AP Chemistry Equations (Reaction Prediction for Question 4 on the test)

Acid-Base Neutralization:

  1. Acetic acid solution is added to a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate.

HC2H3O2 + HCO3 - → CO2 + HOH + C2H3O2 -

  1. A solution of ammonia is added to a dilute solution of acetic acid.

NH3 + HC2H3O2 → NH4+ + C2H3O2 -

  1. Ammonia gas is bubbled into a solution of ethanoic (acetic) acid.

NH3 + CH3COOH → NH4+ + CH3COO -

or

NH3 + HC2H3O2 → NH4+ + C2H3O2 -

  1. Excess hydrobromic acid is added to a solution of potassium hydrogen carbonate.

H+ + HCO3 - → HOH + CO2

  1. Solutions of ammonia and hydrofluoric acid are mixed.

NH3 + HF → NH4+ + F -

  1. Equal volumes of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and 0.1 M sodium monohydrogen phosphate are mixed.

H+ + HPO4 2- → H2PO4 -

  1. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through excess potassium hydroxide solution.

H2S + 2 OH - → 2 HOH + S 2-

  1. Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide are mixed.

H3PO4 + OH - → HOH + H2PO4-

  1. Excess potassium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

OH- + H2PO4- → HOH + PO43-

  1. Solid sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide.

NaHCO3 + OH- → HOH + Na+ + CO32-

  1. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of calcium hydrogen carbonate until the number of moles of sodium hydroxide added is twice the number of moles of calcium salt.

OH- + HCO3- + Ca2+ → HOH + CaCO3

  1. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate until the same number of moles of each compound has been added.

OH- + H2PO4- → HOH + HPO42-

  1. Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of disodium hydrogen phosphate and hydrochloric acid are mixed.

HPO42- + H+ → H2PO4-

  1. Equimolar amounts of trisodium phosphate and hydrogen chloride, both in solution, are mixed.

PO43- + H+ → HPO42-

  1. A solution of sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium hydroxide until the same number of moles of each compound has been added.

H+ + HSO4- + Ba2+ + 2OH- → 2HOH + BaSO4

  1. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of lithium hydrogen carbonate.

H+ + HSO4- + 2HCO3- → 2CO2 + 2HOH + SO42-

  1. Equal volumes of 0.1 M sulfuric acid and 0.1 M potassium hydroxide are mixed.

H+ + HSO4- + OH- → HOH + HSO4-