Review for Ch. 12 Test

NOMENCLATURE:

Name the following compounds. Indicate cis-trans where applicable.

DRAWING STRUCTURES:

Draw structures for the following compounds.

Meta-dibromobenzene trans-3-hexene

1,3-butadiene 4-bromo-2-chloro-2-pentene

p-chlorotoluene 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)

REACTIONS:

  1. Write a complete hydrogenation equation for 2-pentene.
  1. Write a complete halogenation equation for cis-2-butene with chlorine.
  1. Write a complete combustion equation for acetylene.
  1. Write the hydration equation for propene. Indicate the major and minor products.
  1. Write the hydrohalogenation equation for 1-pentene with HBr. Indicate the major and minor products.

6. Draw the structure and name the product(s) [major and minor] of the following reactions.

a.

b.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS:

7.  Describe how bromine can help identify if an unknown compound is an alkane or alkene.

The bromine classification test will help to identify if a compound is an alkane, alkene, or neither. Bromine water is added to the compound in a vial covered with foil. After 5 minutes of mixing, the foil is removed. If the compound is now clear, the unknown is an alkene. Because alkanes require light to react with bromine, if the color is still yellow, the vial is placed under a strong light. If the compound becomes clear, the unknown is an alkane. If the compound still remains yellow, then it is neither an alkane nor an alkene.

8.  Know the common names and structures for acetylene, ethylene, methylbenzene, and phenol.

IUPAC name / Common name / Structure
ethyne / Acetylene /
ethene / Ethylene / H2C=CH2
Methylbenzene / Toluene /
------/ Aniline /
Nitrobenzene / Nitrobenzene /
Phenol / phenol /

9.  Describe why benzene does not react the same as alkenes and alkynes.

The double bonds in benzene are not really double bonds. The electrons are delocalized.

10.  Describe the color change that occurs in an oxidation reaction.

KMnO4 is a purple solution. In an oxidation reaction, MnO2 is formed which is a brown precipitate.

11.  What catalysts are needed for hydrogenation reactions? Ni, Pd, or Pt Hydration reactions? Dilute acid (H+)