AP SUMMER WORK 2012. Answer each of these questions in complete sentences. All work must be typed. Refer to the directions.Note for chapter 6: Most of you already did this assignment. Just submit the assignmentyou already completed.
Chapter 1 Text Book Questions
African Genesis (p.5)
1) What book did Charles Darwin write? (p.5) What is natural selection? (p.6)
2) Where did Ray Dart believe that human life originated? Why?
3) Who were the Leakeys? Where did they work? What did they find?
4) When did the Great Ice Age end? (p.7)
5) Refer to the map on page 8. Where did human life originate according to this map?
(Observe how human life made it to each continent).
History and Culture in the Stone Age (p.11)
1) What are the two major periods of the Stone Age? Approximately when did the Neolithic era
begin?
2) What are foragers?
3) What roles did women play in the Ice Age?
4) What did men do?
5) What did Paleolithic cave art show?
6) What is culture? Which cultural foundations were laid in the Stone Age?
7) Refer to page 15. How did the “Iceman” shown in the picture adapt to his climate?
The Agricultural Revolutions (p.17)
1) How did stone tools help the development of agriculture?
2) How did animal domestication help the development of agriculture?
3) How were nomadic pastoralists different than regular nomads?
4) What gradually replaced foraging?
5) Why was Stonehenge significant? (See the picture and caption on page 23).
Chapter 2 Text Book Questions. Answer each of these questions in complete sentences. All work must be typed.
Mesopotamia (p.29)
1) What does Mesopotamia mean? Where is it located? Why was it important? (p.29)
2) Refer to map on page 30. State which rivers flowed through Mesopotamia? Which river
is located in a valley in Pakistan? (See the caption under the picture).
3) What was the Epic of Gilgamesh? Why was it important? (p.34)
4) Who was Hammurabi? Significance?
5) What do anthropologists believe happened to women’s social standing in Mesopotamia
during the Neoltihic Revolution?
6) On which number was the Sumerian/Mesopotamian math system based? What impact did
this have? (p.40)
7) Were the floods of the Tigris and Euphrates generally predictable? How did this affect their
world view?
Egypt (p.40)
1) Was the flooding of the Nile generally predictable? How did this affect the Egyptian
world view?
2) Define pharoah.Define ma’at.
4) Technology: What was the function of pyramids?
5) What is a bureaucracy? What is its purpose?
6) Where was Nubia? (p.41) Which precious metal did it contain?
7) Egypt was heterogeneous. What does this mean?
8) Describe the role, status and privileges of Egyptian women.
IndusValley Civilization (p.48)
1) Where is the IndusRiver?
2) Which two ancient cities developed on the Indus?
3) Describe the key features of these cities.
4) Why were cities abandoned after 1900 BCE?
5) What caused the demise of the HakraRiver civilization?
Chapter 3 Text Book Questions. Answer each of these questions in complete sentences. All work must be typed.
Early China (p.55)
1) Give three specific examples of geographic isolation in China. (p.56)
2) Name two great river systems in China. (The Xi in the south is a third). (p.57)
3) What is loess? (p.58)
4) How were agricultural patterns in northern China different than those in the south? (p.58)
5) Which metal was developed in Shang China circa 2000 BCE?
6) What is divination? How was it used?
7) List the technological innovations of Shang China.
8) Which dynasty replaced the Shang? Which concept did they use to justify the overthrow of
the Shang?
9) Name the three Chinese philosophies that occurred emerged the Zhou period
10) What was legalism?
11) What are the key features of Confucianism? (Review the Five Relationships and their
political and social impact).
12) What are the key points of Daoism? (Especially Yin and Yang).
Nubia (p.69)
1) Where was Nubia? What was its central geographic feature?
2) Who were the Kush? What did they develop?
The Aegean World (p.73)
1) Where is the Aegean Sea located?
2) What skills made long distance trade possible for the Minoans and Mycenaeans?
(p. 76 second column)
3) What does the fresco on page 77 show?
Conclusion (p.79)
1) Why was the acquisition of bronze weapons a priority for the elite classes?
2) How was bronze used?
3) What led to the fall of Late Bronze Age Civilizations?
Note: You will have to know that the Bronze Age ended the Neolithic Era, and the Iron Age
ended the Bronze Age.
Chapter 4 questions. Answer each of these questions in a complete sentence. All work must be typed.
First Civilizations of the Americas (p.86)
1)Refer to the map on page 88. Where were the Olmec located? Where were the Chavin
Located?
2)Refer to the picture on page 89. Which civilization sculpted this giant stone head? Who does
it represent?
3)Who were the Chavin? Why were they important? (p.89)
Celtic Europe (p.91)
1)Refer to the map on page 91. Describe the spread of the Celtic people. Where were the early Celts located? Where did they spread to by 500 BCE? 300 BCE? 200 BCE?
2)Who were the Druids? What important roles did they play? (p.92)
The Assyrian Empire (p.93)
1)Refer to the map on page 94. Describe the extent of the Assyrian Empire from the tenth
century BCE to the seventh century BCE.
2)Define the term mass deportation. (p.95) Why did the Assyrians use mass deportation?
Israel (p.99)
1) What is the Hebrew Bible? Describe it. (p.99) Note: Christians call this the Old Testament.
2)Why did the Israelites flee to Egypt? (see the top of page 100).
3)What was written on the tablets that Moses received? What did these writings prohibit?
(p.100)
4)Define the term diaspora (p.102)
Phoenicia and the Mediterranean (p.103)
1)Which writing system did the Phoenicians develop? Why was it an important advance
As compared to cuneiform or hieroglyphics? (p.104)
2)Refer to the map on page 106. Where was Phoenicia located? What did Phoenicia
begin to do in the ninth century BCE.
3) Where was Carthage located and why was it important? (p.106)
Chapter 5 Text Book Questions. Answer each of these questions in a complete sentence. All work must be typed.
Ancient Iran (p.114)
1) Locate the country of Iran. Which ancient civilization developed in this region?
2) How was Persian society stratified (divided)? (see page 117 column 2).
3) What were satraps? Why were they important? (p.118)
4) How was Zoroastrianism, the main Persian religion, similar to Christianity? (p.121, first
column)
The Rise of the Greeks (p.121)
1) Describe the topography of Greece. What political effect did this have? What economic effect
did this have?
2) Which form of cultural diffusion was transferred from the Phoenicia to Greece?
3) What is a polis? Why did this become the dominant political structure in ancient Greece?
4) What does acropolis mean? What does agora mean?
5) Who could vote in ancient Greece?
6) Describe the main differences between Athens and Sparta. (p.129)
7) Who was Pericles? Why was he important?
The Struggle of Persia and Greece (p.130)
1) When were the Persian Wars? Who did Persia attack? What was the main result?
2) When did the classical period of ancient Greece begin?
3) Why was Socrates important? (p.133)
4) Briefly describe the achievements of Plato. (p.133)
5) In this course, slavery is referred to as coercive labor. Describe the role and treatment of
Greek slaves. (p.134)
6) Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? When? What was the result? (p.135)
7) What were the accomplishments of Alexander the Great? (p.136)
8) What is meant by the Hellenistic Age? Name the areas that became Hellenized. (p.137)
AP Chapter 6 Note: Most of you already did this assignment. Just submit the assignmentyou already completed.
Short response questions. Answer these questions in complete sentences.
Be sure to include supporting details.
ROME’S CREATION OF A MEDITERRANEAN EMPIRE
1) What contributed to Rome’s success in unifying Italy and all of the lands
ringing the Mediterranean Sea? [p.145]
1a) Refer to the map on page 146. Locate the present day countries of Spain,
France, Great Britain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Israel, and Egypt. You must
know these for the upcoming map quiz. This does NOT require a written response.
2) During the Roman Republic (507 BCE to 31 BCE), state where ‘sovereign
power’ resided. Explain why voting rights for men were not equal. [p.148]
3) Explain why the Roman Senate was the real center of political power in
Rome. (How long did senators serve? What were they the ‘repository’ of?) [p.148]
4) What was the patron/client relationship? What did patrons provide to their
clients? [p.149]
5) Give two reasons why Rome expanded. (What motivated consuls to encourage
warfare? Why did fear drive Roman expansion into new territories?) [p.149]
Questions 6-9 are based on the section titled The Failure of the Republic [pp.150-152]
6) While the soldier-farmers were away at war what happened to their self-sufficient
farms? Who took over these farms? Which “broad estates” replaced these farms?
7) Peasants who lost their farms had difficulty finding work in the countryside due to the
cheapness of slave labor. What happened to these peasants when they moved to
the city? Were they successful or unsuccessful? Explain. [p.151]
8) What was the period following the RomanRepublic called? [p.151]
9) Describe the achievements of Augustus (a.k.a. Octavian). Note: You may wish to
consult the website to get
a very concise answer. [also see p.151]
10) As an ‘urban empire’, Rome was primarily administered through a network of towns
and cities. Name several of these cities. [p.152]
11) What was the pax romana? What did it greatly enhance? [p.154]
12) The Rise of Christianity. Briefly explain how and where the apostle Paul spread
the Christian religion in the Roman Empire? [p.156]
13) Define the term aqueduct. Explain how aqueducts were constructed, where the
water traveled, and how the water traveled. [p.156]
14) Define the term third century crisis. [p.157] Explain the ‘devastating impact’ that
the third century crisishad on the Roman economy. [p.159]
15) Who was Constantine? Where did he move the imperial capital to?
(i.e. from Rome to ?) [p.159]
THE ORIGINS OF IMPERIAL CHINA
Refer to the chronology chart on page 147. Note that the Qin Dynasty lasted from 221 BCE to
206 BCE. It was succeeded by the Han Dynasty which lasted from 206 BCE to 220 CE.
1) Who was Shi Huangdi? What does his name mean?
2) Shi Huangdi was a totalitarian ruler who ruled by the principle of Legalism. Describe Legalism
and briefly explain how Shi Huangdi used it to rule the Qin Dynasty.
3) Give examples of ‘standardization’ that the Qin government developed in order to unify its
society. [p.164]
3a) The Long Reign of the Han. Key points: The Han capital was located in Chang’an (locate
this on page161). The Han ruled according to the Mandate of Heaven principle.This
does NOT require a written response.
4) Describe the role of the gentry (a.k.a scholar gentry). What did they do? Why were
they important? [p.166]
5) Technology and Trade. The use of bronze tools (and the corresponding bronze age)
began in China circa 1500 BCE. Iron was first used in China around 500 BCE.
Describe the Chinese method of producing iron tools and explain why it was more
advanced than the Roman method. [p.166]
6) Refer to the map on page 161. Name the trade that started in Chang’an and extended
westward. Note how the Han dynasty expanded along this road.
6a) China’s infrastructure was greatly enhanced by the construction of canals (see page 158).
The most spectacular canal is the Grand Canal (see
This does NOT require a written response.
IMPERIAL PARALLELS:Questions that compare and contrastRome and China
1) How were the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire similar in terms of agriculture?
[p.168; two sentences]
2) Explain how the problems of defense were similar for the Roman Empire and the
Han Dynasty. Describe how they responded to these problems. (What did they build?)
[p.169]
3) How were Roman rulers chosen? In contrast, how were Chinese rulers chosen?
[hint; Mandate of Heaven; see bottom of page169 onto page 170; 2-3 sentences].
4) Explain how armies and bureaucracies made the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty
strong and stable. Give details as to why they were effective. [p.170 top of column two;
2-3 sentences].
5) Answer this question after you have discussed it in class.
What led to the downfall of both the Roman and Han societies? Which society
eventually revived and restored its imperial tradition? Why do you think this happened?
(Hint: Think of how the Mandate of Heaven impacted Chinese thought).
Continue on to chapters 7 and 8.
Chapter 7 questions.Answer each of these questions in a complete sentence. All work must be typed.
Foundations of Indian Civilization (p.174)
1)Describe India’s geographic setting. List important mountains and rivers.
2)Define monsoons.
3)What was the period from 1500BCE to 500BCE known as?
4)What does Varna mean? What are the four main castes of Hinduism?
Which group is outside of this hierarchy? Draw the hierarchy.
5)Describe gender roles and status at this time.
6) Who was Siddhartha Gautama? What class was he born into? How did this
change? What religion did he start? What are its core beliefs? List them.
7) Define nirvana.
8) What are stupas? What are bodhisattvas?
9) What are main gods of Hinduism?
Imperial Expansion and Collapse (p.183)
1)When was the Mauryan empire? List its main achievements.
2)Explain the achievements of Ashoka.
3)When and why did the Mauyan Empire end?
4)When did the Gupta Empire come to power? When did it fall?
5)Describe the cultural growth under the Gupta.
6)Describe the Gupta’s government.
7)Explain the technological developments under the Gupta. What did scientists,
astronomers and mathematicians develop?
8) What was sati? (p.187 )
9) Describe the gender roles of higher status women.
10) Describe the Gupta trade routes. What served as a medium of exchange? (p.187)
Southeast Asia (p.190)
1) What are the three geographical zones of Southeast Asia?
2) Describe the climate of Southeast Asia.
3) Define the term swidden agriculture. When did people in this region start
practicing this method of farming?
4) Describe the impact of Hindu and Buddhist cultures on Southeast Asia.
5) Describe the monument at Borobodur which is shown on page 193.
Conclusion (read pages 194-195 and answer these questions)
1) Which factors led to the spread of Indian culture?
2)Which advanced technologies did India possess? In which area did India make
a profound contribution?
Chapter 8 Text Book Questions. Answer each of these questions in a complete sentence. All work must be typed.
The Silk Road (p.203)
1) Refer to the picture on page 205. Which animal did the Chinese breed to facilitate Silk Road
travel? Why did caravans often travel in the winter?
2) Which manufactured goods was China best known for? (p.205 last paragraph)
3) What was major impact of Silk Road trade? (p.206)
4) Which invention made riding easier? (p.206)
The Indian Ocean (p.207)
Note: IOMS means Indian Ocean Maritime System
1) What was the IOMS? Which lands did it embrace?
2) Contrast the differences between Mediterranean sailors and IOMS sailors.
3) In which direction does the summer and winter monsoons travel? What impact did this
have on trade?
Routes Across the Sahara (p.210)
1) By 1100 CE, what was transported over the trans-Saharan caravan routes?
2) What does Saharan cave art tell us about past civilizations in this region? What caused this
to change.
3) Scholars believe that camels came to the Sahara from ______.
4) What is the Sahel? (p.215)
5) Where was the kingdom of Ghana?
Note: Ghana means War Chief. Ghana became powerful due to the fact that it traded
gold for salt (from the north).
Sub-Saharan Africa (p.216)
1) What is sub-Saharan Africa? What are steppes? Savannas?
2) What are Great traditions?
3) What are Small traditions?
4) Note: Africa has over 1000 languages. What factors have caused this?
5) When did the Sahara turn dry? What demographic impact did this have?
6) Who were the Bantu? Where were they from? Where did they migrate to?
7) Which metal did the Bantu smelt?
Note new terms: push factor--when people migrate because they are forced from their
land; pull factor--people migrate in search of products of conquest
Spread of Ideas (p.219)
1)Where and how did Buddhism spread? Give at least two sentences. (top of p.220)
AP CHAPTER 9 questions THE SASANID EMPIRE & THE RISE OF ISLAM
Directions.Answer the questions to IIa, IIb, IIIa and IIIb in complete sentences. You do NOT have to answer the questions to Ia and Ib, but you need to know the information.
I) The Sasanid Empire: Iran & Central Asia (p.225)
- Politics and Society
- When did the Sasanid Empire come to power? (p.225) Third century in Iran.
- What was the Sasanid Empire the guardian of? The Silk road.
- Which empire was the foe (enemy) of the Sasanid Empire? The Byzantine Empire.
- Religion & Empire (p.228)
- What religion did the Sasanids practice? Zorsastrianism
- Name three religious groups that the Sasanids persecuted. Christians, Jews, and Buddhists
- Note: You must know that at this point religion became politicized. The conflicts between the Sasanids and the Eastern Orthodox Christians would be transformed into Muslim and Christian conflicts after the dawn of Islam.
II) The Origins of Islam