1
COMMISSION ON PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
Fourth Session
Rome, 30 March – 3 April 2009
Adoption of International Standards – Under the Special Process
Agenda Item 9.3 of the Provisional Agenda
1.This document presents 14 draft irradiation phytosanitary treatments.The Standards Committee (SC) has recommended these treatments for adoption by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM).
2.The 14 draft irradiation phytosanitary treatments are as follows:
Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha ludens
Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha obliqua
Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha serpentina
Irradiation treatment for Bactrocera jarvisi
Irradiation treatment for Bactrocera tryoni
Irradiation treatment for Conotrachelus nenuphar
Irradiation treatment for Cydia pomonella
Irradiation treatment forCylas formicarius elegantulus
Irradiation treatment for Euscepes postfasciatus
Irradiation treatment for fruit flies of the family Tephritidae (generic)
Irradiation treatment for Grapholita molesta
Irradiation treatment for Grapholita molesta under hypoxia
Irradiation treatment for Omphisa anastomosalis
Irradiation treatment for Rhagoletis pomonella
3.The Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatments (TPPT) oversees the development of phytosanitary treatments. At its meeting in December 2006, the TPPT discussed various irradiation treatment submissions provided in response to the 2006 call for submissions for phytosanitary treatments. From these, the TPPT recommended 14 irradiation treatments to the SC. The draft irradiation phytosanitary treatments were reviewed via e-mail by the SC in July 2007 and sent for member consultation under the fast-track process in October 2007.
4.Under the fast-track process, the Secretariat was requested to try to resolve formal objections received as a result of member consultation.The Secretariat, with the assistance of the TPPT members, attempted to resolve the formal objections received on these draft standards. However, the IPPC Secretariat was not able to resolve allformal objections prior to CPM-3(2008).
5.CPM-3 adopted a revised IPPC standard setting procedure, which created the special standard setting process, and agreed to move all draft standards under the fast-track process into the special process. Under the special process:
if no formal objection is received up to 14 days prior to the CPM, the draft standard will beadopted by the CPM without discussion;
a formal objection should be a technically supported objection to the adoption of the draft standard in its current form, sentthrough the official IPPC contact point. The Secretariat would not make any judgement about the validity of the objection –an objection with some technical discussion of the issue would be accepted as a formal objection;
if a formal objection is received at least 14 days prior to the CPM, the draft standard is returned to the SC. The SC decides, possibly via electronic means, how to proceed, including the possibility of submitting it to the CPM for adoption through the regular process.Formal objections, if any,will be posted on the IPP as soon as possible to ensure that contracting parties are aware of them before CPM.
6.CPM-3 also agreed that the topic of the development of Annex 1 to ISPM No. 18 (Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure) be removed from the standard setting work programme, and that adopted treatments should be annexed to ISPM No. 28 (Phytosanitary treatments for regulated pests).
7.After CPM-3, the TPPT continued their review of the formal objections submitted during the member consultation period of the fast-track process. Under the special standard setting process, these objections were considered as comments. The draft treatments were revised by the TPPT taking into account comments received and recommended to the SC via e-mail. In August 2008, the SC agreed that the revised draft treatments could be submitted for a second round of member consultation, noting that pest taxonomic information should be added for each treatment.
8.The IPPC Secretariat noted that, under the special process, the SC could determine how to proceed after considering member comments and proposed that the SC recommend the revised draft treatments to CPM-4 for adoption. The SC again reviewed the draft treatments, making minor modifications to the footnotes and agreed to recommend them to CPM-4 for adoption.
9.The CPM is invited to:
- Adoptas annexes to ISPM No. 28 (Phytosanitary treatments for regulated pests) the irradiation treatments contained in Annexes 1-14.
CPM 2009/22ANNEX 1
Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha ludens
Annex to ISPM No. 28
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR
PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
Annex to ISPM No. 28 (PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS FOR REGULATED PESTS)
Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha ludens
(2009)
Endorsement
This phytosanitary treatment was adopted by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in ----.
Scope of the treatment
This treatment applies to the irradiation of fruits and vegetables at 70 Gy minimum absorbed dose to prevent the emergence of adults of Anastrepha ludens at the stated efficacy. This treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements outlined in ISPM No. 18 (Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure)[1].
Treatment description
Name of treatment / Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha ludensActive ingredient / N/A
Treatment type / Irradiation
Target pest / Anastrephaludens(Loew)(Diptera: Tephritidae)
Target regulated articles / All fruits and vegetables that are hosts of Anastrephaludens.
Treatment schedule / Minimum absorbed dose of 70 Gy to prevent the emergence of adults of Anastrepha ludens.
Efficacy and confidence level of the treatment is ED99.9968 at the 95% confidence level.
Treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements of ISPM No. 18 (Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure).
This irradiation treatment should not be applied to fruit and vegetables stored in modified atmospheres.
Other relevant information / Since irradiation may not result in outright mortality, inspectors may encounter live, but non-viable Anastrephaludens (larvae and/or pupae) during the inspection process. This does not imply a failure of the treatment.
The Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatments based its evaluation of this treatment on the research work undertaken by Hallman Martinez (2001) that determined the efficacy of irradiation as a treatment for this pest in Citrus paradisi.
Extrapolation of treatment efficacy to all fruits and vegetables was based on knowledge and experience that radiation dosimetry systems measure the actual radiation dose absorbed by the target pest independent of host commodity, and evidence from research studies on a variety of pests and commodities. These include studies on the following pests and hosts: Anastrepha ludens (Citrus paradisi and Mangiferaindica), A. suspensa (Averrhoa carambola, Citrus paradisiand Mangiferaindica), Bactrocera tryoni (Citrus sinensis, Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Malus domestica,Mangiferaindica, Persea americana and Prunus avium),Cydia pomonella (Malus domestica and artificial diet) and Grapholita molesta (Malus domestica and artificial diet) (Bustos et al., 2004; Gould & von Windeguth, 1991; Hallman, 2004, Hallman & Martinez, 2001; Jessup et al., 1992; Mansour, 2003; von Windeguth, 1986; von Windeguth & Ismail, 1987). It is recognised, however, that treatment efficacy has not been tested for all potential fruit and vegetable hosts of the target pest. If evidence becomes available to show that the extrapolation of the treatment to cover all hosts of this pest is incorrect, then the treatment will be reviewed.
References / Bustos, M. E., Enkerlin, W., Reyes, J. & Toledo, J. 2004. Irradiation of mangoes as a postharvest quarantine treatment for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 286292.
Gould, W. P. & von Windeguth, D. L. 1991. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for carambolas infested with Caribbean fruit flies. Florida Entomologist, 74: 297300.
Hallman, G. J. 2004. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatment against Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 824827.
Hallman, G. J. & Martinez, L. R. 2001. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatments against Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in citrus fruits. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 23: 7177.
Jessup, A. J., Rigney, C. J., Millar, A., Sloggett, R. F. & Quinn, N. M. 1992. Gamma irradiation as a commodity treatment against the Queensland fruit fly in fresh fruit. Proceedings of the Research Coordination Meeting on Use of Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment of Food and Agricultural Commodities, 1990: 1342.
Mansour, M. 2003. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for apples infested by codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 127: 137141.
von Windeguth, D. L. 1986. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Caribbean fruit fly infested mangoes. Proceedings of the FloridaState Horticultural Society, 99: 131134.
von Windeguth, D. L. & Ismail, M. A. 1987. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Florida grapefruit infested with Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Proceedings of the FloridaState Horticultural Society,100: 57.
Draft phytosanitary treatment - Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha ludens / 1
CPM 2009/22ANNEX 2
Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha obliqua
Annex to ISPM No. 28
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR
PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
Annex to ISPM No. 28 (PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS FOR REGULATED PESTS)
Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha obliqua
(2009)
Endorsement
This phytosanitary treatment was adopted by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in ----.
Scope of the treatment
This treatment applies to the irradiation of fruits and vegetables at 70 Gy minimum absorbed dose to prevent the emergence of adults of Anastrepha obliqua at the stated efficacy. This treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements outlined in ISPM No. 18 (Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure)[2].
Treatment description
Name of treatment / Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha obliquaActive ingredient / N/A
Treatment type / Irradiation
Target pest / Anastrephaobliqua(Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Target regulated articles / All fruits and vegetables, including nuts, that are hosts of Anastrephaobliqua.
Treatment schedule / Minimum absorbed dose of 70 Gy to prevent the emergence of adults of Anastrephaobliqua.
Efficacy and confidence level of the treatment is ED99.9968 at the 95% confidence level.
Treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements of ISPM No. 18 (Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure).
This irradiation treatment should not be applied to fruit and vegetables stored in modified atmospheres.
Other relevant information / Since irradiation may not result in outright mortality, inspectors may encounter live, but non-viable Anastrephaobliqua (larvae and/or pupae) during the inspection process. This does not imply a failure of the treatment.
The Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatments based its evaluation of this treatment on the research work undertaken by Bustos et al. (2004), Hallman & Martinez (2001) and Hallman & Worley (1999) that determined the efficacy of irradiation as a treatment for this pest in Citrus paradisi andMangiferaindica.
Extrapolation of treatment efficacy to all fruits and vegetables was based on knowledge and experience that radiation dosimetry systems measure the actual radiation dose absorbed by the target pest independent of host commodity, and evidence from research studies on a variety of pests and commodities. These include studies on the following pests and hosts: Anastrepha ludens (Citrus paradisi and Mangiferaindica), A. suspensa (Averrhoa carambola, Citrus paradisiand Mangiferaindica), Bactrocera tryoni (Citrus sinensis, Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Malus domestica,Mangiferaindica, Persea americana and Prunus avium),Cydia pomonella (Malus domestica and artificial diet) and Grapholita molesta (Malus domestica and artificial diet) (Bustos et al., 2004; Gould & von Windeguth, 1991; Hallman, 2004, Hallman & Martinez, 2001; Jessup et al., 1992; Mansour, 2003; von Windeguth, 1986; von Windeguth & Ismail, 1987). It is recognised, however, that treatment efficacy has not been tested for all potential fruit and vegetable hosts of the target pest. If evidence becomes available to show that the extrapolation of the treatment to cover all hosts of this pest is incorrect, then the treatment will be reviewed.
References / Bustos, M. E., Enkerlin, W., Reyes, J. & Toledo, J. 2004. Irradiation of mangoes as a postharvest quarantine treatment for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 286292.
Gould, W. P. & von Windeguth, D. L. 1991. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for carambolas infested with Caribbean fruit flies. Florida Entomologist, 74: 297300.
Hallman, G. J. 2004. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatment against Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 824827.
Hallman, G. J. & Martinez, L. R. 2001. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatments against Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in citrus fruits. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 23: 7177.
Hallman, G. J. Worley, J. W. 1999. Gamma radiation doses to prevent adult emergence from immatures of Mexican and West Indian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 92: 967973.
Jessup, A. J., Rigney, C. J., Millar, A., Sloggett, R. F., & Quinn, N. M. 1992. Gamma irradiation as a commodity treatment against the Queensland fruit fly in fresh fruit. Proceedings of the Research Coordination Meeting on Use of Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment of Food and Agricultural Commodities, 1990: 1342.
Mansour, M. 2003. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for apples infested by codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 127: 137141.
von Windeguth, D. L. 1986. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Caribbean fruit fly infested mangoes. Proceedings of the FloridaState Horticultural Society, 99: 131134.
von Windeguth, D. L. & Ismail, M. A. 1987. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Florida grapefruit infested with Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Proceedings of the FloridaState Horticultural Society,100: 57.
Draft phytosanitary treatment - Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha obliqua/ 1
CPM 2009/22ANNEX 3
Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha serpentina
Annex to ISPM No. 28
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR
PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
Annex to ISPM No. 28 (PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS FOR REGULATED PESTS)
Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha serpentina
(2009)
Endorsement
This phytosanitary treatment was adopted by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in ----.
Scope of the treatment
This treatment applies to the irradiation of fruits and vegetables at 100 Gy minimum absorbed dose to prevent the emergence of adults of Anastrepha serpentina at the stated efficacy. This treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements outlined in ISPM No. 18 (Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure)[3].
Treatment description
Name of treatment / Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha serpentinaActive ingredient / N/A
Treatment type / Irradiation
Target pest / Anastrephaserpentina (Wiedmann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Target regulated articles / All fruits and vegetables that are hosts of Anastrephaserpentina.
Treatment schedule / Minimum absorbed dose of 100 Gyto prevent the emergence of adults of Anastrepha serpentina.
Efficacy and confidence level of the treatment is ED99.9972 at the 95% confidence level.
Treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements of ISPM No. 18 (Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure).
This irradiation treatment should not be applied to fruit and vegetables stored in modified atmospheres.
Other relevant information / Since irradiation may not result in outright mortality, inspectors may encounter live, but non-viable Anastrephaserpentina (larvae and/or pupae) during the inspection process.This does not imply a failure of the treatment.
The Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatments based its evaluation of this treatment on the research work undertaken by Bustos et al. (2004) that determined the efficacy of irradiation as a treatment for this pest in Mangiferaindica.
Extrapolation of treatment efficacy to all fruits and vegetables was based on knowledge and experience that radiation dosimetry systems measure the actual radiation dose absorbed by the target pest independent of host commodity, and evidence from research studies on a variety of pests and commodities. These include studies on the following pests and hosts: Anastrepha ludens (Citrus paradisi and Mangiferaindica), A. suspensa (Averrhoa carambola, Citrus paradisiand Mangiferaindica), Bactrocera tryoni (Citrus sinensis, Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Malus domestica,Mangiferaindica, Persea americana and Prunus avium),Cydia pomonella (Malus domestica and artificial diet) and Grapholita molesta (Malus domestica and artificial diet) (Bustos et al., 2004; Gould & von Windeguth, 1991; Hallman, 2004, Hallman & Martinez, 2001; Jessup et al., 1992; Mansour, 2003; von Windeguth, 1986; von Windeguth & Ismail, 1987). It is recognised, however, that treatment efficacy has not been tested for all potential fruit and vegetable hosts of the target pest. If evidence becomes available to show that the extrapolation of the treatment to cover all hosts of this pest is incorrect, then the treatment will be reviewed.
References / Bustos, M. E., Enkerlin, W., Reyes, J. & Toledo, J. 2004. Irradiation of mangoes as a postharvest quarantine treatment for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 286292.
Gould, W. P. & von Windeguth, D. L. 1991. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for carambolas infested with Caribbean fruit flies. Florida Entomologist, 74: 297300.
Hallman, G. J. 2004. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatment against Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 824827.
Hallman, G. J. & Martinez, L. R. 2001. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatments against Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in citrus fruits. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 23: 7177.
Jessup, A. J., Rigney, C. J., Millar, A., Sloggett, R. F. & Quinn, N. M. 1992. Gamma irradiation as a commodity treatment against the Queensland fruit fly in fresh fruit. Proceedings of the Research Coordination Meeting on Use of Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment of Food and Agricultural Commodities, 1990: 1342.
Mansour, M. 2003. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for apples infested by codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 127: 137141.
von Windeguth, D. L. 1986. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Caribbean fruit fly infested mangoes. Proceedings of the FloridaState Horticultural Society, 99: 131134.
von Windeguth, D. L. & Ismail, M. A. 1987. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Florida grapefruit infested with Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Proceedings of the FloridaState Horticultural Society,100: 57.
Draft phytosanitary treatment - Irradiation treatment for Anastrepha serpentina / 1
CPM 2009/22ANNEX 4
Irradiation treatment for Bactrocera jarvisi
Annex to ISPM No. 28
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR
PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
Annex to ISPM No. 28 (PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS FOR REGULATED PESTS)
Irradiation treatment for Bactrocera jarvisi
(2009)
Endorsement
This phytosanitary treatment was adopted by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in ----.
Scope of the treatment
This treatment applies to the irradiation of fruits and vegetables at 100 Gy minimum absorbed dose to prevent the emergence of adults of Bactrocera jarvisi at the stated efficacy. This treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements outlined in ISPM No. 18 (Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure)[4].
Treatment description
Name of treatment / Irradiation treatment for Bactrocera jarvisiActive ingredient / N/A
Treatment type / Irradiation
Target pest / Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Target regulated articles / All fruits and vegetables that are hosts of Bactrocera jarvisi.
Treatment schedule / Minimum absorbed dose of 100 Gyto prevent the emergence of adults of Bactrocera jarvisi.
Efficacy and confidence level of the treatment is ED99.9981 at the 95% confidence level.
Treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements of ISPM No. 18 (Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure).
This irradiation treatment should not be applied to fruit and vegetables stored in modified atmospheres.
Other relevant information / Since irradiation may not result in outright mortality, inspectors may encounter live, but non-viable Bactrocera jarvisi (larvae and/or pupae) during the inspection process.This does not imply a failure of the treatment.
The Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatments based its evaluation of this treatment on the research work undertaken by Heather et al. (1991) that determined the efficacy of irradiation as a treatment for this pest in Mangiferaindica.
Extrapolation of treatment efficacy to all fruits and vegetables was based on knowledge and experience that radiation dosimetry systems measure the actual radiation dose absorbed by the target pest independent of host commodity, and evidence from research studies on a variety of pests and commodities. These include studies on the following pests and hosts: Anastrepha ludens (Citrus paradisi and Mangiferaindica), A. suspensa (Averrhoa carambola, Citrus paradisiand Mangiferaindica), Bactrocera tryoni (Citrus sinensis, Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Malus domestica,Mangiferaindica, Persea americana and Prunus avium),Cydia pomonella (Malus domestica and artificial diet) and Grapholita molesta (Malus domestica and artificial diet) (Bustos et al., 2004; Gould & von Windeguth, 1991; Hallman, 2004, Hallman & Martinez, 2001; Jessup et al., 1992; Mansour, 2003; von Windeguth, 1986; von Windeguth & Ismail, 1987). It is recognised, however, that treatment efficacy has not been tested for all potential fruit and vegetable hosts of the target pest. If evidence becomes available to show that the extrapolation of the treatment to cover all hosts of this pest is incorrect, then the treatment will be reviewed.
References / Bustos, M. E., Enkerlin, W., Reyes, J. & Toledo, J. 2004. Irradiation of mangoes as a postharvest quarantine treatment for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 286292.
Gould, W. P. & von Windeguth, D. L. 1991. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for carambolas infested with Caribbean fruit flies. Florida Entomologist, 74: 297300.
Hallman, G. J. 2004. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatment against Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 824827.
Hallman, G. J. & Martinez, L. R. 2001. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatments against Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in citrus fruits. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 23: 7177.
Heather, N. W., Corcoran, R. J. & Banos, C. 1991. Disinfestation of mangoes with gamma irradiation against two Australian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 84: 13041307.
Jessup, A. J., Rigney, C. J., Millar, A., Sloggett, R. F. & Quinn, N. M. 1992. Gamma irradiation as a commodity treatment against the Queensland fruit fly in fresh fruit. Proceedings of the Research Coordination Meeting on Use of Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment of Food and Agricultural Commodities, 1990: 1342.
Mansour, M. 2003. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for apples infested by codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 127: 137141.
von Windeguth, D. L. 1986. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Caribbean fruit fly infested mangoes. Proceedings of the FloridaState Horticultural Society, 99: 131134.
von Windeguth, D. L. & Ismail, M. A. 1987. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Florida grapefruit infested with Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Proceedings of the FloridaState Horticultural Society,100: 57.
Draft phytosanitary treatment - Irradiation treatment for Bactrocera jarvisi/ 1