Science, Democracy, and Fracking
A Guide for Community Residents and Policy Makers
Facing Decisions over Hydraulic Fracturing
Notes
Page
4Large quantities of water:North Dakota. 2013. Oil and gas frequently asked questions. Online at June 13, 2013.
United States Department of Energy (USDOE). 2009. Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer. National Energy Technology Laboratory.Online at August 21, 2013.
Breitling Oil and Gas. 2012. US shale faces water, transparency complaints. Online at August 21, 2013.
4Faulty well construction has also contaminated groundwater:Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mineral Resources Management. 2008. Report on the Investigation of the Natural Gas Invasion of Aquifers in Bainbridge Township of Geauga County, Ohio. Online at
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. 2009. Online at
5Can affect air quality:Lyman, S. and H. Shorthill, 2013. 2012 Uintah Basin Winter Ozone and Air Quality Study.Commercialization and Regional Development, Utah State University. Online at
McKenzie, L.M., et al. 2012, Human health risk assessment of air emissions from development of unconventional natural gas resources. Science of the Total Environment.424: p. 79-87. Online at
Petron, G., et al. 2012, Hydrocarbon emissions characterization in the Colorado Front Range: A pilot study. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.117. Online at
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2013d. EPA Needs to Improve Air Emissions Data for the Oil and Natural Gas Production Sector. February 20. Online at accessed July 31, 2013.
5Impact on the landscape of your community:Williams, H.F.L., et al. 2008. Field-Based Monitoring of Sediment Runoff from Natural Gas Well Sites in Denton County, Texas, USA.Environmental Geology. 55: 1463-71. Online at
6Not typically cause detectable earthquakes at the surface: The Royal Society. 2012. Shale Gas Extraction in the UK: A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing. Online at
National Research Council. 2012. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. The National Academies. Online at
6 Linked to a handful of noticeable earthquakes: National Research Council. 2012. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. The National Academies. Online at
6How much leakage usually occurs:
Bradbury, J., M. Obeiter, L. Draucker, W. Wang, and A. Stevens. 2013. Clearing the air: Reducing upstream greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. natural gas systems. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Online at .
Harvey, Susan, Gowrishankar, Vignesh, and Singer, Thomas.2012. Leaking Profits: The U.S. oil and gas industry can reduce pollution, conserve resources, and make money by preventing methane waste.Online at
6Demands on public services, resources, and infrastructure:Perry, S.L. 2012b. Development, Land Use, and Collective Trauma: The Marcellus Shale Gas Boom in Rural Pennsylvania. Culture, Agriculture,Food, and Environment 34(1):80–90. Online at
Christopherson, S. and N. Rightor. 2011. A Comprehensive Economic Impact Analysis of Natural Gas Extraction in the Marcellus Shale. Working Paper.Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Online at
Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact Statement on the Oil, Gas and Solution Mining Regulatory Program.2011. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.2011 Sep 7. Online at
6Communities that proactively address oil and gas development by creating opportunities:
Kelsey, T. et al. 2011. Economic Impacts of Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania: Employment and Income in 2009. The Marcellus Shale Education & Training Center. Online at