Ap Animal Systems 3 Review Sheet

AP ANIMAL SYSTEMS 3 REVIEW SHEET

Chapters

41Respiration

42Digestion and Human Nutrition

43The Internal Environment

44Principles of Reproduction and Development

45Human Reproduction and Development

Objectives

1. You should be familiar with the anatomy of the human respiratory system, as well as the types of respiration found in other animals.

2. You should understand the manners in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the circulatory system, as well as the variables that influence the diffusion and release of these gases.

3. You should be familiar with the various measures of lung volume and how these may allow one to determine the relative health of the respiratory system.

4. You should understand the importance of bicarbonate in buffering the pH of the body’s internal fluid.

5. You should be familiar with the anatomy of the human digestive systems, as well as the types of digestion in other animals.

6. You should know the processes occurring in the digestive system in relation to specific anatomy of the system.

7. You should know the four classes of organic molecules and how each is processed for absorption.

8. You should know the anatomy of the urinary system and know the processes occurring in the digestive system in relation to specific anatomy of the system.

9. You should be familiar with the neural and hormonal controls associated with the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and male and female reproductive systems.

10. You should be familiar with processes and concepts important to development from the initial fertilization to aging and death.

11. You should be familiar with both male and female reproductive anatomy and how each system matures the gametes associated with that system.

Vocabulary

partial pressureFick’s lawsurface areavolume

hemoglobinintegument exchangegillstracheal respiration

lungsoral cavitynasal cavitypharynx

epiglottislarynxtracheabronchi

bronchiolesalveolipleural membraneslung

intercostal musclesdiaphragmrespiratory cycleinhalation

exhalationintrapleural pressureintrapulmonary pres.lung capacity

tidal volumeforced inhalation vol.forced exhalation vol.vital capavity

residual volumetotal lung capacityoxygen gasoxyhemoglobin

carbon dioxidecarbamino hemoglobincarbonic anhydrasebicarbonate

carbonic acidhydrogen ionspHmedulla oblongata

carotid bodiesaortic bodiescerebrospinal fluidbronchitis

emphysemaerythropoietinmyoglobin

incomplete digestioncomplete digestionmechanical digestionsecretion

chemical digestionabsorptioneliminationmouth

salivary glandspharynxepiglottisesophagus

stomachsmall intestinelarge intestinecolon

rectumanuslivergallbladder

pancreasbolusgastric fluidchyme

carbohydratesamylasesdisaccharidasesmonosaccharides

proteinspepsinstrypsinchymotrypsin

carboxypeptidaseaminopeptidaseamino acidsfats

lipidslipasetriglyceridesfatty acids

monoglyceridesnucleic acidsnucleasesnucleotides

bileemulsificationmicrovillisegmentation

micelle formationbulkfiberappendix

extracellular fluidureaammoniauric acid

kidneysurineureterurinary bladder

urethra nephronsBowman’s capsuleglomerulus

proximal tubuleloop of Henledistal tubulecollecting duct

renal pelvisperitubular capillariesfiltrationreabsorption

secretionexcretionactive transportosmosis

antidiuretic hormonealdosteroneplasma proteinsangiotensin II

adrenal cortexadrenal medullaradiationconduction

convectionevaporationectothermsendotherms

heterothermscold stressvasoconstrictionpilomotor response

shivering responsenonshivering heatheat stressvasodilation

fever

sexual reproductionasexual reproductioninternal fertilizationyolk

gamete formationfertilizationcleavageblastomeres

morulabastulagastrulationectoderm

mesodermendodermorgan formationtissue specialization

gray crescentanterior-posterior body axiscytoplasmic localizationmorphogenesis

apoptosishomeotic genespattern formationembryonic induction

morphogensmetamorphosisaging

spermtestisepididymisvas deferens

ejaculatory ductspenisseminal vesiclesprostate gland

bulbourethral glandssemenSertoli cellsLeydig cells

testosteronehypothalamusanterior pituitarygonadotropin RH

leutenizing Hfollicle stimulating H10 spermatocyte20 speratocyte

spermatidsoocytesuterusendometrium

menstrual cyclefollicular phaseovulationluteal phase

ovariesoviductscervixvagina

estrogensprogesteronegranulosa cellsfollicle

zona pellucida10 oocyte20 oocytepolar bodies

corpus luteumcoitusfertilizationovum

embryofetusblastocystamnion

yolk sacchorionallantoisHCG

placentalaboroxytocinlactation

prolactinbirth controlSTD’s