Supplementary S-Table 1: Description of categories of DMEER and CLC2000 maps contained in the workspace considered (Peninsular Spain and Balearic Islands).

Map / Code / Category / Frequency
DMEER / 11 / Iberian conifer forests / 49275
48 / Northeastern Spain & Southern France Mediterranean / 50198
51 / Cantabrian mixed forests / 95354
54 / Northwest Iberian montane forests / 70201
56 / Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests / 20797
57 / Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests / 426049
62 / Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests / 43382
64 / Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands / 4638
CLC2000 / 1 / Continuous urban fabric / 29482
2 / Discontinuous urban fabric / 23921
3 / Industrial or commercial units / 8609
4 / Road and rail networks and associated land / 1389
5 / Port areas / 405
6 / Airports / 1673
7 / Mineral extraction sites / 5515
8 / Dump sites / 701
9 / Construction sites / 1383
10 / Green urban areas / 286
11 / Sport and leisure facilities / 841
12 / Non-irrigated arable land / 1306383
13 / Permanently irrigated land / 279699
14 / Rice fields / 10786
15 / Vineyards / 104834
16 / Fruit trees and berry plantations / 73342
17 / Olive groves / 190475
18 / Pastures / 57510
19 / Annual crops associated with permanent crops / 17258
20 / Complex cultivation patterns / 423488
21 / Land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation / 344454
22 / Agro-forestry areas / 270202
23 / Broad-leaved forest / 419027
24 / Coniferous forest / 504542
25 / Mixed forest / 124388
26 / Natural grasslands / 354127
27 / Moors and heathland / 192695
28 / Sclerophyllous vegetation / 614044
29 / Transitional woodland-shrub / 415083
30 / Beaches, dunes, sands / 3593
31 / Bare rocks / 33196
32 / Sparsely vegetated areas / 119777
33 / Burnt areas / 8849
35 / Inland marshes / 6248
36 / Peat bogs / 26
37 / Salt marshes / 3018
38 / Salines / 1754
39 / Intertidal flats / 526

Supplementary S-Table 2: Descriptive statistics of the most representative original environmental variables for each category represented in the ELC map.

EC / Frequency / Climatica / Edaphic / Geophysical
Annual precipitation (mm) / Annual temperature (°C) / USDA soil type / Mineral predominant material / Altitude (m) / Slope (%) / Aspectb
mean / mean / mode / mode / mean / mean / mode
1 / 14233 / 607.2 / 11.5 / Entisol / Calcareous-sedimentary rock / 1116.7 / 9.4 / 3
2 / 25629 / 678.2 / 11.2 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 1213 / 9.3 / 3
3 / 18097 / 661.7 / 10.8 / Inceptisol / Calcareous-sedimentary rock / 1144.9 / 7.4 / 3
4 / 58155 / 495.1 / 12.5 / Entisol / Alluvium / 702.2 / 1.8 / 2
5 / 48270 / 568.9 / 12.4 / Inceptisol / Marl / 778.8 / 2.1 / 2
6 / 59956 / 543.3 / 12.1 / Inceptisol / Marl / 795.1 / 1.8 / 2
7 / 42228 / 533.1 / 12.5 / Entisol / Marl / 700.2 / 2.2 / 4
8 / 37725 / 601.2 / 12.3 / Inceptisol / Marl / 747.4 / 2.4 / 4
9 / 49522 / 564.7 / 12.2 / Inceptisol / Marl / 773.8 / 2.1 / 4
10 / 11369 / 519.9 / 15.8 / Aridisol / Marl / 635.1 / 11.7 / 3
11 / 22821 / 694.6 / 15.7 / Inceptisol / Marl / 750.9 / 13.4 / 3
12 / 1827 / 665.3 / 15.5 / Inceptisol / Marl / 771.4 / 10.6 / 2
13 / 52472 / 514.8 / 16.2 / Entisol / Alluvium / 331.5 / 2.2 / 2
14 / 44358 / 614.9 / 15.9 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 466.4 / 2.2 / 2
15 / 14823 / 589.6 / 16.0 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 421 / 2.2 / 2
16 / 59824 / 518.9 / 16.5 / Entisol / Marl / 258.9 / 2.6 / 4
17 / 39865 / 630.9 / 16.1 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 414.7 / 3.4 / 4
18 / 14564 / 603.3 / 16.2 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 365.9 / 2.7 / 4
19 / 18522 / 1274.9 / 9.4 / Entisol / Chalk / 1104.6 / 11.7 / 3
20 / 33805 / 1266.5 / 8.5 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 1293.1 / 11.7 / 3
21 / 23423 / 1362 / 9.1 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 1094.8 / 11.6 / 2
22 / 11810 / 1327.2 / 12.0 / Entisol / Chalk / 421.8 / 3.6 / 2
23 / 9633 / 1253.9 / 11.5 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 528.6 / 3.4 / 2
24 / 15955 / 1335.1 / 11.7 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 462.7 / 3.7 / 2
25 / 11322 / 1372.7 / 11.9 / Entisol / Chalk / 434.3 / 4.2 / 4
26 / 9675 / 1269.3 / 11.3 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 582.4 / 4.2 / 4
27 / 14790 / 1347.6 / 11.6 / Inceptisol / Chalk / 465.2 / 4.1 / 4

aOnly two of 54 climatic variables are shown.

bAspect variable was converted from its original value (0 to 360°) to an ordinal variable (0 to 5). “0” values were assigned to cells where slope is near 0. 1 to 5 values were assigned according to orientation from lowest (1) to highest (5) sun incidence.

Supplementary S-Table 3: Expanded results of GLM univariate and post-hoc statistical analyses assessing the effects of quartile and BCI classes on mean weight of 100 seeds. Within each analysis classes with the same letter do not differ significantly (p<0.05).

Species / Map / Method of categories grouping / GLM significance
(p) / Quartile/BCI classes / Mean weight of 100 seeds (g) / Tukey's groups
L. angustifolius / DMEER / Quartile / 0.007 / Low / 7.294 / a
Mid-low / 9.114 / b
Mid-high / 9.875 / b
High / 9.916 / b
BCI / <0.0001 / Preferred / 8.592
Avoided / 10.100
ELC / Quartile / 0.009 / Low / 8.242 / a
Mid-low / 8.376 / a
Mid-high / 8.761 / a
High / 10.602 / b
BCI / 0.5555 / Avoided / 9.703
Neutral / 9.765
CLC2000 / Quartile / <0.0001 / Mid-high / 6.416 / a
Mid-low / 9.823 / ab
High / 10.06 / ab
Low / 10.827 / b
BCI / 0.0047 / Preferred / 8.650 / a
Avoided / 9.268 / ab
Neutral / 10.319 / b
V. sativa / DMEER / Quartile / 0.864 / Mid-high / 5.205
High / 5.584
Low / 5.790
Mid-low / 5.891
BCI / n/a / Neutral / 5.542
ELC / Quartile / 0.034 / Mid-low / 4.898 / a
Low / 4.959 / ab
Mid-high / 5.437 / b
High / 5.738 / b
BCI / <0.0001 / Avoided / 4.988 / a
Neutral / 5.369 / a
Preferred / 6.313 / b
CLC2000 / Quartile / 0.668 / Low / 3.950
Mid-low / 4.789
Mid-high / 5.417
High / 5.567
BCI / 0.001 / Avoided / 5.177 / a
Neutral / 5.337 / a
Preferred / 5.957 / b
P. sativum / DMEER / Quartile / 0.18 / Mid-high / 19.736
High / 20.464
Mid-low / 21.475
Low / 22.116
BCI / 0.046 / Avoided / 18.169 / a
Neutral / 20.255 / b
Preferred / 22.268 / c
ELC / Quartile / 0.045 / Mid-low / 18.192 / a
Low / 18.833 / a
Mid-high / 21.532 / b
High / 21.611 / b
BCI / 0.036 / Avoided / 17.913 / a
Neutral / 19.501 / b
Preferred / 22.361 / c
CLC2000 / Quartile / 0.987 / Mid-low / 19.690
Mid-high / 20.338
High / 20.456
Low / 21.034
BCI / 0.456 / Avoided / 18.901
Preferred / 20.815
Neutral / 20.835
P. vulgaris / DMEER / Quartile / <0.0001 / Mid-low / 37.888 / a
Low / 42.644 / ab
Mid-high / 47.392 / b
High / 51.235 / b
BCI / <0.0001 / Avoided / 45.322 / a
Neutral / 46.425 / a
Preferred / 53.195 / b
ELC / Quartile / <0.0001 / Low / 41.302 / a
Mid-low / 46.375 / b
Mid-high / 50.476 / c
High / 52.419 / c
BCI / 0.002 / Avoided / 44.356 / a
Neutral / 46.108 / a
Preferred / 53.399 / b
CLC2000 / Quartile / 0.041 / High / 48.929 / ab
Low / 51.945 / b
Mid-high / 52.291 / b
Mid-low / 52.624 / b
BCI / 0.001 / Avoided / 47.277 / a
Preferred / 50.222 / b
Neutral / 52.327 / b
H. vulgare / DMEER / Quartile / 0.149 / Mid-low / 3.881
Low / 3.934
High / 4.042
Mid-high / 4.141
BCI / 0.015 / Avoided / 3.889 / a
Preferred / 4.030 / ab
Neutral / 4.137 / b
ELC / Quartile / 0.009 / Low / 3.911 / a
Mid-low / 3.940 / a
High / 4.021 / ab
Mid-high / 4.132 / b
BCI / <0.0001 / Preferred / 3.986 / a
Avoided / 4.082 / ab
Neutral / 4.141 / b
CLC2000 / Quartile / 0.706 / Mid-low / 3.910
Mid-high / 3.933
High / 4.048
Low / 4.700
BCI / 0.008 / Neutral / 3.893 / a
Avoided / 3.977 / ab
Preferred / 4.074 / b
S. cereale / DMEER / Quartile / 0.205 / Low / 2.258
Mid-high / 2.681
High / 2.684
Mid-low / 2775
BCI / 0.134 / Avoided / 2.517
Neutral / 2.630
Preferred / 2.745
ELC / Quartile / 0.411 / Low / 2.481
Mid-low / 2.500
Mid-high / 2.668
High / 2.766
BCI / 0.55 / Avoided / 2.564
Neutral / 2.623
Preferred / 2.772
CLC2000 / Quartile / 0.329 / Mid-low / 2.343
Mid-high / 2.662
High / 2.686
Low / 3.500
BCI / 0.502 / Neutral / 2.650
Preferred / 2.680
Avoided / 2.752
T. aestivum / DMEER / Quartile / 0.482 / High / 3.579
Low / 3.717
Mid-high / 3.792
Mid-low / 3.969
BCI / 0.096 / Preferred / 3.578
Avoided / 3.632
Neutral / 3.985
ELC / Quartile / 0.044 / Low / 3.453 / a
Mid-low / 3.530 / a
Mid-high / 3.632 / b
High / 3.692 / b
0.133 / Avoided / 3.519
Neutral / 3.542
Preferred / 3.687
CLC2000 / Quartile / 0.124 / Mid-low / 3.561
Low / 3.585
High / 3.596
Mid-high / 3.847
BCI / 0.081 / Avoided / 3.412
Preferred / 3.565
Neutral / 3.709
Z. mays / DMEER / Quartile / 0.723 / Mid-low / 28.096
Low / 28.113
Mid-high / 29.926
High / 33.147
BCI / <0.0001 / Avoided / 28.559
Preferred / 34.647
ELC / Quartile / 0.007 / Mid-low / 27.968 / a
Low / 28.211 / a
Mid-high / 30.833 / b
High / 34.739 / c
BCI / <0.0001 / Avoided / 26.832 / a
Neutral / 31.340 / b
Preferred / 34.444 / c
CLC2000 / Quartile / 0.005 / Mid-low / 31.171 / a
High / 32.402 / a
Mid-high / 34.197 / a
Low / 34.733 / a
BCI / 0.081 / Avoided / 31.521
Preferred / 32.920
Neutral / 33.159