Appendix 1: Complete list of all symbols, their definition, category and unit.

symbol / definition / unit/categories / number of values
Indices
t / time / day / 1
s / species / Ma, Th / 2
i / stage/status / Ma: egg, 1st instar, 2nd instar, pupa, adult (dispersion towards woods), overwintering, feeding, egglaying
Th: immature, adult, feeding, egglaying / 12
a,b,c / grid cell
til / agronomical condition / tillage, no tillage / 2
d / distance
h / habitat / grassland, woodland, oilseed rape, turnip rape, other crops / 5
State variables
N ts / abundance / individuals /cell / 2
ST / sum of thermal time / °C.day / 1
H / healthy Ma larvae / individuals /cell / 1
P / parasitized larvae / individuals /cell / 1
Parameters
θs / thermal threshold for activity / °C or °C.day / 2
δ s,i / stage duration / day / 12
/ survival probability of non-dispersing stages to the next stage, under the conditions til / - / 7
ωs,i / perception window / m / 2
αhs,i / relative attractivity of habitat h / 0,1 or 17 (depending on habitats and stages) / 3
βs,i / decline of attractivity as a function of distance for dispersing stages / m-1 / 4
τs,i / survival as a function of distance flown / m-1 / 2
φ / daily fecundity of Ma / eggs/adult Ma/day / 1
ρ / daily fecundity of Th / eggs/adult Th/day / 1

Appendix 2: Complete list of all symbols, their definition, category and unit.

Parameter / Parameter value / Reference
Pest
Demographic parameters
N0Ma / 200 / (Rusch et al. 2011)
θ Ma / 15 / (Nilsson 1988a)
π Ma, winter / 0.7 / (Cook et al. 2004)
π Ma, egg / 0.9 / (Cook et al. 2004)
π Ma, l1 / 0.8 / (Cook et al. 2004)
π Ma, l2 / 0.5 / (Cook et al. 2004)
π Ma, pupa / 0.7 / (Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, egg / 8 / (Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, l1 / 5 / (Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, l2 / 6 / (Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, pupa / 10 / (Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, adult / 60 / (Cook et al. 2004)
φ Ma / 5 / (Nilsson 1988b)
Dispersal parameters
δ Ma, feeding / 14 / (Cook et al. 2004)
δ Ma, egglaying / 2 / (Cook et al. 2004)
τ Ma / 0.999 / -
β Ma / 1 / (Taimr et al. 1967)
ω Ma, adult / 300 / (Rusch et al. 2011)
ω Ma, feeding / 9600 / (Rusch et al. 2011)
Parasitoid
Demographic parameters
N0 / 400 / -
θ Th, immature / 70 / (Jourdheuil 1960)
π Th, immature, NT / 0.2 / (Herrström 1964)
π Th, immature, ploughing / 0.0 / (Nilsson 2010)
δ Th, immature / 0.5 / (Jourdheuil 1960)
δ Th, adult / 50 / (Jourdheuil 1960)
ρ Th / 250 / -
Dispersal parameters
δ Th, feeding / 8 / -
δTh, egglaying / 1 / -
τ Th / 0.999 / -
β Th / 3 / -
ω Th, adult / 500 / (Rusch et al. 2011)
ω Th, feeding / 1750 / (Rusch et al. 2011)

References

Cook, S., Murray, D., & Williams, I. 2004. Do pollen beetles need pollen? The effect of pollen on oviposition, survival, and development of a flower-feeding herbivore.Ecological Entomology, 29, 164-173.

Herrström, G. 1964. UntersuchungenüberParasiten von Ölfruchtschädlingen in Sweden. Meddn. StVäxtskAnst., 12, 433-448.

Jourdheuil, P. 1960. Influence de quelques facteurs écologiques sur les fluctuations de population d’une biocénose parasitaire. Paris, France: INRA.

Nilsson, C. 1988a. The pollen beetle (Meligethesaeneus F.) in winter and spring rape at Alnarp 1976-1978. I. Migration and Sex Ratio. Växtskyddsnotiser,

Nilsson, C. 1988b. The pollen beetle (Meligethesaeneus F.) in winter and spring rape at Alnarp 1976-1978. II. Oviposition. Växtskyddsnotiser,

Nilsson, C. 2010. Impact of soil tillage on parasitoids of oilseed rape pests. In: Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests, (Ed. by I. Williams), pp. 45-76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Rusch, A., Valantin-Morison, M., Sarthou, J.-P., & Roger-Estrade, J. 2011. Multi-scale effects of landscape complexity and crop management on pollen beetle parasitism rate. Landscape Ecology, 26, 473-486.

Taimr, L., Sedivy, J., Bergmannova, E., & Hanker, I. 1967. Further experience obtained in studies on dispersal flights of Meligethesaeneus F., marked with P32 (Coleoptera). ActaEntomolBohemos, 64, 325-332.