AP Psych Unit 4 Study Guide – States of consciousness
understanding consciousness and hypnosis
A. Defining Consciousness
»Terms to Know:
1. Consciousness
2. States of consciousness
B. Hypnosis
» Terms to Know:
3. Hypnosis
4. Posthypnotic suggestions
» 5. Do hypnotists hold magic mind control power? Why or why not?
» 6. Can anyone experience hypnosis?
» 7. Can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?
» 8. Can hypnosis force people to act against their will?
» 9. Can hypnosis be therapeutic?
C. Explaining the Hypnotized State
» Terms to Know:
10. Dissociation
2 Explanations for Hypnosis11. Hypnosis as Social Phenomenon
12. Hypnosis as Divided Consciousness
SLEEP PATTERNS AND SLEEP THEORIES
A. Biological Rhythms and Sleep
» Terms to Know:
13. Circadian Rhythm
»14. How do our biological rhythms influence our daily functioning?
B. Sleep Stages
» Terms to Know:
15. Sleep
16. REM sleep
17. Hallucinations
18. Alpha waves
19. Delta waves
20. Sleep spindles
» 21. About how long does it take for us to cycle through our 4 distinct sleep stages?
Stage of Sleep / Characteristics / Length22. Stage 1
23. Stage 2
24. Stage 3
25. Stage 4
26. REM sleep
» 27. How do biology and environment interact in our sleep patterns?
» 28. What role does the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) play in sleep?
C. Sleep Theories
» 29. What are sleep’s functions?
SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND SLEEP DISORDERS
A. Effects of Sleep Loss
» 30. How does sleep loss affect us?
» 31. How can lack of sleep lead to weight gain?
B. Major Sleep Disorders
Sleep Disorders / Characteristics/Effects on Person32. Insomnia
33. Narcolepsy
34. Night terrors
35. Sleepwalking/sleeptalking
DREAMS
A. What We Dream
» Terms to Know:
36. REM dreams
» 37. What are some common themes found in dreams?
B. Why We Dream
» Terms to Know:
38. Manifest content
39. Latent content
40. REM Rebound
»41. What are the functions of dreams?
Dream Theories42. Freud’s wish-fulfillment
43. Information-processing
44. Physiological function
45. Neural activation
46. Cognitive development
Psychoactive drugs
A. Tolerance and Addiction
» Terms to Know:
47. Substance use disorder
48. Psychoactive drugs
49. Tolerance
50. Neuroadaptation
51. Addiction
52. Withdrawal
» 53. On what 2 things does a drug’s overall effect depend?
TYPES OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
A. Depressants
» Terms to Know:
54. Depressants
55. Alcohol use disorder
56. Barbiturates
57. Opiates
»58. How does alcohol act as a disinhibitor?
»59. What effects does alcohol have on neural processing?
»60. What effects can long-term alcohol use have?
»61. How does alcohol reduce “self-awareness”?
»62. What happens when the body is flooded with artificial opiates?
B. Stimulants
» Terms to Know:
63. Stimulant
64. Amphetamines
65. Nicotine
66. cocaine
67. Methamphetamine
68. Ecstasy (MDMA)
»69. What are the physiological effects of smoking?
» 70. Why do smokers often feel less stressful after smoking?
»71. What is the estimate of how many lives will be lost to cigarette smoking in the twenty-first century?
»72. When cocaine is snorted, injected or smoked, what effect does it have on the body?
»73. Methamphetamine triggers the release of what neurotransmitter?
»74. How does ecstasy act as a stimulant and a mild hallucinogen?
C. Hallucinogens
» Terms to Know:
75. Hallucinogens
76. LSD
77. Near-death experience
78. Marijuana
79. THC
»80. How can marijuana act like alcohol?
»81. How do marijuana and alcohol differ?
Drug / Type / Pleasurable Effects / Adverse Effects82. Alcohol
83. Heroin
84. Caffeine
85. Methamphetamine
86. Cocaine
87. Nicotine
88. Ecstasy (MDMA)
89. Marijuana