ Aciv‡a m‡›`nfvRb †jvK‡K †h †Kvb e¨w³ AvBbm¤§Zfv‡e †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cv‡ib| †MÖßvi‡hvM¨ Aciva msNwUZ nB‡j b¨vqmsMZfv‡eB m‡›`nfvRb Acivax‡K webv c‡ivqvbvqI †MÖßvi Kiv nB‡Z cv‡i| cywjk hw` m‡›`n Kwiqv _v‡K †h, †MÖßvi‡hvM¨ Aciva NwUqv wMqv‡Q Zvnv nB‡j b¨vqmsMZfv‡e Acivax‡K †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cv‡i| Bsj¨v‡Ûi g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡k Aciva‡K †MÖßvi‡hvM¨ I †MÖßvi-A‡hvM¨ Aciv‡a wef³ Kiv nq bvB eis Avgj‡hvM¨ I Avgj-A‡hvM¨ Aciv‡a wef³ Kiv nBqv‡Q| †Kej Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciv‡a cywjk webv c‡ivqvbvq Avmvgx‡K †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cv‡i| Bsj¨v‡Û 1998 m‡b Human Rights Act bv‡g GKwU AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nBqv‡Q| wKš‘ H AvB‡b cvj©v‡g‡›Ui mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi cÖengvbZv eRvq ivLv nBqv‡Q| ïay g„Zz¨`Û iwnZ Kiv nBqv‡Q hvnv A‡bK Av‡MB iwnZ Kiv wQj|

Av‡gwiKvi AvB‡bI Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva Kwi‡j cywjk Acivax‡K webv c‡ivqvbvq †MÖßvi Kwi‡Z cv‡i| “A cognizable offence in the United States is a case where the police can arrest without a warrant. All cognizable cases involve criminal offences. Murder, robbery, theft, rioting and counterfeiting are some examples of cognizable offences” (source __ internet).

Avgv‡`i †`‡k †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvB‡bi PZz`©k Aa¨v‡q (aviv 154-176) †Kvb Aciva msMV‡bi msev` cvIqvi ci cywj‡ki ¶gZv, `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤•‡K© we¯ vwiZfv‡e weavb Kiv nBqv‡Q| Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciv‡ai msev` _vbvi fvicÖvß Kg©KZ©vi wbKU †gŠwLKfv‡e †`Iqv nB‡j fvicÖvß Kg©KZ©v wba©vwiZ di‡g Dnv wjwce× Kwi‡eb| wjwLZ A_ev †gŠwLK msev` cvIqvi ci wba©vwiZ eB‡q wjwce× Kwiqv msev``vZv‡K cwoqv I ïbvBqv Zvnvi `¯ LZ wb‡eb| Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva we‡kl Kwiqv Lyb, WvKvwZ, Pvu`vevwR (extortion), AcniY, al©Y, BZ¨vw` ¸i“Zi Aciva msNU‡bi msev` cvB‡j mswkó _vbvi fvicÖvß Kg©KZ©v A_ev †h †Kvb GKRb Kg©KZ©v ms‡M ms‡M NUbv¯’‡j Mgb Kwiqv msNwUZ Aciv‡ai cÖK…Z Z_¨ D`NvU‡bi ¯^v‡_© cÖ`wk©Z ev ewY©Z Acivax‡K †MÖßvi I gvgjvi Z`š ïi“ Kiv Zvnvi ev Zvnv‡`i AvBbm¤§Z KZ©e¨ nBqv hvq| Z`š Kv‡h© Ae‡njv ev †`ix Kwi‡j NUbvi inm¨ D`NvUb Kiv RwUj nBqv c‡o| †MÖßv‡ii g j D‡Ïk¨ nBj Awfhy³ e¨w³‡`i cjvq‡bi my‡hvM nB‡Z wbe„Ë Kiv| GKwU Avgj‡hvM¨ Aciva msNU‡bi msev` †UwjMÖvg ev †Uwj‡dv‡bI _vbvq †`Iqv hvq| GKwU †g‡q‡K Acni‡Yi msev` †Uwj‡dv‡b cvB‡j _vbvi cywjk Kg©KZ©v Zvr¶wYKfv‡e NUbv¯’‡j hvBqv cÖ_g `vwqZ¡ wnmv‡e wfKwUg‡K D×vi Kiv, D×vi Kivi ci Wv³vwi cix¶v Kiv‡bv, Avmvgx ‡MÖßvi Kiv I Z`š ïi“ Kiv cywj‡ki KZ©e¨ nBqv hvq| wej¤^ Kwi‡j wfKwU‡gi Rxeb wecbœ nB‡e, Avmvgx‡KI cvIqv hvB‡e bv, Aciw`‡K wfKwU‡gi cwievi wbivcËvnxbZvq fywM‡e|

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