Objective Questions
1)
All of the following are true about archaea except
A)
They are prokaryotes.
B)
They lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
C)
Some are thermoacidophiles; others are extreme halophiles.
D)
They evolved before bacteria.
E)
Some produce methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
2)
Which of the following characterizes the Domain Bacteria?
A)
Prokaryotic cells; ether linkages in phospholipids
B)
Eukaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids
C)
Prokaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids
D)
Complex cellular structures
E)
Multicellular
3)
If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences, you can conclude all of the following except
A)
They are related.
B)
They evolved from a common ancestor.
C)
They will have similar G-C ratios.
D)
They will both ferment lactose.
E)
None of the above.
4)
The outstanding characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi is
A)
All members are photosynthetic.
B)
Absorption of dissolved organic matter.
C)
Absorption of dissolved inorganic matter.
D)
All members are microscopic.
E)
All members are macroscopic.
5)
All of the following are true about the members of the Kingdom Plantae except
A)
They are multicellular.
B)
They have eukaryotic cells.
C)
They can photosynthesize.
D)
They use organic carbon sources.
E)
They use inorganic energy sources.
6)
All of the following are true about the members of the Kingdom Animalia except
A)
They are multicellular.
B)
They have eukaryotic cells.
C)
They can photosynthesize.
D)
They use organic carbon sources.
E)
They use organic energy sources.
7)
A genus can best be defined as
A)
A taxon composed of families.
B)
A taxon comprised of one or more species and below family.
C)
A taxon belonging to a species.
D)
A taxon comprised of classes.
E)
The most specific taxon.
8)
A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A)
Does not breed with other species.
B)
Has a limited geographical distribution.
C)
Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
D)
Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
E)
All of the above are true.
9)
Which of the following is the best evidence for a three-domain system?
A)
There are three distinctly different cell structures.
B)
There are three distinctly different cellular chemical compositions.
C)
There are three distinctly different Gram reactions.
D)
Some bacteria live in extreme environments.
E)
None of the above.
10)
Biochemical tests are used to determine
A)
Staining characteristics.
B)
Amino acid sequences.
C)
Nucleic acid-base composition.
D)
Enzymatic activities.
E)
All of the above.
11)
Which of the following is not based on nucleic-acid hybridization?
A)
DNA chip
B)
FISH
C)
PCR
D)
Southern blotting
E)
Western blotting
12)
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on
A)
Cell morphology.
B)
Gram-reaction.
C)
rRNA sequences.
D)
Habitat.
E)
All of the above.
13)
All of the following are reasons for classifying viruses in the three domains and not in a fourth domain except
A)
Some viruses can incorporate their genome into a host's genome.
B)
Viruses direct anabolic pathways of host cells.
C)
Viruses are obligate parasites.
D)
Viruses are not composed of cells.
E)
None of the above.
14)
Which of the following provides taxonomic information that includes the others?
A)
Nucleic acid hybridization
B)
Nucleic acid-base composition
C)
Amino acid sequencing
D)
Biochemical tests
E)
Cladogram
15)
Which of the following is in the correct order from the most general to the most specific?
A)
Kingdomphylumclassorderfamilygenusspecies
B)
Kingdomclassorderfamilyphylumgenusspecies
C)
Speciesgenusfamilyorderclassphylumkingdom
D)
Speciesgenusphylumfamilyorderclasskingdom
E)
Phylumkingdomclassordergenusfamilyspecies
16)
Fossil evidence indicates that prokaryotic cells first existed on the Earth
A)
350 years ago.
B)
3500 years ago.
C)
3.5 million years ago.
D)
3.5 billion years ago.
E)
3.5 × 1012 years ago.
17)
Protist is a diverse group of organisms that are similar in
A)
rRNA sequences.
B)
Metabolic type.
C)
Motility.
D)
Ecology.
E)
None of the above.
18)
Yeasts belong to the Kingdom
A)
Animalia.
B)
Plantae.
C)
Protista.
D)
Fungi.
E)
Bacteria.
19)
In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
A)
Specific epithet.
B)
Genus.
C)
Family.
D)
Order.
E)
Kingdom.
20)
The arrangement of organisms into taxa
A)
Shows degrees of relatedness between organisms.
B)
Shows relationships to common ancestors.
C)
Was designed by Charles Darwin.
D)
Is arbitrary.
E)
Is based on evolution.
21)
Bacteria and archaea are similar in which of the following?
A)
Peptidoglycan cell walls.
B)
Methionine is the start signal for protein synthesis.
C)
Sensitivity to antibiotics.
D)
Possess prokaryotic cells.
E)
None of the above.
22)
Which of the following best defines a strain?
A)
A population of cells that differs from other members of the species.
B)
A group of organisms with a limited geographical distribution.
C)
A pure culture.
D)
A group of cells all derived from a single parent.
E)
The same as a species.
23)
Serological testing is based on the fact that
A)
All bacteria have the same antigens.
B)
Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
C)
The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
D)
Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
E)
Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.
24)
Phage typing is based on the fact that
A)
Bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
B)
Viruses cause disease.
C)
Bacterial viruses attack specific cells.
D)
Staphylococcus causes infections.
E)
Phages and bacteria are related.
25)
Organism A has 70 moles % G+C and organism B has 40 moles % G+C. Which of the following can be concluded from these data?
A)
The two organisms are related.
B)
The two organisms are unrelated.
C)
The organisms make entirely different enzymes.
D)
Their nucleic acids will not hybridize.
E)
None of the above.
26)
Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that
A)
The strands of DNA can be separated.
B)
A chromosome is composed of complementary strands.
C)
Pairing between complementary bases occurs.
D)
DNA is composed of genes.
E)
None of the above.
27)
One of the most popular taxonomic tools is DNA fingerprinting to develop profiles of organisms. These profiles provide direct information about
A)
Enzymatic activities.
B)
Protein composition.
C)
The presence of specific genes.
D)
Antigenic composition.
E)
None of the above.
28)
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a valuable tool for environmental microbiologists for all of the following reasons except
A)
To detect uncultured microbes.
B)
To demonstrate the diversity of microbes in an environment.
C)
To observe microbes in their natural environment in association with other microbes.
D)
To obtain pure cultures of microbes.
E)
All of the above.
29)
Which of the following is most useful in determining whether two organisms are related?
A)
If both ferment lactose.
B)
If both are gram-positive.
C)
If both are motile.
D)
If both are aerobic.
E)
All are equally important.
30)
A clone is
A)
Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
B)
A genetically engineered cell.
C)
A taxon composed of species.
D)
A mound of cells on an agar medium.
E)
None of the above.
Figure 10.1
A nucleic acid hybridization experiment produced the following results.
31)
In Figure 10.1, which figure shows the most closely related organisms?
A)
a
B)
b
C)
c
D)
d
E)
e
Table 10.1
1. / 9+2 flagella2. / Nucleus
3. / Plasma membrane
4. / Peptidoglycan
5. / Mitochondrion
6. / Fiimbriae
32)
In Table 10.1, which is (are) found in all Eukarya?
A)
2, 3, 5
B)
1, 4, 6
C)
3, 5
D)
2, 3
E)
All of them
33)
In Table 10.1, which is (are) found only in prokaryotes?
A)
1, 2, 3
B)
4, 6
C)
2
D)
1
E)
2, 4, 5
Figure 10.2
This figure shows the results of a gel electrophoresis separation of restriction fragments of the DNA of different organisms.
34)
In Figure 10.2, which two are most closely related?
A)
1 and 3
B)
2 and 4
C)
3 and 5
D)
2 and 5
E)
4 and 5
35)
Into which group would you place a photosynthetic cell that lacks a nucleus?
A)
Animalia
B)
Bacteria
C)
Fungi
D)
Plantae
E)
Protist
36)
Into which group would you place a multicellular heterotroph with chitin cell walls?
A)
Animalia
B)
Archaea
C)
Bacteria
D)
Fungi
E)
Plantae
37)
You discovered a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and peptidoglycan. You suspect the organism is in the group
A)
Animalia.
B)
Archaea.
C)
Bacteria.
D)
Fungi.
E)
Plantae.
38)
Into which group would you place a unicellular organism that has 70S ribosomes and a peptidoglycan cell wall?
A)
Animalia
B)
Bacteria
C)
Fungi
D)
Plantae
E)
Protist
Table 10.2
39)
Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative rod that ferments lactose and uses citric acid as its sole carbon source.
A)
Citrobacter
B)
Escherichia
C)
Lactobacillus
D)
Pseudomonas
E)
Staphylococcus
40)
Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative coccus.
A)
Neisseria
B)
Pseudomonas
C)
Staphylococcus
D)
Streptococcus
E)
Micrococcus
41)
Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside the human liver?
A)
Animalia
B)
Fungi
C)
Plantae
D)
Firmicutes (Gram-positive bacteria)
E)
Proteobacteria (Gram-negative bacteria)
42)
Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?
A)
Animalia
B)
Fungi
C)
Plantae
D)
Firmicutes (Gram-positive bacteria)
E)
Proteobacteria (Gram-negative bacteria)
Figure 10.3
43)
Using the cladogram shown in Figure 10.3, which two organisms are most closely related?
A)
Streptomyces and Micrococcus
B)
Micrococcus and Mycobacterium
C)
Mycobacterium and Lactobacillus
D)
Streptomyces and Lactobacillus
E)
Streptomyces and Mycobacterium
44)
Which of the following indicates that two organisms are closely related?
A)
Both are cocci.
B)
Both ferment lactose.
C)
Their DNA can hybridize.
D)
Both normally live in clams.
E)
All of the above.
45)
Data collected to date indicate that
A)
Humans and marine mammals cannot be infected by the same pathogens.
B)
Marine mammals do not get infectious diseases.
C)
New species of bacteria may be discovered in wild animals.
D)
Marine mammals don't have an immune system.
E)
None of the above.