Additional File 4: Bibliography of Included Studies

a)Bibliography of Studies Including a Measure of Contribution to Poverty Alleviation

Adhikari, B., Pervaiz- Baig, S. and Ali Ilftikhar, U. 2010. The use and management of mangrove ecosystems in Pakistan. The Journal of Environment Development. 19:446.
Ahenkan, A and Boon, E. 2010. Commercialization of non-timber forest products in Ghana: Processing, packaging. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment and marketing. Vol.8 (2): 9 6 2 - 9 6 9 .
Ahmade, Sheikh Saeed. Husain, Syed Zahoor. . 2008. Ethno medicinal survey of plants from salt range [Kallar Kahar] of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botony. 40, 3, 1005-1011.
Ajonina, Patience U. Ajonina, Gordon N. Jin, Emmanuel. Mekongo, Fidele. Ayissi, Isidore. Usongo, Leonard. . 2009. Gender role and economics of exploitation, processing and marketing of bivalves and impacts on forest resources in the Sanaga Delta region of Douala-Edea wildlife reserve Cameroon. . International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. 12, 2, 161-172.
Akwetaireho, Simon. Getzner, Michael. . 2010. Livelihood dependence on ecosystem services of local residents: a case study from Mabamba Bay wetlands (Lake Victoria, Uganda). International journal of biodiversity science, ecosystems services & management. 6, 1-2, 75-87.
Altrichter. 2006. Wildlife in the life of local people of the semi-arid Argentine Chaco. Biodiversity and Conservation . 15, 2719-2736.
Ambastha, K. Hussain, S.A. and Badola, R.. 2007. Resource dependence and attitudes of local people toward conservation of Karbartal wetland: a case study from Indo-Gangetic plains. Wetlands Ecol. Management. 15, 287-302.
Amoah, M. Wiafe, E.D.. 2012. Livelihoods of fringe communities and the impacts on the management of conservation area: The case of Kakum National Park in Ghana. International Forestry Review . 14, 1, 1-14.
Appiah, Mark. Blay, Dominic. Damnyag, Lawrence. Dwomoh, Francis K. Pappinen, Ari. Luukkanen, Olavi. . 2009. Dependence on forest resources and tropical deforestation in Ghana. Environmental, Development & Sustainability. 11, 471-487.
Aryal, K.P., Berg, Å, Ogle, B.. 2009. Uncultivated Plants and Livelihood Support – A case study from the Chepang people of Nepal. Ethnobotany Research & Applications. 7, 409-422.
Asaah, Ebenezar K. Tchoundjeu, Zacharie. Leakey, Roger R B. Takousting, Bertin. Njong, James. Edang, Innocent. . 2011. Trees, agroforestry and multifunctional agriculture in Cameroon. International journal of agricultural sustainability. 9, 1, 110-119.
Asquith, N.M., Vargas Rios, M.T., Smith, J.. 2002. Can Forest-Protection Carbon Projects Improve Rural Livelihoods? Analysis Of The Noel Kempff Mercado Climate Action Project, Bolivia. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 7, 323–337.
Aswani, S; Furusawa, T. 2007. Do marine protected areas affect human nutrition and health? A comparison between villages in Roviana, Solomon Islands. Coastal Management. 35, 5, 545-565.
Awotide, O.D., Kehinde, A. and Agbola, P.O. . 2010. Poverty and rural livelihood diversificatiion among farming households in southwest Nigeria. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 8 (1): 367-371.
Bandyopadhyay, S.; Shyamsundar, P.; Baccini, A. 2006. Forests, Biomass Use and Poverty in Malawi: Draft Background Paper for the Malawi Poverty Assessment. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4068,.
Bandyopadhyay, Sushenjit. Shyamsundar, Priya. Baccini, Alessandro.. 2006. Forest, biomeass use and poverty in Malawi, A draft paper for the Malawi poverty assessment .World bank policy research working paper 4068.
Bandyopadhyaya,S.; Humavindu, M.; Shyamsundar, P. & Wang, L.. 2009. Benefits to local communities from community conservancies in Namibia: an assessment. Development Southern Africa. 26,5, 733-754.
Bawa, K.S., Joseph, G. and Setty, S.. 2007. Poverty, biodiversity and institutions in forest-agriculture ecotones in the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalaya ranges of India.. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 121, 287-295.
Béné, C.; Steel, E.; Luadia, B.K. and Gordon, A.. 2009. Fish as the ‘‘bank in the water”– Evidence from chronic-poor communities in Congo. Food Policy. 34 (2009) 108–118.
Boedhihartono, A.K., Gunarso, P., Levang, P. and Sayer, J.. 2007. The principles of conservation and development: Do they apply in Malinau?. Ecology and Society. 12:2 :2.
Brashares, Justin S. Golden, Christopher D. Weinbaum, Karen Z. Barrett, Christopher B. Okello, Grace V. . 2011. Economic and geographics drivers of wildlife consumption in rural Africa . PNAS. 108, 34, 13931-13936.
Brooks, S.E., Reynolds, J.D. and Allison, E.H.. 2008. Sustained by snakes? Seasonal livelihood strategies and resource conservation by Tonle Sap Fishers in Cambodia. Human Ecology . 36: 835-851.
Brown, K.A., Flynn, D.F.B. , Abram, N.K., Ingram, J.C., Johnson, S.E. and Wright, P. . 2011. Assessing natural resource use by forest reliant communities in Madagascar using functional diversity and functional redundancy metrics. Plos One. 6:9: e24107.
Brummett, R.. 2011. Growing fish to make money in Africa. Smartlessons. 1-5.
Carpaneto, G.M., Fusari, A. Okongo, H. . 2007. Subsistence hunting and exploitation of mammals in the Haut-Ogooue province, south-eastern Gabon. Journal of Anthropological Sciences. 85, 183 - 193.
Cavendish, William.. 1999. Empirical regularties in the poverty-environment relationship of African rural households. World Development .
Challe, Joyce FX. Niehof, Anke. Struik, Paul C. . 2011. The significance of gathering wild orchid tubers for orphan household livelihoods in a context of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania . African Journal of AIDS Research . 10, 3, 207-218.
Cocks, M.L. Bangay, L. Wiersum, K.F. Dold, A.P.. 2006. Seeing the wood for the trees: the role of woody resources for the construction of gender specific household cultural artefacts in non-traditional communities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.. Environment, Development & Sustainability. . 8, 519-533.
Coomes, O.. 1996. Income formation among Amazonian peasant households in northeastern Peru: empirical observation and implication for market oriented conservation. . Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers. 22: 51-64.
Crookes, D.. 2003. The contribution of livelihood activities in Limpopo province: Case study evidence from Makua and Manganeng. Development Southern Africa.
Crookes, D; Humphreys, D; Masroh, F.; Tarchie, B and Milner-Gulland, E.J.. 2007. The role of hunting in village livelihoods in the Ashanti region, Ghana. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences.. 10 (2007) No 4, 457-469.
Curran, M. Martin. Smith, D.G.. 2005. The impact of donkey ownership on the livelihoods of femail peri-urban dwellers in Ethiopia. Tropical animal health and production . 37, supp.1, 67-86.
da Silva Dias, J.C.. 2010. Impact of improved vegetable cultivars in overcoming food insecurity. Euphytica. 176, 125–136.
Dahlberg, A.C. and Trygger, S.B.. 2009. Indigenous medicine and primary health care: the importance of lay knowledge and use of medicinal plants in rural South Africa. Human Ecology. 37: 79-94.
Dahmardeh, M., Dahmardeh, M., Yazdani, S., Piri, E.. 2009. The socio-economic effects of Hamoon Lake in Sistan region of Iran. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 7, 2, 799-802.
Dansi, A., Vodouhe, R., Azokopota, P., Yedomonhan, H., Assogba, P., Adjatin, A. Loko, Y.L., Dossou-Aminon, I. and Akpagana. 2012. Diversity of the neglected and underutilized crop species of importance in Benin. The Scientific World Journal.
Dar, N.I., Minhas, R.A., Zaman, Q., Linkie, M. . 2009. Predicting the patterns, perceptions and causes of human-carnivore conflict in and around Machiara National Park, Pakistan. . Biological Conservation. 142, 2076-2082.
Das, N. . 2010. Incidence of forest income on reduction of inequality: Evidence from forest dependent households in milieu of joint forest management. . Ecological Economics. 69, 1617-1625.
de Merode, E., Homewood, K., and Cowlishaw, G.. 2004. The value of bushmeat and other wild foods to rural households living in extreme poverty in Democratic Republic of Congo. Biological Conservation. 118, 573-581.
Debnarayan, S. and Nimai, D.. 2007. Efficiency of market behaviour of NTFPs for households under JFMP: A case study in West Bengal . Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 62, 1, 80-98.
Delang, C.O.. 2006. Not just minor forest products: The economic rationale for the consumption of wild food plants by subsistence farmers. . Ecological Economics. 59, 64-73.
Delang, C.O.. 2006. The role of wild food plants in poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation in tropical countries. Progress in Development Studies. 6,4, 275-286.
Douglas, Ian. . 2012. Urban ecology and urban ecosystems: understanding the links to human health and well being . Current opinion in environmental sustainability. 4, 385-392.
Dovie, D.B., Witkowski, E.T.F., Shackleton, C.M.. 2003. Direct-use value of smallholder crop production in a semi-arid rural South African village. Agricultural Systems . 76, 337–357.
Dovie, Delali B.K. Shackleton, Charlie M. Witkowski, E.T.F. . 2007. Conceptualizing the human use of wild edible herbs for conservation in South African communan areas. Journal of Environmental Management . 84, 146-156.
Duc, N.M.. 2009. Economic contribution of fish culture to farm income in Southeast Vietnam. Aquaculture International. 17:15–29.
Duc, Nguyen Minh.. 2009. Contribution of fish production to farmers' subjective well-being in Vietnam - A logistic model. Journal of the World aquaculture society . 40, 3, 417 - 424.
Duguma, Lalisa Alemayehu.. 2012. Financial analysis of agroforestry land uses and its implications for smallholder farmers livelihood improvements in Ethiopia. Agroforestry systems.
Fisher, M and Shively, G. 2005. Can income programs reside tropical forest pressure? Income shocks and forest use in Malawi. World Development. 33, 7, 1115-1128.
Fu, X., Chen, J., Guo, H., Chen, A. and Cui, J. . 2009. Rain forest dwellers'livelihoods: income generation, household wealth and NTFP sales, a case study from Xishuangbanna, SW China. INternational Journal of Sustainable development and World Ecology. 16 (5): 332-338.
Fu, Y., Chen, J., Guo, H., Chen, A., Cui, J., Hu, H.. 2009. The role of non-timber forest products during agroecosystem shift in Xishuangbanna, southwestern China. Forest Policy and Economics . 11, 18–25.
Glaser, M.. 2003. Interrelations between mangrove ecosystem, local economy and social sustainability in Caeté Estuary, North Brazil. Wetlands Ecology and Management. 11, 265-272.
Gordon, Ian. Ayiemba, Washington.. 2003. Harnessing butterfly biodiversity for improving livelihoods and forest conservation: The Kipepeo project . Journal of environment and development . 12, 1, 2003.
Graham, Nicholas A J. Ainsworth, Tracy D. Baird, Andrew H. Ban, Natalie C. Bay, Line K. Cinner, Joshua E. De Freitas, Debora M. Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo Diaz. Dornelas, Maria. Dunn, Simon R. Fidelman, Pedro I J. Forest, Sylvain. Good, Tatjana C. Kool, Johnathan. Mallela, Jennie. Penin, Lucie. Pratchett, Morgan S. Williamson, David H. . 2011. From microbes to people: Tractable benefits of no-take areas for coral reefs. . Oceanography and marine biology: An annual review. 49, 105-136.
Guebert-Bartholo, F.M., Barletta, M., Costa, M.F., Lucena, L.R. and Pereira da Silva, C. . 2011. Fishery and use of space in a tropical semi arid estuarine region of northeast Brazil: subsistence and over exploitation. Journal of Coastal Research. 64: 398-402.
Guei, R.G., Barra, A., Silue, D.. 2011. Promoting smallholder seed enterprises: quality seed production of rice, maize, sorghum and millet in northern Cameroon. . International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 9, 91–99.
Haglund, E., Ndjeunga, J., Snook, L., Pasternak, D.. 2011. Dry land tree management for improved household livelihoods: Farmer managed natural regeneration in Niger.. Journal of Environmental Management . 92, 1696–1705.
Hall, A.. 2008. Paying for environmental services: the case of Brazilian Amazonia. Journal of International Development. 20: 7: 965-981.
Hanazaki, Natalia. Begossi, Alpina.. 2010. Does fish still matter? Changes in the diet of two brazilian fishing communities. Ecology of food and nutrition. 42, 4-5, 279-301.
Hart, Tim. 2005. Local innovations using traditional vegetables to improve soil quality. 79, .
Harun, Rosta. Sulong, Azizah. Wait, Yip Hin. Ismail, Tengku Hanidza. Yusoff, Mohd Kamil. Manaf, Latifah Abdul. Juahir, Hafizan. . 2010. Impacts of forest changes on indigenous people livelihood in Pekan District, Pahang. . Environment Asia. . EnvironmentAsia3(special issue), 156-159.
He, J.. 2010. Globalised forest-products: commodification of the matsutake mushroom in Tibetan villages, Yunnan, Southwest China. International Forestry Review. 12,1,27-37.
Hegde, R., Enters, T.. 2000. Forest products and household economy: a case study from Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India.. Environmental Conservation. 27, 250–259.
Heubach, Katja. Wittig, Rudiger. Nuppenau, Ernst-August. Hahn, Karen. . 2011. The economic importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for livelihood maintenance of rural west African communities: A case study from northern Benin. Ecological Economics. 70, 1991-2001.
High, C and Shackleton, C. . 2000. The comparative value of wild and domestic plants in home gardens of a South African rural village. Agro forestry Systems. 48: 141–156.
Huber, F.K.; Ineichen, R; Yang, Y. and Weckerle, C. . 2010. Livelihood and Conservation Aspects of Non-wood Forest Product Collection in the Shaxi Valley, Southwest China. Economic Botany. 64(3), 189–204..
Hussain, S.A. and Badola, R. . 2010. Valuing mangrove benefits: contribution of mangrove forest to local livelihoods in Bhitarkanika Conservation Area, East Coast of India. Wetlands Ecol.Management. 18:321-331.
Isakson, S.R., . 2009. No hay ganancia en la milpa: the agrarian question, food sovereignty, and the on-farm conservation of agrobiodiversity in the Guatemalan highlands. . The Journal of Peasant Studies . 36, 4, 725–759.
Jensen, A. and Meilby, H. . 2010. Returns from harvesting a commercial non-timber forest product and particular characteristics of harvesters and their strategies: Aquilaria crassna and Agarwood in Lao PDR. Economic Botany . 64:1:34-45.
Jimenez-Badillo, L. 2007. Management challenges of small-scale fishing communities in a protected reef system of Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico. Fisheries Management and Ecology. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2007.00565.x.
Kalliola, R., Flores, P. . 2011. Brazil nut harvesting in Peruvian Amazonia from the perspective of ecosystem services. FENNIA. 189, 2, 1-13.
Kamanga, P., Vedeld, P. and Sjaastad. 2009. Forest incomes and rural livelihoods in Chiradzulu District, Malawi. Ecological economics. 613-624.
Kar, S.B. and Jacobson, M.G.. 2011. NTFP income contribution to household economy and related socio-economic. Forest Policy and Economics factors: Lessons from Bangladesh. 14 (2012) 136–142.
Kaschula, S.A., Shackleton, C.M.. 2009. Quantity and significance of wild meat off-take by a rural community in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Environmental Conservation. 36, 3, 192-200.
Kenichiro, Yamada. Masayuki, Yanagisawa. Yasuyuki, Kono. Eiji, Nawata. . 2004. Use of natural biological resources and their roles in household food security in Northwest Laos. Southeast Asian Studies. 41, 4, 426-443.
Kepe, T. 2003. Use, control and value of craft material - Cyperus Textilis: Perspectives from a Mpondo Village, South Africa. South African Geographical Journal. 85, 2, 152-157.
Kepe, T.. 2008. Social Dynamics of the Value of Wild Edible Leaves ( Imifino) in a South African Rural Area.. Ecology of Food and Nutrition . 47, 6, 531–558.
Kepe, Thembela. 2003. Cannabis sativa and rural livelihoods in South Africa: politics of cultivation, trade in Pondoland. Development southern africa. 20, 5, 605-615.
Khan, M.A., Alam, M.F. and Islam, K.J. . 2012. The impact of co-management on household income and expenditure: An empirical analysis of common property fishery resource management in Bangladesh. Ocean and Coastal Management. 65:67-78.
Kumpel, N., Milner-Gulland, E.J., Cowlishaw, G., Rowcliffe, M.. 2010. Incentives for hunting: the role of bush meat in the household economy in rural Equatorial Guinea. Human Ecology. 38, 251 - 264.
Kusters, K., Achdiawan, R., Blecher, B., Ruiz perez, M.. 2006. Balancing development and conservation? An assessment of livelihood and environmental outcomes of non-timber forest product trade in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Ecology and Society. 11, 2, 20.
Kusters, K; Ros-Tonen, M.A.F; Van den Top, G.M.; Dietz, T. 2001. The potential contribution of non-timber forest product extraction to tropical forest conservation and development: lessons from a case study of bamboo utilisation in a Sierra Madre community, the Philippines. Journal of Bamboo and Rattan. 1, 1, 77-94.
Laird, S.A., Awung, G.L., Lysinge, R.J., Ndive, L.E., . 2011. The interweave of people and place: biocultural diversity in migrant and indigenous livelihoods around Mount Cameroon. International Forestry Review . 13, 3, 275–293.
Laird, Sarah A. Awung, Gabriel Leke. Lysinge, Rita J. . 2007. Cocoa farms in the Mount Cameroon region: biological and cultural diversity in local livelihoods. . Biodiversity and Conservation . 16, 2401-2427.
Lakshmi, C.S. Rama. 2012. Potentiality of eri culture for poverty alleviation in dry land areas of Andhra Pradesh. Indian Silk. 2, 10.
Landon-Lane, Chris. 2004. Benefits of viable home gardens for family health and sustainable livelihoods.
Leminh, M. Abebe, T., Olsson, M. . 2003. Gum and resin resources from some Acacia, Boswellia and Commiphora species and their economic contributions in Liban, south-east Ethiopia.. Journal of Arid Environments. 55, 465-482.
Lesiher, C; van Beukering, P; Scherl, L.M. 2007. Nature's Investment Bank.
Letsela, T., Witkowski, E.T.F. and Balkwill, K.. 2002. Direct use values of commnunal resources in Bokong and Tsehlanyane in Lesotho: whither the commons?. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. 9: 351-368.
Liebenow, D.K., Cohen, M.J., Gumbricht, T., Shepherd, K.D., Shepherd, G. . 2012. Do ecosystem services influence household wealth in rural Mali?. Ecological Economics. 82, 33-44..
Lindsey, P.A., Romanach, S.S., Matema, S., Matema, C., Mupamhadzi, I. Muvengwi, J. . 2011. Dynam ics and underlying causes of illegal bushmeat trade in Zimbabwe. Oryx. 45,1,84-95.
López-Feldman, A.; Mora, J. and Taylor, J.E.. 2006. Does Natural Resource Extraction Mitigate Poverty and Inequality? Evidence from Rural Mexico and a Lacandona Rainforest Community. Working Paper. 06-005.
Lybbert, T., Aboudrare,A., Chaloud, D., Magnan, N., Nash, M. . 2011. Booming markets for Moroccan argan oil appear to benefit some some rural households while threatening the endemic argan forest. . PNAS. 108, 34, 13963-13968.
Machado, F and Gordon, J. 2012. Extracting value from the forest. Lessons for landscapes and livelihoods from the Acre landscape, Brazil.
Maikhuri, R.K., Nautiyal, S., Rao, K.S., Chandrasekhar, K., Gaval, R. and Saxena, K.G. . 2000. Analysis and resolution of protected area-people conflicts in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, India. Environmental Conservation. 27, 1, 43-53.
Mamo, Getachew. Sjaastad, Espen. Vedeld, Pal. . 2006. Economic dependence on forest resources: A case study from Dendi District, Ethiopia. . Forest policy and economics. . 9, 916-927.
Marshall, E. and Newton, A.C.. 2003. Non-timber forest products in the community of El terreroo, Sierra De Manantlan Biosphere Reserve, Mexiico: is their use sustainable?. Economic Botany. 57: 2:262-278.
Marshall, N.A., Marshall, P.A., Abdulla, A. and Rouphael, T. . 2010. The links between resource dependency and attitude of commercial fishers to coral reeff conservation in the Red Sea. Ambio. 39: 305-313.
Mbaiwa, J. E. and Stronza, A.L. . 2010. The effects of tourism development on rural livelihoods in Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 18, 5, 635-656.
Mbaiwa, J. E.. 2011. Changes on traditional livelihood activities and lifestyles caused by tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Tourism Management. 32, 1050-1060.
McElwee, P. . 2009. Reforesting 'Bare Hills' in Vietnam: Social and environmental consequences of 5 million hectare reforestation program. Ambio . 38:6:325-333.
McElwee, Pamela D. . 2010. Resource use among rural agricultural households near protected areas in Vietnam: The social costs of conservation and implications for enforcement. Environmental Management . 451 113-131.
Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S. Devaux, Andre. Antezana, Ivonne. . 2009. Underground assets:potato biodiversity to improve the livelihoods of the poor. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 7, 4, 235-248.
Mendez, V.E., Bacon, C.M., Olson, M., Morris, K., Shattuck, A. . 2010. Agrobiodiversity and Shade Coffee Smallholder Livelihoods: A review and Synthesis of Ten Years of Research in Central America. . The Professional Geographer. 61,3, 357-376.
Mitra, A., Mishra, D.K.. 2011. Environmental resource consumption pattern in rural Arunachal Pradesh. Forest Policy and Economics. 13, 2011, 166–170.
Mmopelwa, G. . 2006. Economic and financial analysis of harvesting and utilization of river reed in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of environmental management . 79, 329-335.
Moreki, J.C., Dikeme, R., and Poroga, B.. 2010. The role of village poultry in food security and HIV AIDS mitigation in Chobe District of Botswana. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 22: 5.
Motiur, R.M., Furukawa, Y., Kawata, I., Rahman, M.M., Alam, M. . 2006. Role of homestead forests in household economy and factors affecting forest production: a case study in southwest Bangladesh. Journal of Forestry Research. 11, 89-97.