AP US -- Mighty Review Guide

Exploration:

1)  Account for the reasons and developments in Europe that resulted in the discovery of America. Consider the circumstances and methods they used.

2)  From 1600-1763, several European nations vied for control of the North American continent. Why did England win the struggle?

3)  Discuss the qualities and significance of the Columbian exchange.

Native-Americans Magellan Columbus Treaty of Tordesillas

Renaissance Crusades conquistadores encomienda

17th Century:

Colonial Settlements:

Jamestown (John Smith) Plymouth (William Bradford) Mass Bay (Winthrop, Mather)

Maryland (Lord Baltimore) Rhode Island (Williams, Hutchinson) New Amsterdam

Carolinas (John Locke) Pennsylvania (William Penn)

You should be able to ID: the leaders, religious beliefs, relations with Native Americans, labor systems, successes and failures, and influence of economic structure/beliefs.

Early Slave Trade

Middle Passage Triangular Trade Growth of Slavery (causes/effects) Stono Rebellion

Sources of Tension in Colonial Society:

Bacon’s Rebellion Glorious Revolution (Edwards, Whitfield) Leisler’s Rebellion

King Philip’s War Salem Witch Trials

18th Century Colonial:

1)  How did the intents and qualities of French, Spanish, and English colonies in North America differ from one another?

2)  In what ways do we see differences emerge between the Northern and Southern colonies? What are the reasons for these diverging paths?

3)  How does the status of women become more clearly defined as the century progresses?

4)  What was the message and impact of the First Great Awakening? (1720-1760)

Representative Assemblies:

---To what degree did colonial governments begin to develop distinctly “American” characteristics?

Mayflower Compact House of Burgesses Fund. Orders of Ct. nature of colonial assemblies impact of salutary neglect Whig ideology John Peter Zenger (free press)

Road to Revolution (1754-1776):

Seven Years War (French/Indian War)

causes? Albany Plan Role of native Americans Treaty of Paris (1763) Effects?

End of Salutary neglect:

Proclamation Line of 1763, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Acts, Boston massacre, Tea Act,

Intolerable (Coercive) Acts, Lexington and Concord

American Responses:

Stamp Act Congress, Sons of Liberty, Committees of Correspondence, Boston Tea party, 1st Cont. Congress, Olive

Branch Petition, Common Sense, Decl. of Independence

Key Figures:

Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Ben Franklin, George Washington

American Revolution (1776-1783):

Key Battles:

Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, Saratoga, Yorktown, Treaty of Paris

Leaders/Groups:

Washington, Whigs, Tories, King George III, Lord Cornwallis

Creating a New Nation (1781-1789):

Articles of Confederation:

--What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

(Northwest Ordinance, Shays’s Rebellion, Mt Vernon Conference, Annapolis Convention)

Constitution:

Phila. Convention Madison Hamilton Paterson Sherman Va. Plan NJ Plan Great Comp.

3/5 Comp. federalism Separation of powers Federalists

Anti-Federalists Federalist papers Abigail Adams

George Washington’s Presidency (1789-1797):

Federalist Rule Bill of Rights National Bank Whiskey Rebellion

French Revolution Citizen Genet Jay’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty

Farewell Address

John Adam’s Presidency (1797-1801):

Federalist vs. Republicans XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts KY and VA Resolutions

Midnight Appointments

Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency (1801-1809):

Republican Principles (agrarian vision, strict interpretation, state power)

Revolution of 1800 Marbury v. Madison Haiti Slave Revolt La. Purchase

Lewis and Clark Burr/Hamilton duel

Foreign policy (Barbary Pirates, Peaceable Coercion (Embargo Act, Non-Intercourse Act, Macon’s Bill No. 2))

James Madison’s Presidency (1809-1817):

--Virginia Dynasty; Evolution of D-R party (2nd Bank of the US, Tariff, Internal improvements)

War of 1812:

--causes? effects?

--Battles (Fort McHenry, Washington D.C., New Orleans, Treaty of Ghent)

--War Hawks (Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun)

--Hartford Convention

--Native American Relations (Tecumseh, Tippecanoe and Fallen Timbers)

James Monroe’s Presidency (1817-1825):

Era of Good Feelings Missouri Comp. Panic of 1819 American System (Clay)

John Marshall’s Supreme Court

Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Fletcher v. Peck

Gibbons v. Ogden Dartmouth v. Woodward Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Worcester v. Georgia

Growth of Industry (18th Century):

--Canals (Erie), national roads, railroads, steam power

--Eli Whitney Interchangeable Parts and Cotton Gin—impact on South and slavery

--Lowell Mills

Slavery and Response to the Institution (18th Century)

--Slave Importation Stopped in 1808

--Toussaint L’Ouverture, Prosser’s Rebellion, Vesey’s Rebellion, Nat Turner’s Rebellion

--25% slave owning population; experiences of Solomon Northrop

--justifications for slavery, work patterns, daily life, means of protest

--Abolitionism: Frederick Douglass (North Star), Grimke Sisters, Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, John Brown,

Garrison (The Liberator), Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)

Jacksonian Era (1829-40):

Political Policies

--frustrations of “corrupt bargain”; emergence of the Democrat party (state’s rights, low tariff, individual freedom)

--Common Man v. King: attack against privilege, use of veto, national bank, Maysville Road, spoils system, Tariff of

Abominations, SC Exposition and Protest, Webster-Hayne Debate, Trail of Tears,

Response to Supreme Court

--Whig Party emerges (reincarnation of Federalist Party, Clay, Webster, Calhoun (more anti-Jackson))

--Martin van Buren—panic of 1837, specie circular

--Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge—Taney supports competition

--Alexis de Tocqueville — Democracy in America (Ideas? Accuracy?)

Reform Movements

--2nd Great Awakening, Transcendentalism (Emerson, Thoreau), Utopian Societies (Shakers, Oneida, Brook Farm,

New Harmony), Mormon Church (Young, Smith), Temperance, Prison, Women’s Rights (Seneca Falls Convention,

Mott, Stanton), Education (Mann)

Westward Expansion (1840-1850):

--Manifest Destiny (O’Sullivan)

--Donner Party, life on the trail, obstacles and intents

--Annexation of Texas

--Polk’s Administrations:

--Election of 1844, “54’ 40 or fight”

--Mexican-American War

--Causes? Support? Opposition (Lincoln, Thoreau)

--Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848); Mexican Cession

--California Gold Rush

--tension with native Americans (Fort Laramie Council)

--Overall impact of expansion?

Prelude to the Civil War (1850-1860):

-- Gadsen Purchase, Wilmot Proviso, free soil ideology, popular sovereignty

-- Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Ostend Manifesto, Bleeding Kansas (John Brown’s Massacre, caning

of Charles Sumner, LeCompton Constitution), Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Dred Scott v. Sandford, Lincoln-Douglas Debates

(Freeport Doctrine), John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry

-- Election of 1860, Secession of SC, formation of the CSA, Fort Sumter, final secession

The Civil War (1861-1865):

--Union Leaders (Lincoln, Grant, Sherman, McClellan); Confederacy (Davis, Lee, Jackson)

--Role of the Border States, suspension of liberties, Draft Riots, Copperheads

--strengths and weaknesses of each side

--Emancipation Proclamation (purpose and impact)

--54th Massachusetts, role of African-Americans in the war, role of women in the war

--Political Impact: Pacific RR Bill, re-charter of the National Bank, Homestead Act, Morrill Land Grant Act

--Economic impact of the war on N and S; foundation of Industrial Revolution

--Election of 1864, assassination of Lincoln

Reconstruction (1865-1877):

--Lincoln’s Plan, Johnson’s Plan, Radical Republican Plan (Stevens, Sumner): differences?

--status of former slaves (13th-15th Amendments, Freedmen’s Bureau, tenant farming, crop lien system)

--successes and failures of reconstruction: be able to evaluate

--restoration of white leadership and the KKK

--corruption of Grant’s presidency

--presidential election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877; End of Reconstruction

Presidents:

George Washington 1789-1797 None?

John Adams 1797-1801 Federalist

Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 Dem-Republican

James Madison 1809-1817 Dem-Republican

James Monroe 1817-1825 Dem-Republican

John Quincy Adams 1825-1829 Dem-Republican

Andrew Jackson 1829-1837 Democrat

Martin van Buren 1837-1841 Democrat

William Henry Harrison 1841 Whig

John Tyler 1841-1845 Democrat

James K. Polk 1845-1849 Democrat

Zachary Taylor 1849- 1850 Whig

Millard Fillmore 1850-1853 Whig

Franklin Pierce 1853-1857 Democrat

James Buchanan 1857-1861 Democrat

Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865 Republican

Andrew Johnson 1865-1869 Democrat

Ulysses S. Grant 1869-1877 Republican

Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881 Republican

Extra Significant Elections: 1789, 1800, 1828, 1840, 1860, 1876

Major Themes: (Focus on cause/effect relationships)

1)  Status of women/African-Americans/Native-Americans over time

2)  Foundations of and changes in foreign policy

3)  Evolution of federalism: Articles of Confederation to Constitution and beyond (federal vs. states rights)

4)  Expansion of presidential powers

5)  Development and changes in the party system and role of third parties

6)  Motives of urbanization and western movement and its impact

7)  Meaning of "democracy" or what it means to be "American"

8)  intellectual/religious movements and their impact on society

9)  regional (sectional) characteristics/differences and their impact on p/s/e unity

10)  Reform: goals of reform movements and how they are a reflection of American society at that time

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