RAJIVGANDHIUNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNAKATA, BANGALORE
DESSERTATION PROTOCOL
01 / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS / MS. THOUNAOJAM MONICAM.Sc NURSING STUDENT
HINACOLLEGE OF NURSING, YELAHANKA NEW TOWN, BANGALORE
02 / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / HINACOLLEGE OF NURSING, YELAHANKA NEW TOWN, BANGALORE
03 / COURSE OF THE STUDY AND
SUBJECT / M.Sc NURSING
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
04 / DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE / 26/06/2008
05 / TITLE OF THE TOPIC / EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HARMFUL EFFECTS OF JUNK FOOD AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED SCHOOLS AT BANGALORE.
5. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED STUDY:-
6.1 NEED FOR STUDY
A healthy diet ensures a HEALTHYmind.
Good nutrition is very essential in development of children both
Physically and mentally. Children must know what they eat; it affects
their growth and behavior. Changes in our society have intensified the
need for food skills, to the extent that they need to become a part of
the child's basic education for good health and survival. Most people
have forgotten that the primary reason for eating is nourishment. In
many ways, our culture is structured to foster poor eating habits.
(Raghunath K.R., 2002) Television commercials and supermarkets are
propagating a wide variety of enticing junk foods, attractively
packaged and often tagged with tempting offers. (Anuradha
Satyanarayana, 2008).
Anita Goyal .N.P.Singh, (2007) stated that the harmful effects
of junk foods significantly increase the level of risk factors that can
cause heart diseases such as high blood pressure and atherosclerosis.
The study concluded that consumption of junk food is more a severe
problem in teenagers and children.
Dr. Salim Yusuf, (2008)stated that junk food can cause heart
disease, and especially heart attacks at McMasterUniversity in
Ontario, Canada. The sample was 16,000 patients, 5,700 of whom had
just suffered a first heart attack. The study found out that 35% of
people who consumed western diet have greater risk of heart attack.
High sodium intake can raise blood pressure and the risk of heart
attack and stroke
Anuradha Satyanarayana, (2008) revealed that as early as the
age of 30, arteries could beginning clogging and lay the groundwork
for future heart attacks. What children eat from puberty affects their
risks of prostate and breast cancer. Osteoporosis and hypertension
are other diseases that appear to have their earliest roots in childhood
when lifelong eating habits are being formed. Children are especially
vulnerable. Poor diets can slow growth, decay new teeth, promote
obesity and sow the seeds of infirmity and debilitating disease that
ultimately lead to incurable disease and death or worse make life
insufferable
Prathima Nanda Kumar, (2007) reported that the convenience
of picking up a snack is the gap between lunch and dinner. The study
surveyed 1000 respondents in Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, and
Kolkata, covering home makers, working mothers and children aged 5-
12 years. It found that at least 95% of women and 88% of children
aged 5-12 in Bangalore consume junk 5 pm and 7 pm.
HoringerP and Imoberdorf. R, (2008) revealed that in the
industrialized countries, the abundance led to the fact that people eat
differently from what they should. Industrialization or colacolonization
also leads to a dramatic increase in obesity and non-insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus in developing countries. However, fast food contains
high levels of fat, especially trans fatty acids. It concluded that higher
consumption of trans fatty acids was associated with a higher
incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease.
Jackson. P, et.al,(2006) recommended that the daily
consumption junk foods and snacks increases30% energy intake
among the children between 6-10 years leads to obesity, dental
cavity, hypertension and other chronic diseases. It conclude that
Education about junk food consumption and healthy eating habits in
the family, starling since childbirth and public policies about healthy
lifestyles should be strengthened.
Northup. K.L,et.al,(2008) reported from a school –based heart-
health screening and intervention program held in WoodCounty
Schools, USA. School nurses managed the screening component and
partnered with appropriate others in the intervention programming.
School nurses are appropriately positioned to assist families as well as
school and community partners in decreasing the incidence of obesity
and promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors. It describes that the
development and growth of lifestyle improvements in the family
environment.
Health education has become the most important tool in school
health today to understand the quality and quantity of food towards
healthier life style. Hence, it is felt that preparation, validation and
reliability of an audiovisual aid can be more useful as it permits both
Observing and listening and facilitates learning at their own space.
Basavanthappa B.T.,(2006)
Further, a health program was conducted in a school of
Bangalore.The hot topic on the program was about different kinds of
health problems and its causes in school children. The main causes of
common health problem were related with the intake of junk foods.
So, the topicthe structured teaching program regarding
harmful effects of junk food will help to improve the knowledge of
school children.
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
AshokJhingan, (2008) revealed that obesity and emerging
health issues to the change in eating patterns that ‘mimic western
lifestyle’. At least 11 % of the children prefer eating lunch from school
canteens and do not bring their lunch from home; while 81 % of
children visit fast food joints at least once a week, the study said these
overweight children have 70 %chances of becoming overweight adults
and prone to develop diabetes, heart diseases and high blood pressure
affecting the productive population of the nation.
Garemo. M, et .al, (2007) conducted a study on dietary habits in
Sweden with an aim to analyse food choice, socio-economic
characteristics and health by questionnaires among healthy school
children. The sample was 131 school children.It concluded that 15%
were overweight and 2% obese who consumed junk food regularly.
Heaney .R.P and Rafferty .K,(2008)suggested that drinking one
or more sugar-sweetened beverages (such as soft drinks and fruit
punches) per day increases one's risk of developing diabetes by 80%
versus those who drink less than one such drink per month. This
finding was independent of other lifestyle factors. It concludes, higher
consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with a
greater magnitude of weight gain and an increased risk for
development of type 2 diabetes, possibly by providing excessive
calories and large amounts of rapidly absorbable sugar.
Anaheim, (2008), revealed that junk food diets led to a higher
risk of heart disease factors leading to high blood pressure and
clogged arteries as people grow older. More than 80 % of them
consumed higher than recommended levels of total and saturated fat.
It found that abnormally high cholesterol levels for the age in one-third
of the students. About one in 10 had systolic hypertension, a form of
high blood pressure.
Fahlman.M.M, et.al, (2008)revealed that the intervention group
increased their nutrition knowledge at post. Students in the
intervention group also felt more confident that they could eat healthy.
The studies indicate that a single fast-food meal could contain a dose
of fat and carbohydrate large enough to cause changes in brain
structure usually associated with addiction to drugs.
Michael Booth, (2008) reported in Sydney university that
increases in the number of children aged between 4 and 16, who
are overweight or obese, 26% of boys and 23% of girls. It
concludes that most children are quite active but the problem is
Primarily through junk foods.
Wilson. L.F, (2007) recommended that school nurses are design
intervention strategies to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent
Obesity in the students they serve. It involved the development and
administration of a questionnaire to middle school students to
determine their attitudes about overweight/obesity. School nurses can
use this questionnaire to collect data that will assist in the
development of effective programs for their students.
6.3STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A study to asses the effectiveness of structured teaching
Program onknowledge about harmful effects of junk food among
School childrenin selected schools at Bangalore.
6.4Objectives:
1. To assess the level of knowledge ofschool children about Junk foods
before implementing the structured teaching program.
2. To asses the effectiveness of structured teaching program on
knowledge ofschool children regarding junk foods.
3. To associate the findings with their demographic variables.
6.5HYPOTHESIS
1. H1 - There will be a difference between pre test and post test
Knowledge score of children regarding junk food.
2. H2 - There is no significant association between the post test
Knowledge scores and selected demographic variables.
6.6 OPERATIONAL DFINITIONS
I. ASSESS
Measurement of the knowledge on junk food among children as
observed from the scores based on interview scheduled.
II. EFFECTIVENESS:
It refers to significant gain in knowledge as determined by pre and
post test scores.
III.STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM:
It is systematically prepared teaching program for children about
the definition and its effect of junk food.
IV. KNOWLEDGE:
It refers to correct response on children to the knowledge items
in the structured interview schedule regarding junk foods.
V.HARMFUL EFFECT:
It is capability of causing harm or injury to physical or mental
health of children consuming unhealthyjunk food.
VI.JUNK FOOD:
Junk food refers to fast foods which are easy to make and easily
available everywhere to consume. They are zero in nutritional value,
contains fats that in turn causes health hazards such as digestion
problem, gastric problem and other ill effects.
VII. SCHOOL CHILDREN:
It refers to children between the age group of 9-12 years.
6.7 ASSUMPTIONS
The children will have some knowledge regarding junk foods.
7. MATERIAL AND METHODS OF STUDY:
7.1 SOURCE OF DATA:
Children who is studying in the selected school atBangalore.
7.2METHOD OF COLLECTING DATA
Data will be collected by the investigator herself using structured
closed ended questionnaire schedule.
7.2.1 RESEARCH DESIGN AND APPROACH
Research design and approach will be used for the present study is a
quasi-experimental design and one group pre and post test approach.
7.2.2. Setting of the study
The study will be conducted in selected schools at Bangalore.
7.2.4. Population:
Students in selected schools at Bangalore.
7.2.5. Sample Size:
Approximately sample size is around 100.
7.2.6. Sample Technique:
Multistage sampling technique will be selected for the
Study.
7.2.7. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLES:
INCLUSIVE CRITERIA
1)Children between 9-12 years of age
2) Both male and female.
3) Children who are willing to participate.
4) Children who are present during the period of data collection.
EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA
1)Children who are below the age of 9 years.
2) Children who are not presentduring the collection of data.
7.2.8 DATA COLLECTION TOOL:
It consists of two parts.
Section A: Question related to demographic variables.
Section B: Questions related to Knowledge of junk foods among school
children.
7.2.9 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD:
a)The data will be planning to present in the form of tables and
figures.
b)The differences in knowledge between pre and post test will be
finding out by‘t’ test.
c)The association between demographic variables with the
knowledge scores will be finding by chi-square test.
7.3Does the study require any investigation or intervention
to be conducted on patients or humans or
animals? If so, Please describe briefly.
-No-
7.4 Has Ethical clearance will be obtained from the research,
Incase 7.3?
-Not applicable-
8. LIST OF REFERENCES:
* Anita Goyal N P Singh,(2007), “Consumer conception about fast food in
India”,British food journal, 107(2).
* Anuradha Styanarayana,(2008)“Children and junk food”India
Parenting journal. 30(2).
*Ashok Jhinghan,( 2008)“Dump the junk food, save your child from
diabetes,” IANS Health Journal,103(2).
*Anaheim,(2008) “Junk food raises teen’s risk of heart attack,”
CBC news.
*Fahlman .M.M, et.al,(2008)“A pilot study to examine the effects of a
nutritionintervention on nutrition knowledge, behaviors, and
efficiency” ,school Healthjournal,78(4).
*Garemo .M, (2007) “Food choice, socio-economic characteristics and
health in children of well educated urban Swedish community,”
Clinical Nutritionjournal, 26(1).
*Horinger P and Imoberdorf R, (2008) “Junk food revolution or the
Cola colonization”, The Umsch journal, 537(3).
*Heaney.R.P,(2007)“Soft drinks linked to weight gain and type 2
diabetes”,American journal of clinical nutrition, 74.
*Jackson P, et .al, (2006)“Junk food consumption and child nutrition,
Nutritional anthropological analysis”, Rev Med children journal ,
132(10).
*Lee Jared,(2008) “harmful effect of junk food”, Health &
Fitness: Nutriton journal, 125(4)
*Michael Booth (2008) “Junk food causing childhood obesity”,ABC news
online.
*MichaelJacobson, (2008)“Junk food”,Info on Top diet plans and
Supplement journal, 56(3).
*Northrup K.L, et.al,(2008) “A school based heart screening and
interventionProgram”, school Nurse journal.24(1)
*Prathima Nanda Kumar, (2007) “Bangalore gorges on junk food” The
Hindu Business line.
*Salim Yusuf, (2008)“Junk food causes a third of heart attack”Express
India.
*Wilson. L.F., (2007) “school children about obesity and they want in
obesity preventive program” School Nursing Journal, 23(4).
*Raghunath .k.R. “Nutrition & Health. The vegetarian way, 1st Edition,
Sterling publisher, New Delhi, 2002.
*Basavanthappa B.T., “Community Heath nursing”, 1st Edition,Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publisher, New Delhi, revised 2006.
9 / SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE10 / REMARKS OF THE GUIDE
The study is useful for improving the knowledge of school children. The need for study explained is appropriate; methodology is as per the statement of the problem. Hence, can be approved for undertaking this study.
11 / NAME AND DESIGNATON
11.1 / GUIDE Ms. VARALAKSHMI
ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
HINACOLLEGE OF
NURSING
SIGNATURE
11.2 / HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Ms. VARALAKSHMI
ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
HINACOLLEGE OF
NURSING
SIGNATURE
12 / REMARKS OF THE CHAIRMAN AND PRINCIPAL
The study is based on newer approach and is approved by the
research committee. Hence, can be conducted.
SIGNATURE
1