AP BIOLOGY
Unit 3 Objectives: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
At the conclusion of this unit, you should be able to:
1Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition and give examples of organisms that use each.
2Identify the type of organism that first carried out photosynthesis; its role in oxygenating the atmosphere and link to photosynthesis in eukaryotic organisms.
3Describe the location of a chloroplast within a plant AND the structure of an individual chloroplast (include: grana, stroma, thylakoid, photosystem, mesophyll cell and leaf in your description).
4Write the summary equation for photosynthesis and explain the role of REDOX reactions in photosynthesis.
5Describe the role of chlorophyll and other pigments in the transfer of energy during photosynthesis.
6List the components of a photosystem and identify their location within the chloroplast.
7Explain how the structure of a chloroplast is essential to its function in photosynthesis. Be as specific as possible.
8Briefly summarize the light reactions and the carbon-fixing reactions of the Calvin-Benson cycle and identify the cellular location for each.
9Describe the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin-Benson Cycle.
10Describe how the rate of photosynthesis is impacted by environmental conditions.
11Describe the fate of photosynthetic products (including sugars, oxygen and water).
12Describe the structure and function of ATP and explain the ADP/ATP cycle.
13Describe the role of respiration in the cell’s energy cycle.
14Write the summary equation of cellular respiration and explain the role of REDOX in metabolism (cellular respiration).
15Describe how the catabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates relates to cellular respiration.
16Draw/describe the structure of a mitochondrion and relate its structure to its role in energy capture and transformation.
17Identify the general reactants and products of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain and identify the cellular location for each process.
18Describe the role of FAD and NAD in the process of respiration and identify the steps they are involved in.
19Compare the efficiency of substrate-level phosphorylation to oxidative phosphorylation and describe the process of chemiosmosis explaining how it contributes to oxidative phosphorylation.
20Describe the role of oxygen in cellular respiration and explain how its consumption can be used to measure the rate of cellular respiration.
21Compare ATP production during glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and electron transport.
22Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration (fermentation) including: oxygen usage, end products, ATP production and types of organisms/cells employing each.