ANATOMY 35 LAB UNIT TWO STUDY GUIDE
MUSCLE NAME LIST
Superficial muscles of the chest
1. Pectoralis major
2. Pectoralis minor
3. Pectoantebrachialis (cat only)
4. Xiphihumeralis (cat only)
Muscles of the shoulder
5. Levator scapula
6. Clavodeltoid (cat only; just “deltoid” in human)
7. Acromiodeltoid (cat only)
8. Spinodeltoid (cat only)
Deep muscles of shoulder
9. Supraspinatus
10. Infraspinatus
11. Subscapularis
12. Teres minor
13. Teres major
14. Rhomboideus major (more superior)
15. Rhomboideus minor (more inferior)
16. Spinalis dorsi (cat only)
17. Splenius (cat only)
Superficial muscles of back
18. Latissimus dorsi
19. Spinotrapezius (cat only; just “trapezius” in human)
20. Acromiotrapezius (cat only)
21. Clavotrapezius (cat only)
Muscles of arm and forearm
22. Biceps brachii
23. Brachialis
24. Triceps brachii, lateral head
25. Triceps brachii, long head
26. Triceps brachii, medial head
27. Brachioradialis
28. Pronator teres
29. Palmaris longus
30. Flexor digitorum superficialis (cadaver only)
31. Flexor digitorum profundus
32. Flexor carpi radialis
33. Flexor carpi ulnaris
34. Flexor retinaculum (connective tissue, not muscle)
35. Extensor digitorum
36. Extensor carpi radialis longus (most lateral)
37. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
38. Extensor carpi ulnaris
Thumb muscles (cadaver only)
39. Extensor pollicis longus
40. Extensor pollicis brevis
41. Abductor pollicis longus
Deep muscles of the chest (rib area)
42. Serratus anterior
43. Serratus posterior (cadaver only)
44. Scalenus ventralis
45. Scalenus medius
46. Scalenus dorsalis
47. External intercostals
48. Internal intercostals
Muscles of the abdominal wall
49. Rectus abdominis
50. External oblique
51. Internal oblique
52. Transverse abdominis
Muscles of the thigh
53. Gluteus maximus
54. Gluteus medius
55. Gluteus minimus (cadaver only)
56. Psoas major (cadaver only)
57. Iliacus (cadaver only)
58. Caudofemoralis (cat only)
59. Tensor fascia latae
60. Rectus femoris
61. Vastus lateralis
62. Vastus medialis
63. Vastus intermedius
64. Sartorius
65. Gracilis
66. Pectineus
67. Adductor longus
68. Adductor magnus
69. Semimembranosus
70. Semitendinosus
71. Biceps femoris
Muscles of calf
72. Gastrocnemius
73. Soleus
74. Plantaris (tendon between gastrocnemius and soleus)
75. Flexor digitorum longus
76. Flexor digitorum brevis (cadaver only; bottom of foot)
77. Tibialis posterior (tendon at medial malleolus)
78. Tibialis anterior
79. Extensor digitorum longus
80. Peroneus longus (tendon at lateral malleolus, more posterior)
81. Peroneus brevis (tendon at lateral malleolus, more anterior)
Muscles of the head and neck
82. Platysma
83. Sternocleidomastoid
84. Digastric
85. Mylohyoid
86. Sternohyoid
87. Sternothyroid
88. Thyrohyoid
89. Masseter
90. Temporalis
Muscles of head and neck, cadaver only
91. Epicranius (frontalis)
92. Levator labii superioris
93. Zygomaticus
94. Orbicularis oculi
95. Orbicularis oris
96. Buccinator
Also know histology of muscles (smooth, skeletal, cardiac, neuromuscular junction)
THESE ARE THE OIA’S YOU NEED TO KNOW
MUSCLES OF THE CHEST
N / Pectoralis majorO / clavicle, sternum, ribs
I / Greater tubercle of humerus
A / Flexes, adducts and rotates shoulder
N / Pectoralis minor
O / ribs 3-5
I / coracoid process of scapula
A / protracts and depresses scapula
MUSCLES OF THE ARM
N / DeltoidO / clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
I / deltoid tuberosity
A / Abducts shoulder
N / Biceps brachii
O / coracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle
I / radial tuberosity
A / Flexes elbow, supinates elbow
N / Triceps brachii
O / scapula and posterior humerus
I / olecranon process of ulna
A / Extends elbow
N / Brachialis
O / humerus
I / coronoid process of ulna
A / Flexes elbow
MUSCLES OF THE ANTECUBITAL FOSSA
N / BrachioradialisO / lateral epicondyle of humerus
I / styloid process of radius
A / Flexes elbow
N / Pronator Teres
O / medial epicondyle of humerus
I / radius
A / Pronates forearm
EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM
N / Extensor digitorumO / lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I / distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A / Extends fingers and wrist
N / Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
O / lateral epicondyle of humerus
I / 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
A / Extends and abducts wrist
N / Extensor carpi ulnaris
O / lateral epicondyle of humerus
I / 5th metacarpal
A / Extends and adducts wrist
FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM
N /Palmaris longus
O / medial epicondyle of humerusI / palmar aponeurosis
A / Flexes wrist
N / Flexor carpi radialis
O / medial epicondyle of humerus
I / 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
A / Flexes and abducts wrist
N / Flexor carpi ulnaris
O / medial epicondyle of humerus
I / Medial metacarpals and carpals
A / Flexes and adducts wrist
N / Flexor digitorum superficialis (cadaver only)
O / Medial epicondyle of humerus and radius and ulna
I / Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A / Flexes wrist
N / Flexor digitorum profundus
O / Ulna
I / Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A / Flexes wrist
THUMB MUSCLES (cadaver only)
N / Extensor pollicis longusA / extends thumb
N / Extensor pollicis brevis
A / extends thumb
N / Abductor pollicis longus
A / extends and abducts thumb
RETINACULUM: These are not muscles, rather, connective tissue sheaths (straps) around wrist ("retainers"). These "wrist bands" keep tendons from bulging outward when their respective muscles are contracted.
N / Flexor retinaculumN / Extensor retinaculum
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
N / SupraspinatusO / supraspinous fossa
I / greater tubercle of the humerus
A / Abductsshoulder
N / Infraspinatus
O / infraspinous fossa
I / greater tubercle of the humerus
A / Rotates shoulder
N / Subscapularis
O / subscapular fossa
I / lesser tubercle of humerus
A / Rotates shoulder
N / Teres Minor
O / scapula
I / greater tubercle of humerus
A / Adducts and rotates shoulder
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
N / Teres MajorO / scapula
I / Intertubercular grove of humerus
A / extends, adducts and rotates shoulder
N / Rhomboideus (major and minor)
O / spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
I / medial border of scapula
A / Retracts and elevates scapula
N / Trapezius
O / Occipital bone, spines of all cervical and thoracic vertebrae
I / Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
A / Retracts, elevates, and depresses scapula
N / Latissimus dorsi
O / Spinous process of lower vertebrae
I / intertubercular groove of humerus
A / Extends, adducts and rotates shoulder
N / Serratus posterior (cadaver only)
O / Spinous process of C7-T3 and T10-L5 vertebrae
I / Superior border of ribs 2-5 and inferior border of ribs 8-12
A / Elevates and depresses ribs
N / Levator scapulae
O / Transverse process of cervical vertebrae 1-4
I / Vertebral border of scapula
A / Elevates scapula
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND RIBS
N / Linea alba: connective tissue line running vertically; "white line"N / Serratus anterior (“boxer’s muscle”)
O / Ribs 1-8
I / anterior aspect of medial (vertebral) border of scapula
A / Protracts scapula
N / External oblique
O / ribs
I / iliac crest, linea alba
A / Flexes and rotates torso, compresses abdomen
N / Internal oblique
O / Iliac crest
I / lower ribs
A / Flexes and rotates torso, compresses abdomen
N / Transversus abdominis
O / iliac crest and lower ribs
I / linea alba and pubis
A / Compresses abdomen
N / Rectus abdominis
O / pubis
I / Lower ribs and xiphoid process
A / Flexes torso
N / External intercostals
O / Inferior border of upper rib
I / Superior border of lower rib
A / Inspiration
N / Internal intercostals
O / Superior border of lower rib
I / Inferior border of upper rib
A / Expiration
PELVIC GIRDLE
N / Gluteus maximusO / Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
I / gluteal tuberosity of femur
A / Extends and rotates hip
N / Gluteus medius
O / Iliac crest
I / greater trochanter of the femur
A / Abducts and rotates hip
N / Gluteus minimus (cadaver only)
O / Ilium
I / greater trochanter of the femur
A / Abducts and rotates hip
N / Psoas major
O / Transverse processes of T12-L5
I / lesser trochanter of femur
A / Flexes hip
N / Iliacus
O / Ilium
I / lesser trochanter of the femur
A / Flexes hip
N / Tensor fasciae latae
O / iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
I / iliotibial tract
A / Abducts hip
ANTERIOR THIGH (extensors of the knee and one flexor of the thigh) (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE GROUP)
N / Rectus femorisO / anterior inferior iliac spine
I / tibial tuberosity
A / Extends knee and flexes hip
N / Vastus lateralis
O / linea aspera
I / patella and tibial tuberosity
A / Extends knee
N / Vastus medialis
O / linea aspera
I / patella and tibial tuberosity
A / Extends knee
N / Vastus intermedius
O / linea aspera
I / patella and tibial tuberosity
A / Extends knee
POSTERIOR THIGH (extensors of the thigh)
(HAMSTRINGS MUSCLE GROUP)
N / SemimembranosusO / ischial tuberosity
I / medial condyle of tibia
A / Flexes knee and extends hip
N / Semitendinosus
O / ischial tuberosity
I / tibia
A / Flexes knee and extends hip
N / Biceps femoris
O / ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
I / Lateral condyle of fibula and tibia
A / Flexes knee and extends hip
MEDIAL THIGH (all are adductors except Sartorius)
N / SartoriusO / anterior superior iliac spine
I / tibia
A / Flexes knee and hip; abducts and rotates hip
N /
Gracilis
O / Inferior ramus of pubisI / tibia
A / flexes knee, adducts hip
N / Pectineus
O / pubis
I / posterior proximal femur
A / Flexes, adducts, and rotates thigh
N / Adductor longus
O / Inferior ramus of pubis
I / linea aspera of femur
A / Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh
N / Adductor magnus
O / Inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity
I / linea aspera of femur
A / Adducts, flexes and rotates hip
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LEG
N / GastrocnemiusO / medial and lateral condyles of femur
I / Calcaneus via Achilles tendon
A / flexes knee; plantarflexes foot
N / Soleus
O / Tibia and fibula
I / Calcaneus via Achilles tendon
A / Plantarflexes foot
N / Plantaris
O / Femur
I / Calcaneus
A / Flexes knee and plantarflexes foot
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LEG
N /Tibialis anterior
O / lateral condyle and shaft of tibiaI / First metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A / Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
N / Peroneus (fibularis) longus
O / Fibula
I / First metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A / Plantarflexion and eversion of foot
N / Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
O / Fibula
I / 5th metatarsal
A / Plantarflexion and eversion of foot
N / Extensor digitorum longus
O / Lateral condyle of tibia and fibula
I / Distal phalanges (dorsal surface)
A / Extends toes
N / Flexor digitorum brevis (cadaver only)
O / Calcaneus
I / Middle phalanges
A / Flexes toes
N / Flexor digitorum longus
O / Tibia
I / Distal phalanges, plantar surface
A / Flexes toes
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK
N / Digastric “two bellies”O / Mandible and mastoid process
I / hyoid bone
A / Opens mouth and depresses mandible
N / Mylohyoid
O / Mandible
I / Hyoid
A / Elevates hyoid
N / Sternocleidomastoid
O / manubrium and clavicle
I / mastoid process
A / Flexes head and rotates neck
N / Sternohyoid
O / manubrium
I / hyoid bone
A / Depresses hyoid
N / Sternothyroid
O / manubrium
I / thyroid cartilage
A / Depresses thyroid cartilage
N / Thyrohyoid
O / thyroid cartilage
I / hyoid
A / Depresses hyoid or elevates larynx
N / Platysma
O / Fascia of chest and neck
I / Mandible and skin on neck
A / Tenses skin on neck and depresses mandible
HEAD MUSCLES (facial expression); (cadaver only)
N / Epicranius (Frontalis)A / raises eyebrows and pulls scalp posteriorly
N / Levator labii superioris
A / Raises upper lip
N / Zygomaticus
A / raises corners of mouth, smiling muscle
N / Orbicularis oculi
A / Closes eye
N / Orbicularis oris
A / Closes and puckers lips; kissing/whistling muscle
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION (cadaver only)
N / BuccinatorA / Compresses cheek (for whistling and sucking)
N / Masseter
O / zygomatic arch
I / angle and ramus of mandible
A / Elevates mandible
N / Temporalis
A / Closes jaw
HISTOLOGY OF MUSCLES
Smooth muscle: Found in organs
Nuclei
Skeletal muscle: moves the skeleton
Nuclei
Striations
Cardiac muscle
Intercalated discs
Nuclei
Striations
Neuromuscular Junction
Axon of motor neuron
Neuromuscular synapse
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