History
- An alliance formed by two of more tribes to rule over an area is called what? Confederacy
- A state where the head of the kingdom is elected by the people is called what? Republic.
- Who had added the kingdoms of Kosala and Kashi to the Magadha empire? Ajatasatru
- Which state had the location which was around the west side of river Yamuna and had its capital at Madhura? Surasena.
- Which tribe was compromised of nine tribes? Vajji
- Which state was located at the side of hindukush? Kamboja
- Which river was flowing right through Avanti?Vetravati
- Whre did the first Budhist council held? Rajagriha.
- Ajatasatru was succeeded by whom? Sisuguna.
- The kings in the vedic period ruled according to a law. What is the name of that law? Rajya Dharma.
- What does Janapada literally means? Foot hold of a tribe.
- Which king added the kingdoms of Kosala, and Kashi to the Magadha Empire? Ajatashatru.
- Which was one of the most flourishing cities and was an important centre of trade and commerce in 600 BC? Anga.
- In the republican state who had the supreme authority? Ganaparishad
- How many Mahajanapadas were there in the sixth century BC? 16
- Which was the capital of Bimbisara? Rajagriha
- The upanihsads are sometimes called what? Vedanta
- Last collection of Hindu scriptures are called what? Vedas
- The word Upanishad means what? To sit close to
- Where does the Jain religion takes its name? JIna
- The word Jina means what? Victor or conqueror.
- As per the sacred book of jainsm who is the founder of Jainism? Rishaba
- Who is the last tirthankara in Jainism? Mahavira
- Which Jain book contains the lives of the teachers? Kalpasutra
- Who told that plants, animals, stones have soul? Mahavira
- What is the meaning of the name Budha? Enlightened or Awakened One.
- Which is the other title of Budha? Shakyamuni.
- In whichplaceBudha delivered his first speech? Sarnath
- What is the name of the first speech delivered by Budha? DharmachakraPravartana
- Budha’s death is called what? Pari or final Nirvana
- In Budhism those who left their homes and join Sanghas were called what? Bhikkus.
- In which common language Budha preached? Pali
- The original Buddhist religious texts are collectively known as what? Tripitaka
- Which are the two divisions of Budhism? Mahayana and Hinayana
- Summing up of Veda is called what? Vedanta
- A jain teacher with divine power is called what? Jina
- In which year Chandragupta Maurya accessed to the throne? 321 BC
- Who unified the country of Chandragupta? Chanakya
- Which is the capital of Mauryanempire? Pataliputra
- Under whose guidance and influence Ashoka became Budhist? Upagupta
- Where did Ashoka convened a great council on Budhism? Pataliputra
- Who was the administered head of Mauryans? Chanakya
- Which was the most excellent administration of Mauryans? City administration
- Which lake is built by Chandragupta Maurya? Sudarshan lake
- Which are the glittering examples of fine architecture at the time of Ashoka? Stupas
- …………..is a very famous historical monument of Ashoka. Pillar at Sarnath
- Which is the largest continent? Asia
- Which is the smallest continent? Australia
- Which continent is known as dark continent? Africa
- Which urbanisation is known as the earliest urbanisation? Indus Valley
- Harappancivilisation lasted from which date to which? 3250 BC to 2750 BC
- The second urbanization is from which to which century? 6BC to 4Th BC.
- In which year onwards men started to farming? 9000BC.
- The head man in the North India is called what? Gramabhojaka.
- The farmers of the village were called in what name? Grihapatis.
- The landless men and women were called in what name? Dasakarmakara.
- What is the first thing that the coins tell us about? Prosperity of the kingdom.
- The first city in human history is believed to be which? Sumer
- Which is the ancient Roman trade centre in South of Puducherrry? Arikamedu.
- What do you mean by Dialect? Form of a language used in a part of a country.
- Who is the last Mauryan King? Brihadratha
- By whom Brihadratha was killed? Pushamitra.
- The Tamil region is also called what? Tamilakam.
- Which are the three kingdoms arose in Tamilnadu? Cholas, Pandyas and Cheras.
- We get knowledge from the tamil region through a literature. Which is that literature? Sangam.
- Which was the major trading point of Cholas? Kaveripattinam.
- Who was the greatest Chola ruler? Karikala.
- Which was the chief port of Pandya kingdom? Korkai.
- Who was the greatest Pandya ruler? Neduchezhian.
- Which is the capital of Cheras? Karur or Vanjai.
- Which was the major port of Cheras? Muziris.
- Who was the greatest Chera ruler? Senkuttuvan.
- According to Sangam literature the hills and forests are known as what? Kurinji
- According to sangam literature pasture land is known as what? Mullai.
- According to sangam literature agricultural plains are known as what? Marutam.
- According to sangam literature the sea coasts are known as what? Neytaland arid zones.
- What is the name of the book where the details of sea borne trade are mentioned? Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.
- Who was the Persian emperor invaded India in 530 BC? Cyrus the Great
- Name the general of Alexander the great who founded the Greek kingdom in Punjab? Demetrios.
- Who was the greatest ruler in the Indo Greek kingdom in Punjab? Meander or Milinda.
- Which is the book written by indo Greek collaboration? MilindaPanah.
- Indians borrowed the concept of ……………..from the Greeks. 12signs of the zodiac.
- Who was the most famous Saka ruler?Rudradaman.
- Who is the best known Kushan king? Kanishka.
- The calendar that which is used by Kushans are called…………..? Saka calendar.
- Where did Kanishkabulid a monastery and stupa? Purusapura.
- In the kushanas kingdom which king is known as the patron of art and Sanskrit literature? Kanishka.
- Where did the fourth Buddhist council held// Kashmir.
- During the reign of Kanishka who preached Buddhism? Asvaghosha, Nagarjuna and Vasumitra.
- …………..were the first to issue gold coins. Kushanas.
- Say the names of two royal family members of Ashoka who spread Buddhism in Sri lanka? Sanghamitra and Mahendra.
- Which are the two Sri lankan works that are important sources of Indian history? The Dipavamsha and Mahavamsha.
- What is an another name for Chinese silk? Chinamashuka.
- Name the two Buddhist bhikkus who spread Buddhism in china? Dharmarkshaka and Kashyapamatanga.
- Who had established the kingdom of Kamboj in Kampuchea? Kaaundinya.
- …………is a Buddhist place of worship having a stupa? Chaitya.
- ………….. are the residences of the Buddhist monks. Viharas.
- Which is the largest and the most beautiful Chaitya of the age? Karli in Maharashatra.
- The most notable achievement of Kanishka was the development of ……………..? Gandharaschool of art.
- In Mahayana Buddhism ……………is a person who strives to become a Buddha by leading a life of virtue and wisdom? Bodhisattva.
- Who were the most famous Chinese travelers? FaXian(FaHien), XuanZang (Hiuen Tsang) and I Qing( I Tsing).
- In early Indian literature the Bactrian Greeks were referred to as …………..? Yavanas.
- After Kushanas who had the important power in North India? Guptas.
- Who was the successor of Gupta? Ghatotkacha.
- Srigupta has been described as the …………of the Gupta empire? Adhiraja.
- Who was the first famous ruler of Gupta Empire? Chandragupta I.
- Coins minted in the reign of Chandragupta bear the title of ……………? Overlord of great kings.
- Who was the successor of Chandragupta I? Samudragupta.
- The title Vikramaditya means what? Sun of power and Majesty.
- ……………is perhaps the greatest achievement of the Gupta age? Renissance of Hinduism.
- Those who worshipped lord Siva is known as what? Shaivas
- Those who worshipped Vishnu is called what? Vaishnavas.
- …………..was the main language in the Gupta age? Sanskrit.
- The court of ChandraguptaVikramaditya is known for what? Navaratnas or nine jewels.
- Who was one of the greatest dramatists of the world belonged to Navaratnas? Kalidasa.
- …………is considered to be the masterpiece of Kalidasa? Sakunthala.
- The famous collection of stories called Panchatantras are written by whom? Vishnu Sharma.
- Which dictionary was considered to be as the unusual one of Gupta age? Amarkosh.
- The discovery of …………and …………are the inventions of Indian scientists? Zero and the decimal system.
- Which Indian has described the place value of the first nine numbers and the use of zero? Aryabhatta.
- ………….is the book of Aryabhatta? Aryabhattiyam.
- Who were the other mathematicians other than Aryabhatta? Varahamihira and Brahmaputra.
- …………..is the book of Varahamihira? Brihathsamita.
- Which is the example of Gupta age technology? Iron pillar near QutabMinar.
- Who was famous in medicine during the Gupta age? Vagabatta
- What is the name of the work of Vagabatta? Ashtankasamhita.
- The nobable examples of sculptures of the Gupta age can be seen in the temple at……..? Deogarh.
- Which dynasty came into existence soon after the decline of Gupta Empire? Pushpabhuti .
- Who stands out prominent among the rulers of the dynasty of Pushpabhuti? Harshavardhana.
- Who was the well known scholar during the time of Harshavardhana? Banabhatta.
- Who wrote Harshacharitha? Banabhatta.
- Where did Harsha hold the religious assemblies? At Kanauj, his capital and Prayaga.
- Where was the capital of the kingdom of Pallava? Kancheepuram.
- Who was the great ruler of the Pallava dynasty? NarasimhaVarman I.
- Which was the capital of Chalukyas? Badami.
- Which religious movement was prominent at the time of Pallavas? Bhakti.
- The university at……….was a renowned seat of learning at the time of Pallavas? Kanchi.
- Who founded the Chalukya kingdom? Jayasimha.
- Who expanded the Chalukya kingdom? Pulakesin I.
- ………..is a series of military operations for a specific purpose? Campaign.
- The story of Indian literature dates back to more than ………years? 3000years.
- Indian literature begins with what? Vedas.
- Which are the two epics that which dominated the after the Vedas? Ramayana and Mahabharatha.
- The Ramayana consists of ……….verses? 24000
- Which Indian epic is known as the world’s largest poem? Mahabharata.
- Which is the most influential of all Hindu texts? BhagavadaGita.
- The idea of classical Hinduism developed by what? Puranas.
- Who is the most admired Sanskrit dramatist? Kalidasa.
- Which is the best known play of Kalidasa? AbhijnanaSakuntalam.
- Pali literature includes the colourful …………tales? Jataka.
- Who is the most famous sangam poetess? Avvaiyar.
- Which are the two important Tamil epics? Silappadhikaram and Manimekalai.
- Silappadhikaram is written by whom? Ilango- Adigal.
- Manimekalai is written by whom? Chatthanar.
- Trirukkural is written by whom? Thiruvalluvar.
- Kannada literature was influenced by which religion? Jainism.
- Where do we have the finest cave paintings? Ajanta.
- The wall paintings of Ajanta depict events in the life of whom? Gautam Buddha.
- Which temple sculptures are known as the excellent specimens of Indian sculpture? Ratha Temple.
- Who is known as the father of surgery? Sushruta.
Geography
- What does separate Asia from Europe? Ural mountains
- In the north Africa is bounded by what? Mediterranean sea
- What is the shape of Indian Ocean? Triangular
- The atmosphere approximately extends upto what? 1600Km.
- The next layer above the stratosphere is called what? Mesosphere
- A narrow passage of water connecting two seas is called what? Strait
- The lowest layer of the atmosphere is called what? Troposphere
- What is the height of Mount Everest? 8848 feet
- The combined landmass of Europe and Asia is called what? Eurasia.
- The link between north and South America is called what? Isthumas of Panama
- Which are the two research stations of India in Antartica? Maitri and DaksinGangotri.
- Which continent is known as an island continent? Australia
- Which Ocean is having the shape of ‘S’? Atlantic Ocean.
- Which Ocean is having a long and indented coast line? Atlantic
- Which gas makes up around 78% of the total atmosphere? Nitrogen
- Which is the heaviest gas in the atmosphere? Carbon dioxide
- What is the content that which determines the humidity of the air? Water vapour
- What is the name of the deepest part of the earth? Mariana Trench
- Which is the largest hot desert of the world? Sahara
- What is the depth of Mariana Trench? 11,033.
- The land forms are the result of two conflicting processes which are they? Internal andexternal
- Give an example for the internal process of conflict? Volcanic eruption and earth quake.
- Give an example for the external process of conflict? Running water, moving ice, wind etc.
- The wearing down of the earth’s surface is called what? Degradation or erosion.
- The rebuilding process of earth’s surface is called what? Aggradation.
- ………..is a conical mass of land rising to much greater heights than the surrounding areas.Mountain.
- The pointed top of a mountain is called what? Peak.
- What is the height of Mount Everest? 8848 meters.
- Mountains genrallyexis tin achain or line called a ………? Range.
- Small mountains with rounded tops are called what? Hills
- Which are the most famous hills in the world ?Loess hills and the Black Hills.
- The permanent frozen rivers of ice in the mountains are called what? Glaciers.
- Which are the glaciers found in India? Siachen and Gangotri.
- Which are the three types of mountains? Fold, Block and Volcanic.
- Which type of mountain is the most common type mountain? Fold mountain.
- Give examples of fold mountains? Himalayas, Alps, Andes, Appalanchians , Urals, Aravallis.
- Which is the oldest fold mountain system in the world? The Aravalli range.
- During the process of block mountains the uplifted blocks are called what? Horsts or block mountains.
- During the process of block mountains the lowered blocks are called what? Rift valleys or Grabens.
- Give an example for the block mountain? The Vosges and Black forest.
- Give an example for the rift valley? Rhine valley.
- What is an another name for molten rock inside the volcano? Magma
- The molten rock that which breaks through the earth’s crust is known as what? Lava.
- …………..is a large high land area of fairly level and separated from surrounding land by steep slopes. Plateau.
- How much percent of the earth’s land surface is covered by the plateaus? 45
- Which is the oldest plateau in the world? Deccan of India.
- Which is the highest plateau in the world? Plateau of Tibet to the North of the Himalayas.
- What is the height of the highest plateau in the world? 4000 to 6000mtrs.
- Plateaus are made up of what? Old rocks.
- Which plateau is rich in gold, diamond, copper, uranium etc.? African
- In India which plateau is rich with coal, iron,, manganese and bauxite? Chhotanagpur.
- Give two examples of world famous water falls in the Plateau regions? Victoria, Niagra.
- Most plains have been formed by what? Rivers and their tributaries.
- Thus the plains formed by rivers are called ……….? Alluvial plains.
- …………..is a hollowed part or depression on the surface of the earth. Valley.
- …………..is a huge mass of ice that flows slowly over land. Glacier.
- …………..is a sunken part between the two blocks of earth’s surface? Garbens.
- The process of wearing away is called what? Erosion.
- The Nile basin is an example of what? Plain.
- In which hemisphere India is located? Northern Hemisphere.
- As per the latitudes and longitudes the local time changes howmany minutes per 1degree? 4miniutes
- Srilanka is separated from the Asian main land by ………..? Palk Strait.
- What is the maximum width of India from east to west? 2900km.
- What is the North South distance of India? 3200km.
- India is divided into how many states? 29
- How many union territories we have/ 7
- Which union territory is known as the national capital? Delhi.
- What is the word meaning of Himalaya? The house of snow.
- Mount Everest belongs to which country? Nepal.
- The highest peak in India is ………….? Kanchenjunga peak.
- Where the river Brahmaputra does originates from? Himadri or Greater Himalayas.
- What is an another name for lesser Himalayas? Himachal.
- Which is the lowest ranges of the Himalayas? Shivalik or Lower Himalayas.
- The shivalik range is called ………..region? Tarai.
- In the northeast, the extensions of the Himalayas are known as what? Purvachal Mountains.
- The Great Northern plain also called the …………? Indo-Gangetic plain.
- Which region is known as the Food Bowl of India? Northern plain or indo gangetic region.
- The great Indian desert is also known as what? Thar.
- What is the length of great Indian desert? 800km.
- What is the width of great Indian desert? 500km.
- To the south of the Indian desert is salt marsh which is also known as………..? Rann ofKachchh.
- The most famous waterfalls in the Deccan plateau is ………..? Jog falls.
- India”s coastline is about……………..km? 7500km.
- The western coastal plain in the north is known as what? Konkan.
- In the south western coastal line is known as what? Malabar.
- Which are the two major rivers in the western coastal plain? Narmada and the Tapti.
- The southernmost tip of the peninsular India meets at a point called …………..? Cape Comorin.
- Which town is situated at Cape Comorin? Kanyakumari.
- ……….is a piece of land surrounded by water. An island.
- There are two groups of islands that are a part of our country which are they? Andaman and Nicobar and the Lakshadweep islands.
- Andaman and Nicobar islands are the collection of …………islands? 300
- How many islands are inhabited in Andaman and Nicobar? 20
- Lakshadweep islands are the collection of ……………islands? 36 coral islands.
- In the Nicobar Islands the southernmost part is the ………….point? Indira point.
- In the Lakshadweep islands how many are inhabited? 10.
- ……………are skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps? Corals.
- Soil made of sand, salt, and earth is known as……….? Alluvium or silt.
- India has an area about ………….sq.km. 32.8million.
- The river that falls into the Arabian Sea is………….? Narmada.
- The Indian islands in the Bay of Bengal are known as……………..? Andaman and Nicobar.
- ……………is a group of tiny coral islands? Lakshadweep.
- Name the delta formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra? Sunderben in West Bengal.
- In which hemisphere India is located? Northern.
- Hills of loose sand are known as what? Sand Dunes.
- What will be the approximate height of Lower Himalayas or Shivalik range? Less than 3000mtrs.
- Area wise India ranks ……….in the world? 7th
- The ………..plateau is drained by the rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri? Deccan.
- The river Yangtze flows in which country? China.
- Mountains in a chain or line are called …………….? Range
- The process of wearing away is known as…………..? Erosion.
Sociology