Appendix Species density in open (OP) and macrophyte-covered (MC) areas over 120 days [numerically expressed in April (before manipulation) and symbolically in June and August (↑ ↓ = * mean increase, decrease, lack of change, and absence, respectively)] in lakes of the upper Paraná River floodplain where H. aff. malabaricus was added (HM+), removed (HM-), or kept at natural density (REF). Species are sorted by their overall abundance in April. The rarity of 22 species in open and/or macrophyte-covered areas resulted in the absence of their initial density.

HM+ / HM- / REF
Canal do Meio / Carioca / Cidão / Zé Marinho / Genipapo / Tião
OP / MC / OP / MC / OP / MC / OP / MC / OP / MC / OP / MC
Aphyocharax anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 / 14.34
(↑↓) / 2.24
(↑↓) / (↑↑) / 0.03
(*↑) / (*↑) / 0.02
(*↓) / 0.09
(**) / (*↑) / 0.17
(↓↓) / 0.47
(↑*) / 0.02
(↑↑)
Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 / 0.04
(↓*) / 1.80
(↑↓) / 0.02
(*↑) / 6.00
(*↓) / 0.05
(↓*) / 0.31
(↓↓) / 0.05
(↑*) / 0.90
(↓↓) / 0.20
(↓*) / 1.33
(↑↑) / 0.83
(↑↑)
Laetacara sp. / 0.68
(↑↓) / 2.38
(↑↑) / 0.30
(↑↑) / (↑*) / (↑*) / (*↑) / 1.18
(↓↓) / (↑*) / (↑↑) / 0.03
(↓↓)
Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907) / 0.01
(↑*) / 0.16
(↑↑) / 0.03
(↑↑) / 0.53
(↑↓) / 0.61
(↓↓) / 0.01
(↑↑) / 0.10
(↓↑) / 0.23
(↑↑) / 1.20
(↓↓) / 1.33
(↑↓) / 0.81
(↑↑)
Serrapinnus notomelas (Eigenmann, 1915) / 5.79
(↑↓) / 0.12
(↑↓) / (↑*) / (*↑) / 0.02
(↓↑) / 0.13
(↓↓) / 0.13
(↓*) / 0.01
(↑*)
Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner, 1882) / 0.45
(↑↓) / 0.51
(↑↑) / (*↑) / (↑↑) / 0.01
(**) / 0.01
(↑*) / (↑↑)
Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 / 0.02
(*↑) / 0.52
(↑↑) / (↑*) / 0.03
(↑↑)
Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) / 0.89
(↑*) / 0.07
(↓↑) / 0.10
(↑*) / 0.01
(=*) / (↑*) / 1.33
(↓*) / 0.13
(↓*) / 0.13
(↑↓) / 0.01
(*↑)
Cichlasoma paranaense Kullander, 1983 / 0.07
(↑↑) / 0.05
(↑↑) / 0.05
(**) / 0.45
(↓↑) / 0.10
(**) / 0.13
(↓↓) / 0.07
(**) / (↑*)
Roeboides paranensis Pignalberi, 1975 / 0.16
(↑↑) / 0.03
(↓↑) / 0.02
(↑*) / 0.30
(↑*) / 0.07
(*↓)
Rivulus apiamici Costa, 1989 / 0.43
(↑↓)
Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) / 0.54
(**) / 0.01
(*↑) / 0.06
(*↑) / 0.03
(**) / 0.01
(**) / 0.03
(↑↑) / 0.03
(**) / 0.10
(*↓)
Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) / 0.01
(↑↑) / 0.01
(↑↑) / 0.32
(↓↓) / 0.01
(=*)
Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 / 0.04
(↓*) / (↑↑) / 0.13
(↑↓)
Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911 / (↑↑) / 0.09
(↓↓) / 0.01
(↑*) / 0.17
(↑↓) / 0.03
(**)
Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 / (↑*) / 0.15
(↑↓) / 0.07
(↓*) / 0.01
(=*) / 0.02
(↓*)
S. insculpta (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) / (*↑) / (*↑) / 0.20
(↑*)
M. intermedia Eigenmann, 1908 / 0.02
(↓*) / 0.27
(↓↓)
Pterygoplichthys anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 / 0.01
(↑*) / (↑*) / 0.11
(↑*) / 0.03
(*↑) / 0.07
(**)
Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) / 0.03
(↑*) / (↑↑)
Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837 / (↑*) / 0.02
(**) / (↑*) / 0.01
(↑*) / 0.10
(↓*) / 0.03
(**)
Pimelodella sp. / (↑*) / 0.03
(**)
Crenicichla niederleinii (Holmberg, 1891) / 0.01
(↑*) / 0.01
(↑*)
Characidium sp. / (*↑)
Astronotus crassipinnis (Heckel, 1840) / 0.07
(↓↓)
Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) / 0.03
(**) / 0.03
(**) / (↑*) / 0.01
(=*)
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) / 0.02
(**) / 0.02
(**) / (*↑)
Eigenmannia trilineata López & Castello, 1966 / 0.02
(**) / 0.01
(↑*)
Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 / 0.10
(**)
Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840) / 0.01 (↑*) / 0.03 (**)
Aphyocharax sp. / 0.01
(↑*)
Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Lütken, 1875) / (↑*) / (*↑)
Rhamphichthys hahni (Meinken, 1937) / 0.01
(=*)
C. britskii Kullander, 1982 / 0.03
(**)
Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 / 0.03
(**)
Hyphessobrycon sp. / (*↑)
Serrapinus sp. 1 / 0.03
(**)
Characidium aff. zebra Eigenmann, 1909 / (↑*)
S. maculatus Kner, 1858 / (*↑)