1. When homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information during Prophase I of meiosis, ______occurs.

a. crossing overb. fertilizationc. mutationd. replication

  1. Mendel’s Law of ______states that during meiosis, the factors that control each trait separate and only one from each pair is passed to the offspring.

a. Independent Assortment b. Segregation c. Punnett Squaresd. Dominance

  1. Cells containing two alleles for each trait (one from the mother and one from the father) are described as ______.

a. gametesb. haploidc. diploidd. homozygous

  1. The numbers in the figure below represent the chromosome number found in each of the human cells shown. The processes that are occurring at A and B are ______.
  1. mitosis, fertilizationc. meiosis, fertilization
  2. mitosis, meiosisd. meiosis, mitosis
  1. A gamete is another name for a ______.

a. body cellb. somatic cell c. zygoted. egg or sperm

  1. In ______, the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and in ______the sister chromatids are pulled apart.
  1. Prophase I, Metaphase Ic. Metaphase I, Anaphase II
  2. Metaphase I, Metaphase IId. Anaphase I, Anaphase II
  1. At the end of meiosis, the original diploid cell has divided into ______.
  1. 2 genetically identical cellsc. 4 genetically identical cells
  2. 2 genetically different cellsd. 4 genetically different cells

8. Leopard frogs have 26 chromosomes in their somatic cells. How many do they have in their haploid cells?

a. 26b. 13c. 52 d. 104

  1. In ______, the spindle breaks down and the nuclear envelope reforms. These events occur in the reverse order from the events of prophase I.

a. Metaphase Ib. Anaphase Ic. Telophase Id. Prophase II

  1. The “Father of Genetics,” who studied pea plant crosses in his monastery and developed summaries of basic inheritance is

a. Gregor Mendelb. Richard Dawkinsc. Watson and Crickd. Louis Pasteur

11. A heterozygous individual would have the following genotype:

  1. Pp b. YYc. zzd. None of these

12. In a monohybrid cross between a homozygous recessive parent and a homozygous dominant parent, one would predict the offspring to be

a. 3:4 homozygous dominantc. 2:4 heterozygous

b. 1:4 homozygous recessived. all heterozygous

13. If two parents with the dominant phenotype produce an offspring with the recessive phenotype, then probably

  1. both parents are heterozygousc. both parents are homozygous
  2. one parent is heterozygousd. one parent is homozygous

14. In guinea pigs, black fur is dominant. A black guinea pig is crossed with a white guinea pig. If the litter contains white offspring, the genotype of the black-furred parent is probably

  1. homozygous dominantc. homozygous recessive
  2. heterozygousd. none of the above

15. A female guinea pig homozygous dominant for black fur is mated with a male homozygous for white fur color. Fur color is determined by Mendelian Patterns. In a litter of eight offspring, there would probably be

  1. 8 black guinea pigs
  2. 4 black guinea pigs and 4 white guinea pigs
  3. 2 black, 4 gray and 2 white guinea pigs
  4. 8 white guinea pigs

16. A couple has two children, both of which are boys. What is the probability that the couple’s next child will be a boy?

  1. 0% b. 25%c. 50%d. 75%

17. A white mouse whose parents are both white mates with a brown mouse and has all brown offspring. The white mouse is most probably ______.

a. homozygous recessive

  1. heterozygous
  2. homozygous dominant
  3. haploid

18. Refer to the diagram below. The genotype of the individual labeled X is

  1. GGIIb. GgIic. ggiid. GGIi

GIGi gI gi

x

19. The type of inheritance shown when a red-flowering plant is crossed with a white-flowering plant and only pink-flowering plants are produced is ______.

a) inbreeding c) polygenic inheritance

b) incomplete dominanced) codominance

20. A trait controlled by four alleles is said to have ______.

a) homologous allelesc) hybridization

b) autosomesd) multiple alleles

21. The 23rd pair of chromosomes that are different in males and females are called ______.

a) autosomesc) multiple alleles

b) sex chromosomesd) polygenes

22. Two healthy parents produce a child with the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis. What would be the best explanation for this inheritance?

a) The child’s disorder is not genetic

b) Both parents carried the recessive gene for cystic fibrosis

c) Cystic fibrosis is a chromosomal mutation that occurred during development and is not related to the parental phenotypes

d) One parent carried the dominant gene for cystic fibrosis.

23. A phenotype that results from a dominant allele must have inherited at least ______dominant allele(s) from the parent(s).

a) one b) twoc) threed) four

24. Which parents could produce a female with hemophilia (a sex-linked recessive disorder)?

a) a homozygous normal mother and a hemophiliac father

b) a hemophiliac mother and a normal father

c) a heterozygous mother (carrier) and a normal father

d) a heterozygous mother (carrier) and a hemophiliac father

25. Refer to the figure above. If individual III-2 marries a person with the same genotype as individual I-1, what is the chance that one of their children will be afflicted with hemophilia?

a) 0%b) 25%c) 50%d) 75%e) 100%

26. What type of inheritance pattern does the trait represented by the pedigree above illustrate?

a) incomplete dominanceb) multiple allelesc) codominanced) sex-linkage

27. For the trait being followed in the pedigree above, individuals II-1 and II-4 can be classified as:

a) homozygous dominantb) mutantsc) homozygous recessive d) carriers

28. What is the relationship between individual I-1 and individual III-2 in the figure above?

a) grandfather-granddaughterc) homozygous recessive

b)grandmother-grandsond) mother-son

29. The blood types A, B, AB and O are the result of ______inheritance.

a) multiple allelicb) polygenicc) sex-linkedd) simple dominant

30. When “roan” cattle are mated, 25% of the offspring are red, 50% are “roan” and 25% are white. Upon examination, it can be seen that the coat of a “roan” cow consists of both red and white hairs. This trait is controlled by:

a) multiple alleles b) codominance c) sex-linked genesd) incomplete dominance

31. A woman who is heterozygous for Type A blood (IAi) marries a man with AB blood (IAIB). What is the probability that the couple’s child will be Type B?

a) 0%b) 25%c) 50%d) 75%e) 100%

32. How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?

a) 46b) 23c) 22d) 1

Short answer

33. Explain how nondisjunction can result in an individual having an extra chromosome. Give an example of a disorder caused by a nondisjunction event.

34. What does it mean to be a carrier of a disease? How is someone a carrier for sickle cell anemia different than someone who has sickle cell anemia?

35. Colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder. A colorblind man marries a woman who is heterozygous for colorblindness. Show your work (including Punnett Square).

a) What percentage of their sons will likely be colorblind?

b)What percentage of their daughters will likely be colorblind?

36. A woman with type A blood marries a man with Type B blood. The couple has a child but the husband suspects that his wife has been unfaithful to him and that the baby is not his. When the baby is given a blood test, it is found to have Type O blood. Does this prove the husband’s theory about his wife’s infidelity? Show your work (including Punnett Square)