Name:______Hour:______

Chapter 3 Notes

A New Life in New England Colonies

  1. Which colonies are in the New England Colonies? ______
  2. What is the acronym to help you remember them?______
  3. What does each part of the acronym stand for?______
  4. Which city is nicknamed “the city upon a hill?”______
  5. Why did many settlers end up leaving Massachusetts to start other colonies?______
  6. What is a theocracy?______
  7. Why is important to have “Fair trials by your peers?” give an example from the Salem Witch Trials. Do on the back.
  8. Why did the Puritans think that the views of Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson were “dangerous” to their beliefs? Do on the back.
  9. What were theindustries of the New England colonies? List on the back of this page.
  10. What is subsistence farming?______
  11. Why did the New England colonies practice subsistence farming, instead of cash cropping?Do on the back.
  12. Why were the New England colonies made? For Religion or to make Money?Highlight one.
  13. Restate and Answer: How did New England’s geographical features impact their jobs? Do on the back.

Meeting in the Middle Colonies

  1. Which colonies are in the Middle Colonies?______
  2. What is the acronym to help you remember them?______
  3. What does each part of the acronym stand for?______
  4. Which population features made the Middle Colonies more diverse than New England?______
  5. Describe why the diverse backgrounds led to the nickname “The Melting Pot”? *Do on the back*
  6. How were colonist able to received Representative Government? ______
  7. Explain Representative Government. ______
  8. The middle colonies had free market trade. With whom did they trade?______
  9. Who founded the colony of Pennsylvania? ______
  10. What is the nickname of Philadelphia?______
  11. What do Quakers believe?______
  12. What do Pacifists believe?______
  13. Explain modern American views evident in beliefs of William Penn & the Quakers. *Do on the back!*
  14. Which cities were active in the slave trade?______
  15. Explain why port cities were important to the slave trade. *Do on the back*
  16. What part of the Triangular Trade Route did many slave die? ______
  17. What were the industries of the Middle Colonies? Industry= how make $ Do on the back!
  18. Why are the Middle Colonies called the “BreadBasket?” ______
  19. Why were the Middle colonies made? For Religion or to make Money? Highlight one.

Home Grown in the Southern Colonies

  1. Which colonies are in the Southern Colonies?______
  2. What is the acronym to help you remember them?______
  3. What does each part of the acronym stand for?______
  4. Why didn’t the settlers plant crops?______
  5. What was John Smith’s new rule for Jamestown?______
  6. The man who founded Maryland was Catholic. He had been treated badly in England. What’s it called when you are treated harshly because of your beliefs?______
  7. Which was the last British colony established in America?______
  8. Who controlled Florida?______
  9. Who populated Georgia?______
  10. Why did James Oglethorpe chose to populate Georgia with these people? *Do on the back*
  11. How was the soil in the Southern Colonies different than the New England Colonies? *Do on the back*
  12. Why was society in the Southern colonies considered unequal?______
  13. Who is in charge in an Aristocracy form of government? ______
  14. Explain “Cash Cropping”. ______
  15. Which crop from the Southern colonies would most likely be nicknamed“blue gold?” ______
  16. Why is this crop called “blue gold?”______
  17. How is cash cropping different than subsistence farming?______
  18. Which colony(ies) grew rice as a cash crop?______
  19. What was the main cash crop of Virginia and Maryland?______
  20. What are plantations?______
  21. Describe how “Cash Crops” like tobacco, indigo, & rice created need for workers. *Do on the back!*
  22. The House of Burgesses was a group of men who met in Virginia. They made all the rules for the colony. How was this different than having a king?______

23.Why were the Southern colonies made? For Religion or to make Money? Highlight one.

New England Colonies

The 4 colonies in the New England region are: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. They can be easily remembered with the acronym: Mr.CN.

New England started as one large colony settled by two different religious groups. In 1620, the Pilgrims came from England on the Mayflower and started a colony in Plymouth Bay. The Puritans arrived in 1629 and started the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The settlement of Plymouth is located in Massachusetts.

The New England Colonies were based on religious principles & values. This was the Puritans chance to create a new society in America– a society based on the bible. The Company chose a well-educated Purtian named John Winthrop to be the colony’s governor. He led 1,000 people to the colony. Most settled in a place they call Boston- “city upon a hill”. This settlement provided an example for other Christian communities to follow. Since the Puritans came to Massachusetts to put their religious beliefs to practice, they had little tolerance for other religious views. It was their way or no way. Theocracy , religious governments, were common in New England. This forced many people to leave Massachusetts and start Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire.

Making a Living

The northerners quickly learned that their new home was not very good for farming because the soil was rocky and the winters were cold and long. The colonists could only grow enough food to feed their own families; this is called subsistence farming. The people living in New England did have a large port in Boston and lots of abundant forests, but they would have to put together a plan to earn money using those two items.

In the early years, most colonists lived in towns along the ocean and the men became shipbuilders, traders, whalers, and fishermen. The inland forests provided both wood for building ships and a variety of fur-bearing animals, which helped fur traders grow rich. Fishermen in the port towns provided food for the colonists of the region.

Middle Colonies

The 4 colonies in the Middle region are: New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania. They can be easily remembered with the acronym: 2New Dramatic Preachers.

Geography favored conditions for farmers. The Middle Colonies had most diversity, many different ethnic, economic, & religious groups.

Diversity in the Middle

New York had great harbor for trade, thus its’ population came from many different nations, which forced tolerance of diverse cultures. This is where America’s “Melting Pot” begins! This diversity of Middle Colonies meant no one group or religion dominated. All colonists demanded a voice & received representative governments.

William Penn

Pennsylvania was founded by Quaker William Penn. Quakers believed all people were created equal, against slavery, allowed women roles in society, refused to fight wars (pacifist), & tolerant of different religions. Philadelphia, City of Brotherly Love, became major port city with large diverse population. German craftsmen helped making crafts & manufacturing.Many languages were spoken in busy port of Philadelphia.

Slavery in the Middle

Slavery was legal in all thirteen original colonies.Though New England & Middle colonies did not have large slave populations, ports like New York & Boston were very active in the business of slave trade.Slave ships were cramped & filthy. Many died during “Middle Passage.” Those who survived were sold at auction in America.

Bread Basket Colonies

The middle colonies had hills and rich soil, so the people cleared the land for farms. People called these colonies the “bread basket” colonies because grain was so plentiful. The farmers exported wheat, barley, oats, and cows to the southern colonies and to England. These colonies also made iron, which was used to make guns and tools.

Though nicknamed the “Bread Basket,” the Middle Colonies had a very diverse economy; including food, merchants, iron, lumber, fur trappers, & slave trade. The Middle Colonies also had many different jobs: small farmers, lumber men, fishermen, merchants, fur traders, iron workers, slave traders, & large production “Bread Basket” farms; wheat, corn, cattle, & pigs. The Middle Colonies also mass produced food.

Many rivers flowed through the area. They made trading easy for farmers who lived inland. They sent their goods on boats to the big port cities of Philadelphia and New York. There, things were loaded onto ships and sent across the Atlantic to England and other European Countries.

Southern Colonies

The 5 colonies in the Southern region are: Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Maryland. They can be easily remembered with the acronym: Virginia Goes 2CMary.

About 100 men and boys sailed to Virginia in 1607. They named their new home Jamestown. They did not plant crops. They were looking for gold. Just a few of the men built good homes.They were not prepared for the harsh conditions. Most of them died the first year from starvation and disease. Then John Smith took charge. He made a new rule. If a man did not work, he did not eat. The people began to work.Virginia became a colonial power economically & politically.

Cash Crops and Plantations

Unlike the New England colonies, the South had rich and fertile soil. Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, & Georgia had very warm climates & good soil which led to an agricultural area with many “Cash Crops.” The Southern Colonies were full of wealthy land owners, slaves, & indentured servants that created a diverse & unequal society. Aristocracy, government run by wealthy class, was established. Aristocracy is similar to the feudalism system from Europe.

Southern Labor

Though legal in all colonies, slavery flourished in Southern colonies. Planters wanted to maximize profits & needed many hands to harvest Cash Crops.Colonial merchants developed a series of Trade routes known as Triangular Trade. Slave ships brought workers from Africa to America, this was called the Middle Passage. Conditions were horrific, many slaves died on the Middle Passage. America offered no hope when slaves arrived.

Men had big farms called plantations (plan-TAY-shuhns). They grew crops in large quantities to sell for cash; this type of farming is called cash crops. They sold these crops to Great Britain. Virginia made a lot of money selling tobacco. The Carolinas grew tobacco and corn. Maryland did, too. South Carolina and Georgia planted rice. By the 1740s, South Carolina grew indigo. This plant is used to make a dark blue dye.

It was hard work to plant and take care of the crops. At first the farm owners had servants. These men and women worked for them for years. They did this to pay for the cost of their trip to the New World. By the late 1600s, the farm owners had slaves.

Early Southern Governments

The House of Burgesses (BURR-juhs-uhs) met in 1619. It was Virginia’s first government. The men who owned land picked its members. Maryland had a government like this, too. The House of Burgesses was a form of representative government. In a representative government members of the colony made decisions for the colony but still had to answer to the king.