Exam 1 Review
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Nur
Course: / Bio 212
Instructor: / Kukday
Date: / Feb 2, 2015

Answer the following questions and discuss with your group:

  1. Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another (thus making ions). Covalent bonds are:
  2. Formed through hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
  3. Weakest bonds that are easy to break
  4. Are classified as hydrogen bonds, polar, and nonpolar bonds
  5. Formed when two atoms share electrons
  1. Electronegativity of Oxygen is greater than that of Carbon, therefore CO2 is a polar molecule:
  2. True
  3. False
  1. Hydrogen bonds form between:
  2. The nucleic acids of DNA to form a double stranded helix
  3. Between Na and Cl to make table salt
  4. Between two water molecules
  5. Between two nonpolar molecules such as CO2
  1. I, II, III, IV
  2. I, II, IV
  3. I, III
  4. II, IV
  1. Which one of the molecules below is amphipathic?
  2. Waxes
  3. Water
  4. Phospholipids
  5. NaCl
  1. Acids ______the H+ concentration in a solution while bases ______the H+ concentration.
  2. Increase; decrease
  3. Decrease; increase
  4. Have no effect on; decrease
  5. Increase; have no effect on
  1. The below picture illustrates an example of a ______in blood whose function is ______.
  1. Buffer; increase the pH by decreasing H+ concentration
  2. Acid; decrease the pH
  3. Base; increase the H+ concentration
  4. Buffer; maintain the pH of blood at a certain level
  1. Amino acids are linked through ______reactions to form ______. And this reaction occurs in the ______.
  2. Condensation (dehydration); proteins; ribosomes.
  3. Condensation (dehydration); DNA strand; nucleus.
  4. Hydrolysis; proteins; rough ER.
  5. Hydrolysis; DNA strand; cytoplasm.
  1. The below nucleic acid is:
  2. Basic
  3. Acidic
  4. Nonpolar
  5. Polar
  1. The below amino acid is:
  2. Basic
  3. Acidic
  4. Nonpolar
  5. Polar
  1. Circle and determine the four parts of a nucleic acid:

  1. The difference between deoxyribose and ribose is:
  2. The extra –OH group in the 2’ sugar of ribose
  3. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded
  4. RNA does not have a phosphate group
  5. DNA forms through condensation reactions and RNA forms through hydrolysis reactions
  1. Nucleotides are linked through ______reactions to form ______. And this reaction occurs in the ______.
  2. Condensation (dehydration); nucleic acids (DNA, RNA); nucleus.
  3. Condensation (dehydration); purines; nucleus.
  4. Hydrolysis; proteins; rough ER.
  5. Hydrolysis; DNA strand; nucleus.
  1. A certain DNA molecule is determined to have a cytosine content of 40 %. Is an RNA molecule is synthesized from this particular DNA, what percentage of uracil will be in the RNA?
  2. 40 %
  3. 20 %
  4. 10 %
  5. 80 %
  1. Each monosaccharide has a unique structure and function. When monosaccharides are polymerized through a ______reaction, a ______molecule is released.
  2. Condensation; CO2
  3. Hydrolysis; H2O
  4. Dehydration; H2O
  5. Hydrolysis; sugar
  1. DNA is described as less reactive than RNA or protein. The reason can be attributed to which one of the below?
  2. DNA double helix introduces more stability
  3. Lack of the –OH group in the 2’ sugar of DNA
  4. The hydrophobic interactions within the nonpolar nitrogenous bases are hard to disrupt.
  5. All of the above
  6. Lipids are mostly hydrocarbons, therefore they are:
  7. Nonpolar molecules
  8. Nonpolar molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen
  9. Amphipathic molecules that are located in the membrane
  10. Polar molecules that contain positive and negative charges
  1. Saturated fatty acids are straight chains whereas unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds causing kinks in hydrocarbon chains.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. Fats form through ______reactions linking glycerol with three fatty acids. This reaction releases ______.
  2. Condensation (dehydration); fats
  3. Hydrolysis; H2O
  4. Condensation (dehydration); H2O
  5. Redox; H2O
  1. Increased hydrocarbon tail results in a less fluid membrane.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. Increasing the content of saturated phospholipids results in a less fluid membrane.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. Adding more cholesterol to the membrane would increase membrane permeability.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. When a cell is put in a hypertonic solution, water moves ______which causes the cell to go through ______.
  2. In; osmolysis
  3. Out; crenation
  4. In; crenation
  5. Out; osmolysis
  1. Match the definitions (each term can be used more than once):
  1. Integral proteins
  2. Peripheral proteins
  3. Transmembrane proteins
  4. Na+/K+ pump
  5. Na+ channel
  6. K+ channel

Segments face both sides of the membrane: ______

Amphipathic: ______

Span the membrane ______

Involved in transport ______

Located only on one side of the membrane ______

  1. Ribosomes located on the rough ER synthesize ______that will be incorporated into a membrane or shipped out of the cell.
  2. Proteins
  3. DNA
  4. Sugar
  5. Lipids
  1. All cells have:
  1. Mitochondria, glucose, vacuoles, cell walls
  2. DNA, chloroplasts, flagella, lactase
  3. Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, plasma membranes
  4. Cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmids, UGG boots
  1. Where are fatty acids linked to glycerol in order to form an ester linkage? Where are they hydrolyzed?
  2. In the nucleus
  3. In the rough ER
  4. In the smooth ER
  5. In the cytosol
  1. The Na+/K+ pump uses ___produced in the ____ to pump 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in the cell.
  2. ATP; ribosomes
  3. Energy; nucleus
  4. ATP; mitochondria
  5. Ions; smooth ER
  1. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common:
  2. RNA, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes
  3. Nucleus, capsule, flagella, mitochondria
  4. Chloroplasts, cytoplasm, cell membrane, DNA
  5. Ribosomes, DNA, rough ER, cell wall
  1. The Na+/K+ pump differs from the Na+ and K+ channels in that:
  2. It uses energy, the Na+ and K+ channels do not
  3. It maintains the concentration gradient, Na+ and K+ channels change the concentration gradient
  4. It pumps molecules against their concentration gradient, Na+ and K+ channels allow diffusion down the concentration gradient
  5. All of the above
  1. The RNA secondary structure consists of a hairpin structure where bases align in an antiparallel fashion.
  2. True
  3. False