AP World History Unit 5 Test: c. 1750 – c. 1900 CLASS SET #: ______
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.
1. What is the traditional interpretation of why steam power was applied in Great Britain first?
(A) British merchants imported more guns.
(B) British industries employed engineers willing to experiment with new ideas.
(C) The British patent system restricted financial rewards to inventors.
(D) British law required that only nobles were allowed to participate in government decisions.
2. What did the economist Adam Smith propose in the Wealth of Nations (1776)?
(A) The government should refrain from interfering in business.
(B) The government should regulate the hours and conditions of workers in factories.
(C) The government has a major stake in business, and should take over failing businesses.
(D) The government should encourage the continuation of the Atlantic slave trade.
3. How did 19th century industrialization affect social structures in industrialized countries?
(A) The middle class expanded and profited from industrialization.
(B) The laboring classes became totally urbanized as few jobs were left in agriculture.
(C) The aristocracy gave up its domination of the commercial sectors of the economy.
(D) The middle class benefited the least from industrialization.
4. How did the number of consumers increase during the Industrial Revolution?
(A) The number of people investing their profits back into small farms increased.
(B) The number of people earning wages in urban areas increased.
(C) The number of people migrating to less-industrialized areas increased.
(D) The number of people earning the right to vote increased.
5. What food was most responsible for boosting population increase in Europe by 1800?
(A) rice (B) barley (C) potatoes (D) wheat
6. The European Enlightenment was the intellectual movement in which
(A) the natural laws discovered in the Scientific Revolution were applied to human society.
(B) the ideas of the French revolution were applied to society.
(C) the methods and ideology of the Protestant Reformation were applied to society.
(D) the ideas of the Renaissance were applied to society.
7. One of the most radical ideas established in the European Enlightenment era was that
(A) governments could not impose unwanted taxes.
(B) government’s authority rested on the consent of the governed.
(C) governments must impose mercantilism on every colony it controls.
(D) governments were responsible for controlling business.
8. Women disseminated new political ideas in Europe by
a.purchasing and discussing books only written by women.
b.refusing to contribute commentaries on current political trends.
c.bringing together philosophers in salons in their homes.
d.helping to shut down coffee houses frequented by their husbands.
9. Which of the following developments in the Western Hemisphere most directly resulted from the French Revolution?
a. The expansion of the slave trade in the Americas.
b.The extension of the plantation economy into the Caribbean.
c.The creation of the first independent Black nation-state in the Americas.
d.The colonization of Brazil.
10. What was the impact of the success of the Haitian independence movement on Latin America?
a.It served as a model for national independence movements throughout South and Central America.
b.It demonstrated the power of Creole elites in leading revolutionary movements.
c.It led immediately to a general abolition of slavery throughout Latin America.
d.It prevented other social movements to be formed.
11. Which of the following statements is true of the American, French, Latin American and Haitian revolutions?
a.They did not create lasting forms of representative democracy.
b.They challenged the enduring value of absolute monarchy.
c.They all undermined the power of the Catholic Church.
d.They were peasant revolutions that extended political rights to all citizens.
12. What was John Locke’s belief about government?
- If rulers were unjust, they should be overthrown.
- A ruler should be absolute, but enlightened.
- Power came from divine right.
- A ruler should not have to listen to the people.
13. Which group carried the greatest tax burden under absolutist or colonial governments?
A. the nobles
B. the Catholicchurch
C. the slaves
D. the urban professionals and tenant farmers
14.Saint Domingue was most important to France because
a.of the large numbers of Frenchmen on the island.
b.it was the French military outpost in the Americas.
c.it generated most of French foreign trade.
d.it was the last part of France's overseas empire.
15. What did Simon Bolivar, ToussaintL’ouverture, and George Washington share in common?
a.They all disagreed with the use of coercive power by absolutist governments.
b.They all encouraged the use of representative elections.
c.They all fought for the independence of their countries in the Americas.
d.They all believed in inherited privilege.
16. Middle class women in Europe prior to the British Industrial Revolution actively partnered with their merchant husbands, but after 1800 many of these women
(A) had little expertise to offer for the new direction of international business.
(B) gained new roles in accounting and banking fields that excluded their husbands.
(C) withdrew from public view to focus on expanded domestic duties.
(D) entered the work force in decreasing numbers before they married.
17. Which of the following principles were included in the Napoleonic Codes?
- All men were equal before the law.
- People were not free to worship as they chose.
- The government was not required to protect individual’s rights.
- Women can determine their own citizenship.
18. Which phrase inspired slaves of African heritage to revolt in Haiti?
A. “time is money”C. “liberty, equality, fraternity”
B. “dare to know”D. “laissez faire”
19. Why was the invention of the steam engine a turning point for the Industrial Revolution?
A. Steam power prompted the Enclosure Acts.
B. The internal combustion engine was replaced.
C. Crop rotation methods were improved.
D. Productivity increased.
20. Why did child labor become an issue in Great Britain in the early nineteenth century?
- Children younger than six were working on their family farms.
- Children were forced by factory owners to attend school three days a week.
- Children and their parents worked together in sanitary factories.
- Children worked more than fourteen hours a day and were often beaten.
21. How did the English Bill of Rights affect the power of Queen Mary and King William?
- It gave them expanded territory in France and Holland.
- It required that they follow the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
- It decreased their control of their college in Virginia.
- It limited their power to tax, judge their subjects, and control Parliament.
22. When Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote that “men are born free but everywhere are in chains,” what did he mean by “chains?”
A. caste system in India
B. the new steam machines
C. any social class system
D. slavery in the colonies
23. In 1791 when Olympe de Gouge said to women “discover your rights,” what document was she suggesting women use to find their rights?
A. theMagna Carta
B. theEmancipation Proclamation
C. theNew Testament
D. theFrench Declaration of the Rights of Man
24. Constitutionalism is a theory of government that
(A) specified limits to rulers' power.
(B) elected rulers with absolute power.
(C) insisted that all citizens be given equal rights.
(D) did not allow a monarchy.
25. The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following characteristics?
(A) Limitation of civil rights to a minority of the population.
(B) Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands.
(C) Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states.
(D) The desire of a majority of revolutionary leaders to create a politically united hemisphere.
26. Why did Abbe Gregoire (1750-1831), a parish priest and deputy to the French National Assembly from the clergy of Lorraine, write the following in 1789?
The people of color being equal in everything to the whites, one will surely not ask if they should be active in legislation and send deputies to the National Assembly. Subjected to the laws and to taxation, citizens must consent to the one and the other, without which they can refuse obedience and payment. If someone could claim to possess to a higher degree this right that is equal for everyone, it would be without doubt those who, having been more afflicted by long and multiple vexations, have more complaints to lodge.
a. He wanted to highlight the need for free blacks in the French colonies to have the protection of political rights.
b. He used the example of people of color in St. Domingue to scare the delegates in the National Assembly away from giving Jews political rights in France.
c. He foresaw the plight of the new nation of Haiti not being recognized by other nations.
d. He needed to demonstrate to his parishioners his empathy for those less fortunate, so they wouldn’t send him to the guillotine.
27. The main goal of imperialism in the nineteenth century was to
a. stop the spread of Christianity
b. dominate trade networks
c. spread democratic ideals
d. protect citizens overseas
28. The British East India Company transformed the Indian economy by
a. destroying Indian plantations that mostly employed women.
b. expanding agricultural production of export crops and decreasing industrial output.
c. encouraging the poorest men in South Asia to take jobs as sepoys.
d. expanding paid work opportunities for elite Mughal women.
29. Why did the British and French militaries aid the Ottomans in the Crimean War?
(A) to protect the Eastern Orthodox Christians in Palestine.
(B) to prevent the Russian empire from expanding into the Mediterranean region.
(C) to tighten Ottoman control over the provincial governor in Egypt.
(D) to bring equal protection under the law to foreign citizens in Constantinople.
30. Why was the Sepoy Rebellion a turning point in the history of India?
a. The British were finally rebuffed and withdrew from Indian territory.
b. The sepoys successfully pushed the British out of Bengal.
c. The British government then governed South Asia directly.
d. It inspired the development of new weapons that did not require gunpowder.
31. Despite the fact that Egypt’s 19th century modernization made it the strongest state in the Islamic world,
a. The Egyptian government fell into debt to European banks.
b. The Egyptian government could not compete with the Sokoto caliphate.
c. The Egyptian military lost many battles in Algeria.
d. The Egyptian printing industries were never up to European standards.
32. What was a major effect of the Berlin Act of 1885 in Africa?
a. Rivalries among European countries increased only in northern Africa.
b. Free trade attracted more foreigners to Africa.
c. The Germans failed to gain any African colonies.
d. King Leopold II modeled humanitarian values toward Africans.
33. At the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, Europeans agreed that
(A) the eastern region of Africa was off-limits.
(B) new slave trade routes could be created in southern Africa where missionaries were less active.
(C) Africans should be included in colonial administrations in French territories.
(D) European colonists must reside in the African territory claimed by their governments.
34. Europeans controlled equatorial Africa by all of the following EXCEPT
a. selling concessions to private companies.
b. creating colonial governments staffed solely by Europeans.
c. insisting that taxes be paid in cash crops or European currencies.
d. offering incentives to local rulers to collect taxes and raise armies.
35. Why did some Sub-Saharan African women welcome European colonial rule in the late 19th century?
(A) slave trading and slavery ended.
(B) women benefited more from the economic changes.
(C) women received more property rights.
(D) nursing and domestic service jobs went only to women.
36. Which of the following groups successfully resisted Western colonization in the 19th century?
(A) Ethiopians and Japanese.
(B) Ibo and Swazi.
(C) Angolans and Cubans.
(D) Malays and Filipinos.
37. What key technological advantages did European and United States militaries have over their nineteenth century adversaries in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East?
a. rapid-fire guns, steam power, and telegraphs
b. pencils, metal-plated boats, and cameras
c. hoop skirts, corsets, and bowler hats
d. hospitals, quinine, and rubber
38. Which factor contributed the most to significant growth in worldwide population between 1750 and 1914?
a. increase in epidemic disease
b. stability of food supply
c. decrease of land under cultivation
d. increase in infant mortality rates
39. In the nineteenth-century imperialism offered European and American women opportunities as
a. wives for elite indigenous men.
b. missionaries, teachers, nurses, and social reformers
c. miners and industrial workers
d. colonial officers and administrators
40. What was an outcome of the Opium Wars between the Qing and British militaries?
a. China’s economy was closed to foreigners.
b. The Manchus were overthrown by the Taiping Rebellion.
c. The Boxer Rebellion finally removed all foreign control over Chinese ports.
d. Chinese port cities were opened to foreign merchants.
41. The Taiping Rebellion in China revealed that
a. the Qing dynasty had regained its centralized control.
b. the Qing military was dependent on Western military aid.
c. the Qing could resist giving provincial civil and military governors more power.
d. the environmental degradation from population growth had stopped.
42. The Boxer Rebellion was a series of riots
a. encouraged by Qing officials against foreigners in China.
b. that rid China of Japanese military pressures.
c. that placed Japan under direct military control.
d. discouraged by Qing officials worried about Korean nationalism.
Read the following quote by the French official Jules Ferry (1880) and then answer question #43
“All industrial countries under the necessity of finding markets are expanding in Africa and Asia. It is not true that France is weakening her resources in going also. She is strong now and that is why she can go and take her place again as a great power . . .”
43. How does Jules Ferry defend French imperialism?
A. He argues that France must take over territory overseas to regain strength as a nation-state.
B. He implies that French nationalism is totally dependent on French imperialism.
C. He suggests that French imperialism will renew France’s economic position relative to other European nation-states.
D. He insists that French imperialism is necessary for the re-industrialization of France after the Franco-Prussian war of 1870.
44. Leaders of Meiji Japan planned to remain free from Western imperial control by
a. negotiating with Western diplomats to concede parts of Japan’s outer islands.
b. restricting Western access to Japan.
c. keeping out all foreign influences.
d. becoming an equal industrial power.
45. As a result of Western imperialism in Africa and Southeast Asia, Muslim converts
a. continued to expand in numbers and influence over governments.
b. became splintered when some Muslim rulers sought to limit the power of the ulama.
c. came under intense attack by Western missionaries.
d. shrank dramatically until an Islamic revival after the 1970s.
'Whites have clearly come out top...in the struggle for existence...Within the white race, the English-speaking man has proved himself to be the most likely instrument of the Divine plan to spread Justice, Liberty, and Peace over the widest possible area of the planet. Therefore I shall devote the rest of my life to God's purpose and help him to make the world English." Cecil John Rhodes, founder of Rhodesia — November 1893
46. Which nineteenth century philosophy was Rhodes employing?
(A) Marxism
(B) Liberalism
(C) Industrialism
(D) Social Darwinism
47. What key technological advantage does this Japanese print show about the nineteenth century United States navy?
a. steam power b. wheels c. rigging for sails d. quinine
- How did the event shown in the print lead to Japanese imperialism by the Meiji government?
- They attacked Pearl Harbor.
- They built their own modern navy.
- They made an alliance with the Qing dynasty.
- They prevented foreigners from doing business in Japan.
49. Read the two quotes and then answer the question below.
Quote #1:
“….The peasants now bound to the soil shall, within the term fixed by the law, be vested with the full rights of freemen. (….)” -- 1861 Declaration by the Russian Czar Alexander II
Quote #2:
“… all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free;….” -- 1863 Emancipation Proclamation by the U.S. President Lincoln
What can historians conclude from the evidence in both quotes?
A. Both the USA and Russia had balanced representative governments.
B. Both the USA and Russia were in the midst of civil wars.
C. Both the USA and Russia emphasized the legal responsibilities of freed peoples.
D. Both the USA and Russia recognized the natural rights to life and liberty.
50. The early 19th century reforms of the Ottoman Empire came in response to:
a. military victories over Serbia and Persia
b. the success of tax farming in producing adequate revenue for the central government
c. the lack of corruption among the provincial governors and Janissary corps
d. Persian military demands