b. Analyze the impact of population growth and its impact on the social structure of Japan and China.
Verbs / Nouns
A Review of Chinese History and Qing China (1644-1911)
I. An Overview of Chinese History
A. From ancient times to 1900, China was the most dominant & influential society in Asia
1. Chinese culture ______to surrounding neighbors, including ______& ______
2. China was one of the most ______cultures in world history by developing technologies such as, compass, ______, ______, paper, & gunpowder
3. Chinese civilization is unique in world history because of its ______over 4,000 years of history
B. Core Ideas Across Chinese History (3000 B.C. to 1900 A.D.)
1. Geography
a. China was ______from outsiders by ______& the ______Mountains
b. This ______led the Chinese to refer to themselves as the “______”, thought of outsiders as ______, & rarely ______with foreign merchants
2. Government
a. China was ruled by emperors who claimed the ______(approval of the gods)
b. Dynasties could be ______if they lost the mandate of heaven, called the ______
c. Since the Classical Era of the Han Dynasty, Chinese government was run effectively by ______bureaucrats because of the ______
3. Religion
a. Rather than following a major world religion, China was influenced by the ethical system of ______
b. ______was introduced & ______through China during the Han Dynasty
4. Trade
a. Chinese ______goods spread through Asia & Europe across the ______
b. China was a ______trade nation, but it was the trend setter as other Asian nations adopted Chinese ______, gov’t, & ______styles
II. Review of Chinese Dynasties
A. Eras in Chinese history are named after the ______that were in power; Each of these dynasties added unique contributions in Chinese history
1. River Valley Era (5000-1700 B.C.)
a. China began along the ______Yellow & Yangtze Rivers but only 10% of China is suitable for farming
2. Qin Dynasty (316-206 B.C.)
a. China’s first emperor (______) came to power, gave “China” its name, & built the ______to protect from northern invasions
3. Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.)
a. China became an ______for the first time & entered the ______Era during the Han Dynasty
b. The ______began
c. Chinese artisans mastered ______& ______making
d. The ______System began
e. ______was first introduced & began to spread
4. Tang & Song Dynasties (618-1279)
a. China experienced a “______” was the most ______& advanced country in the world during the Tang & Song Dynasties of the post-classical era
b. For the 1st time, ______was encouraged
c. A series of advanced inventions were developed, like ______, compass, printing press, ______
5. Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)
a. In 1279, Genghis’ grandson ______became the first ______leader to rule China; The ______created the Yuan Dynasty
b. During the ______, the Silk Road was ______& trade with China increased
c. ______visit during the Yuan Dynasty increased ______demand for Chinese goods
6. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
a. During the Ming Dynasty, ______rule was restored, emperors encouraged foreign trade & exploration (______) for the first & ______time in history
b. To ______Ming emperors from future invasions, the ______was built in Beijing that no one other than ______or approved bureaucrats could enter
7. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
a. In 1644, northern ______from ______conquered China & created the second ______dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing Dynasty
b. During this era of ______rule, China grew to its ______size by claiming Taiwan, central Asia, Mongolia, & ______
c. Like the era of Mongol rule, Chinese rejected & led ______against their Manchu rulers
d. But, ______earned Chinese ______by keeping Confucian beliefs, lowering taxes, & restoring ______and prosperity to China
i. Kangxi was the first emperor to ______& visit peasant villages
ii. Kangxi & later Manchu rulers returned China to ______by restoring ______adherence to the “Middle Kingdom”
B. But, Qing China faced 2 important challenges that would threaten China’s future strength
1. Population Pressure
a. The introduction of new ______like corn & sweet potatoes led to a dramatic increase in the Chinese ______
b. The sharp rise in the number of Chinese ______would lead to competition for ______& peasant uprisings
2. Arrival of Europeans
a. European ______& ______arrived in Asia eager to gain access into China
b. Europeans arrived with superior military ______, demanded that China ______with them, & refused to accept Chinese ______
Japanese Feudalism & Unification
I. The Early Development of Japan
A. The Geography of Japan
1. Japan is a series of ______off the coasts of ______& China
2. Like ______, Japan was divided by ______& had few areas for farming
3. Before 400 A.D., Japan was not a ______nation but was ruled by hundreds of different family ______
4. Japan’s island location provided ______from Chinese & ______invasions… but Japan was close enough to ______cultural ideas from ______
B. Japan’s ______gave rise to a unique Japanese culture, most specifically the Shinto religion
1. ______is a polytheistic religion based on the respect of ______& ancestor worship
2. Shinto worshipers believed in ______called ______that live in nature
3. The most important of the Shinto gods is the ______who gave light to the world
C. As Japan had more contact with Asia, it adopted ______culture & ideas
1. Japan adopted the Chinese idea of an ______& rule by ______; The first Japanese emperor was said to have ______from the sun goddess
a. Japan tried, but ______, to model the Chinese ______for gov’t officials
b. Unlike China, Japanese emperors often did not have ______over clan leaders; Japan often had an emperor ______& a clan ruler with true power
2. Japan adopted ______& blended Chinese styles of writing, architecture, & art
3. In the mid-700s ______was introduced in Japan from China & Korea
a. Buddhism was accepted by Japanese emperors, but in Japanese society, Buddhism & Shinto ______
b. An example of religious blending was ______
D. From 794-1185, Japan entered a classical era during the ______Period
1. During this time, the imperial gov’t was ______& Japan experienced an era of ______and prosperity
2. Japan developed a “______” in poetry, art, & literature
II. Japanese Feudalism
A. By the mid-1000s, the imperial gov’t grew weak, regional ______gained power, & Japan became ______& dangerous
1. ______attacked farmers & ______attacked the coast
2. Rival clans ______for power & threw Japan into a series of ______
B. As a result, Japan developed a ______system
1. Farmers traded land to strong ______called ______who offered protection
2. Daimyo were served by loyal ______called ______
3. The emperor had ______
4. Samurai warriors were usually ______or dependents of daimyo, although some were ______warriors called Ronin
a. Samurai warriors lived by a code of ______which demanded courage, ______, deity, fairness, & ______
b. Samurai were skilled ______, but also used horses & ______(after the arrival of Europeans)
5. In 1192, the first ______was named by the emperor
a. The emperor remained in place, but the shogun held real power & ruled as ______
b. Shoguns’ power varied over time, but the pattern of gov’t controlled by a shogun lasted until ______
III. The Three Unifiers of Japan
A. From 1560 to 1600 , three powerful daimyo, known as the ______, began to restore order & ______Japan
1. Oda Nobunaga
a. In 1568, a ______daimyo named ______conquered the Japanese capital of Kyoto
b. Oda seized power by ______, was the first to use ______effectively, & eliminated Buddhist rivals that refused to accept rule by the emperor
c. By the time of his death in 1582, Japan was ______unified
2. Toyotomi Hideyoshi
a. Oda Nobunaga’s best general was ______who took over after Oda’s death
b. Toyotomi was resourceful & not ruthless like Oda; He used ______, adoption, & marriage to gain power over the daimyo
c. By 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi controlled ______of Japan & tried unsuccessfully to conquer ______
3. Tokugawa Ieyasu
a. After Toyotomi ‘s death in 1598, one of his daimyo allies named ______completed the ______of Japan in 1600
b. In 1603, Tokugawa became ______of Japan, moved to capital to Edo (later called Tokyo), & restored gov’t & order to Japan
c. Tokugawa ruled until 1615, but he created a line of ______called the Tokugawa Shogunate that ruled Japan until 1867
B. The Tokugawa Shogunate
1. For more than 250 years, Tokugawa’s successors ruled Japan as shoguns
a. During this time, Japan benefited from ______; The ______boomed & became more commercial
b. European ______& ______first arrived in Japan in the mid-1500s
c. Tokugawa enjoyed ______with Europeans & was fascinated to ______about their military, new technologies, & ideas
2. Christian Missionaries & Merchants
a. Between1549 & 1600, European missionaries had converted ______Japanese to Christianity
b. This ______Tokugawa because the missionaries ______Japanese cultural beliefs & laws
i. In 1612, Tokugawa ______Christianity & began ruthlessly ______Christians
ii. All Japanese were forced to be faithful to ______
C. Japanese Isolationism
1. Tokugawa shoguns decided to ______foreign merchants & missionaries
2. By 1639, Japan adopted a “______” & ended almost all foreign contacts
3. One Japanese port at ______in Nagasaki Bay remained open but only to Dutch & Chinese merchants
a. Japanese ______remained in place for over ______years until the 1850s
b. During this era of isolation, Japan had profitable ______, became self-sufficient, limited foreign ideas, & reduced Europe’s ability to ______Japan