Archived Information

Archived Information

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

SECTION I. CONTEXT/ENVIRONMENT

Overview of the IDEA Amendments of 1997

The Six Principles of IDEA

Conclusions

State Accountability Systems and Students with Disabilities

Importance

Traditional General Education Accountability

Traditional Special Education Accountability

Accountability Reform

Issues Associated with Including Students with Disabilities in General Education Accountability

Implications

Summary

SECTION II. STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS

Children Ages Birth Through Five Served Under IDEA

The Number of Children Served Under IDEA, Part C

Early Intervention Environments for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities

The Number of Children Served Under the Preschool Grants Program

Educational Environments for Preschoolers with Disabilities

Summary

Students Ages 6 Through 21 Served Under IDEA

Changes in Numbers of Students Served

Age Distribution of Students Served

Disabilities Distribution of Students Served

Summary

The Racial/Ethnic Composition of Students with Disabilities

Race/Ethnicity in Special Education

Summary

Gender as a Factor in Special Education Eligibility, Services, and Results

Special Education Eligibility

Services for Males and Females with Disabilities

Educational Results for Males and Females with and without Disabilities

Summary

Issues Remaining

Students with Emotional Disturbance

Eligibility and Characteristics

Educational Environments and Services

Results

Improving Results

Summary

SECTION III. SCHOOL PROGRAMS AND SERVICES

Special Education Teachers: National Trends in Demand and Shortage

How Large Is the Shortage of Teachers in Special Education?

What Factors Are Associated with the Shortages of Teachers in Special Education?

Conclusions

Using IFSPs with Preschoolers

Regulations and Policies

States Using IFSPs with Preschoolers

A Closer Look at Six States

Summary

Educational Environments for Students with Disabilities

Trends in Data on Educational Environments

Factors Associated with Educational Environments

Summary

Funding for IDEA

Appropriation of Funds for Part B of IDEA

The State Set-Aside Funds

The IDEA Amendments of 1997

Summary

State Progress in Use of Interagency Agreements

Overview of Interagency Cooperation

Interagency Coordination for Infants and Toddlers

State Implementation Efforts in Coordinating Services for Infants and Toddlers

Interagency Coordination Among Agencies Serving School-Age Children

State Implementation Efforts in Coordinating Services for School-Age Children

Collaboration on Transition Services for Students with Disabilities

Summary

SECTION IV. RESULTS

Standards-Based Reform and Students with Disabilities

Involvement of Special Education in State-Based Reform Activities

Current Practices and Policies in Statewide Assessments

Reporting the Performance of Students with Disabilities

Research Findings Related to Standards-Based Reform

Summary

Developing Alternate Assessments for Students with Disabilities

What Are Alternate Assessments?

Putting Alternate Assessments in Practice

Issues To Consider in Developing Alternate Assessments

Summary

Secondary School Completion for Students with Disabilities

Trends in High School Completion for Students with Disabilities

Summary

State Improvement and Monitoring

Summary

Performance Indicators for Parts B, C, and D

The Purposes of GPRA

The Department of Education’s Response to GPRA

OSEP’s Response to GPRA

Summary

Results From RRC Technical Assistance to States

Purpose of the RRFC Network

Structure of the RRFC Network

SEA Responsibility for General Supervision

Assessment and Accountability

Behavioral Issues and Interventions

Summary

Appendices

Appendix A. Data Tables

Section A. Child Count Tables

Table AA1Number of Children Served Under IDEA, PartBbyAge Group, During the 199697 SchoolYear

Table AA2Number of Children Ages 621 Served Under IDEA, PartBby Disability, During the 199697School Year

Table AA3Number of Children Ages 611 Served Under IDEA, PartBby Disability, During the 199697School Year

Table AA4Number of Children Ages 1217 Served Under IDEA, PartBby Disability, During the 199697School Year

Table AA5Number of Children Ages 1821 Served Under IDEA, PartBby Disability, During the 199697School Year

Table AA6Number of Children Served Under IDEA, Part B by Disability and Age, During the 199697School Year

Table AA7Number of Children Served Under IDEA, PartBby Age,During the 199697 School Year

Table AA8Number and Change in Number of Children Served UnderIDEA, Part B

Table AA9Number and Change in Number of Children Ages6-21 Served Under IDEA, Part B

Table AA10Percentage (Based on Estimated Resident Population) ofChildren Served Under IDEA, PartBby Age Group, During the 199697 SchoolYear

Table AA11Percentage (Based on Estimated Resident Population) ofChildren Ages 621 Served UnderIDEA, Part B by Disability, During the199697 School Year

Table AA12Percentage (Based on Estimated Resident Population) ofChildren Ages 617 Served UnderIDEA, Part B by Disability, During the199697 School Year

Table AA13Percentage (Based on Estimated Enrollment) of ChildrenAges 617 Served Under IDEA, PartBby Disability, Duringthe 199697 SchoolYear

Table AA14Number of Children Served Under IDEA by Disability andAge Group, During the 198788Through 199697 School Years

Section B. Educational Environments Tables

Table AB1Number of Children Ages 321 Served in Different Educational Environments Under IDEA,Part B, Duringthe199596 School Year

Table AB2Number of Children Ages 621 Served in Different Educational Environments Under IDEA,Part B, Duringthe199596 School Year

Table AB3Number of Children Ages 3-5 Served in Different Educational Environments Under IDEA,Part B, Duringthe199596 School Year

Table AB4Number of Children Ages 611 Served in Different Educational Environments Under IDEA,Part B, Duringthe199596 School Year

Table AB5Number of Children Ages 12-17 Served in Different Educational Environments Under IDEA, Part B, Duringthe199596 School Year

Table AB6Number of Children Ages 18-21 Served in Different Educational Environments Under IDEA, Part B, Duringthe199596 School Year

Table AB7Number of Children Served in Different Educational Environments Under IDEA, Part B byAge Group, Duringthe 1986-87 Through199596 School Years

Table AB8Number of Children Ages 621 Served in Different Educational Environments Under IDEA, Part B by Disability,During the 198687Through 199596 SchoolYears

Section C. Personnel Tables

Table AC1Total Number of Teachers Employed, Vacant Funded Positions (In Full-Time Equivalency), andNumber of Teachers Retained to Provide Special Education and RelatedServices for Children and Youth with Disabilities,Ages 35,During the 199596 School Year

Table AC2Total Number of Teachers Employed, Vacant Funded Positions (In Full-Time Equivalency), andNumber of Teachers Retained to Provide Special Education and RelatedServices for Children and Youth with Disabilities,Ages 621,During the 199596 School Year

Table AC3Total Number of Teachers Employed and VacantFundedPositions (In Full-Time Equivalency) toProvide Special Education andRelated Services for Children and Youth with Disabilities, by Disability, Ages 6-21, Duringthe 199596 School Year

Table AC4Number and Type of Other Personnel Employedand VacantFunded Positions (In Full-Time Equivalency) toProvide SpecialEducation and Related Services forChildren and Youth with Disabilities Ages3-21, byPersonnel Category, During the 199596SchoolYear

Section D. Exiting Tables

Table AD1Number of Students Age 14 and Older ExitingSpecial Education, During the 199596 School Year

Table AD2Number of Students with Disabilities ExitingSpecial Education by Age Year, During the199596 School Year

Table AD3Number of Students with Disabilities Exiting SchoolbyGraduation with a Diploma, Graduation withaCertificate,andReached Maximum Age by AgeDuringthe198687 Through 199596 SchoolYears

Section F. Population and Enrollment Tables

Table AF1Estimated Resident Population for Children Ages321

Table AF2Estimated Resident Population for Children Birth ThroughAge 2

Table AF3Estimated Resident Population for Children Ages35

Table AF4Estimated Resident Population for Children Ages617

Table AF5Estimated Resident Population for Children Ages1821

Table AF6Enrollment for Students in Grades PreKindergarten ThroughTwelve

Section G. Financial Tables

Table AG1State Grant Awards Under IDEA, Part B, Preschool GrantProgram and Part H

Section H. Early Intervention Tables

Table AH1Number of Infants and Toddlers Receiving Early InterventionServices, December 1, 1996

Table AH2Early Intervention Services on IFSPs Providedto Infants,Toddlers, and Their Families in Accord With PartHDecember 1, 1995

Table AH3Number and Type of Personnel Employed and NeededtoProvide Early Intervention Servicesto InfantsandToddlers with Disabilitiesand Their FamiliesDecember1,1995

Table AH4Number of Infants and Toddlers Birth Through Age2Served in Different Early Intervention SettingsUnderPartHDecember1,1995

Appendix B. Activities of the Regional Resource Centers

LIST OF TABLES

Table II-1Educational Environments for Preschoolers with Disabilities

Table II-2Number of Children Ages 6-21 Served Under IDEA by Disability: 1987-88 and1996-97

Table II-3Number and Percentage of Students in Special Education by Race/Ethnicity andDisability: 1994

Table II-4Gender of Secondary-Aged Students with Disabilities, by DisabilityCategory

Table II-5Gender of Elementary and Secondary-Aged Students with Disabilities,by Disability Category

Table II-6Percentage of Secondary-Aged Students with Disabilities Who Received DifferentTypes of Services, by Gender

Table II-7Percentage of Students with Disabilities Identified as Having Emotional Disturbance(1995-96)

Table III-1Production of Degree Graduates by Teacher Preparation Programsin1993-94 as a Percentage of Three Indicators of TeacherDemand inPublic Schools

Table III-2IDEA, Part B Section 611 Grants to States Program: Funds Appropriated, 1977-97

Table III-3Rank Order of Most Frequently Cited Functions of the Resource Centers

Table III-4Most Frequently Cited CSPD Activities

Table III-5Number of SEA Interagency Agreements

Table IV-1State Level Emphasis and Special Education Involvement in Establishing Educational Results, Standards, or Curricular Frameworks

Table IV-2States That Report Assessment Results for Students with Disabilities

Table IV-3Number and Percentage of Students Ages 17 and Older Graduatingwitha Diploma or Certificate of Completion: 1995-96

Table IV-4Factors Predicting State Graduation Rates for Students with Disabilitiesin 1992-93:Standard Diploma

Table IV-5Factors Predicting State Graduation Rates for Students with Disabilitiesin 1992-93: Certificate of Completion

Table IV-6Schedule of On-Site Monitoring Reviews, 1996-97

Table IV-7Monitoring Reports Issued During Fiscal Year 1997

Table IV-8Summary of Findings in Fiscal Year 1997 Monitoring Reports

Table IV-9Schedule of the IDEA Amendments of 1997 Implementation Planning Visits

Table IV-10Part B Performance Indicators

Table IV-11Part C Performance Indicators

Table IV-12Part D Performance Indicators

Table A-1State Reporting Patterns for IDEA, Part B Child Count Data 1996-97,Other Data1995-96

Table B-1Regional Resource Centers (RRC) and Federal Resource Center (FRC)Programs

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1Conceptual Framework of Results for Children and Youth with Disabilities

Figure 2Issues Addressed in This Report

Figure II-1Number of Infants and Toddlers Served Under IDEA, Part C, 1992Through 1996

Figure II-2Number of Infants and Toddlers Served in Different Settings, 1992-93and 1995-96

Figure II-3Number of Children Ages 3-5 Served Under the Preschool Grants Program, 1992-93 - 1996-97

Figure II-4Number of Children Ages 3-5 Served in Different Educational Environments, 1992-93and 1995-96

Figure II-5Percentage of Students with Disabilities Served Under IDEA, PartBbyAge Group in 1996-97

Figure II-6Number of Children Ages 6-21 Served Under IDEA, Part B From 1987-88 to 1996-97: High-Incidence Disabilities

Figure II-7Number of Children Ages 6-21 Served Under IDEA, Part B From 1987-88 to 1996-97: Low-Incidence Disabilities

Figure II-8Percentage of Secondary-Aged Students with Disabilities with DifferentGrade Point Averages, by Gender

Figure II-9School Exit Status of Youth with Disabilities, by Gender

Figure II-10Students Ages 6-21 Identified as Having Emotional Disturbance inthe50 Statesandthe District of Columbia

Figure II-11Percentage of Children with Emotional Disturbance Ages 6-21 ServedFrom 1987-88 Through 1995-96 in Regular Classes and Resource Rooms

Figure III-1Number of Teaching Positions, Fully CertifiedTeachers, and PartiallyCertified Teachers Plus Vacant Positions in Special Educationfor Students Ages 3-5 withDisabilities by School Year

Figure III-2Cumulative Percentage of Annual Growth in the Number of StudentsAges 3-5 with Disabilities Compared with the CumulativePercentage of Annual ExpansionofTeaching Positions inSpecial Education forThese Students by SchoolYear

Figure III-3Number of Teaching Positions, Fully CertifiedTeachers, andPartiallyCertified Teachers Plus Vacant Positions in SpecialEducationforStudents Ages 6-21 withDisabilities by School Year

Figure III-4Cumulative Percentage of Annual Growth in the Number of StudentsAges 6-21 with Disabilities Compared with the CumulativePercentage of Annual ExpansionofTeaching Positions inSpecial Education forThese Studentsby SchoolYear

Figure III-5Teacher Shortage Percentages for Students Ages3-5and 6-21 withDisabilities bySchool Year

Figure III-6Cumulative Percentage of Annual Expansion of Teaching Positions in Special Education for Students Ages 3-5and 6-21with Disabilities by School Year

Figure III-7Students Per Teaching Position by Student Age Group andSchoolYear

Figure III-8Cumulative Percentage of Annual Expansion of Teaching Positions in Special Education (for Students Ages 6-21 with Disabilities)andGeneral Education (forGrades K Through 12 in Public Schools)bySchool Year

Figure III-9Percentage of Students Served in Different Environments

Figure III-10Number of Interagency Collaborative Efforts Between SEAs and OtherAgencies

Figure IV-1Percentage of Students with Disabilities Graduating with a Diplomaor Certificate of Completion

Figure IV-2IDEA Program Logic Model

Figure IV-3IDEA Program for Children and Youth with Disabilities

Figure IV-4IDEA Program for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities

Figure IV-5IDEA Discretionary Programs