CIS101Midterm Facts SheetWeek4

  1. The smallest piece of information used by the computer. Derived from "binary digit" is called a bit. It is either a one (1) or a zero (0).
  2. A byte is a piece of computer information made up of eight bits.
  3. The CPU is the Central Processing Unit. The processing chip that is the "brains" of a computer.
  4. A folder is an electronic directory which contains files.
  5. One gigabyte = 1024 megabytes.
  6. A large capacity storage device made of multiple disks housed in a rigid case is called a hard drive.
  7. A kilobyte = 1024 bytes.
  8. The temporary holding area where data is stored while it is being used or changed is called RAM , an acronym for Random Access Memory.
  9. The Operating System is the system software that controls the computer.
  10. A Peripheral Device is an add-on component or device to your computer.
  11. ROM is the acronym for Read Only Memory; memory that can only be read from and not written to.
  12. The server is a central computer dedicated to sending and receiving data from other computers on a network.
  13. Software Programsare files on disk that contain instructions for a computer or is an application that can run on a computer.
  14. A device that sends information to the computer to be processed is called an input device.
  15. An output device is a device that receives information from the computer after it has been processed.

  1. System software consists of two primary types of programs name them:
  2. Operating System
  3. Utility Programs
  4. The operating system (OS) is the main program that controls how your computer system functions.
  5. Small programs that perform many of the general housekeeping tasks for the computer, such as system maintenance and file compression are called utility programs.
  6. Machinery that performs a repetitive series of specific tasks in an exact amount of time requires is called a real-time operating system.
  7. Serversare computers on a network that manage network resources, and mainframes are very large computers that handle the requests of hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
  8. Most operating systems today use a Graphical User Interface.
  9. The Processor Managementcontrols the timing of events the processor works on
  10. The programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices and provided by the manufacturer of the device are called Device drivers.
  11. What coordinates the operating system with software applicationsApplication programming interfaces (APIs).
  12. The operating system provides an organizational structurefor the computer’s contents - Hierarchical structure of directories.

Fill in the extension in the follow table:

Extension / Type of Document / Application
.doc / Word-processing document / Microsoft Word 2003
.docx / Word-processing document / Microsoft Word 2007 document
.wpd / Word-processing document / Corel WordPerfect
.xlsx / Spreadsheet / Microsoft Excel 2007 workbook
.accdb / Database / Microsoft Access 2007
.pptx / PowerPoint presentation / Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 presentation
.pdf / Portable Document Format / Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader
.rtf / Text – rich text format / Any program that can read text documents
.txt / Text / Any program that can read text documents
Extension / Type of Document / Application
.htm or .html / Web page / Any program that can read HTML
.jpg / Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image / Most programs capable of displaying images
.gif / Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) image / Most programs capable of displaying images
.bmp / Bitmap image / Windows
.zip or .rar / Compressed file / WinZip

Label the following:

  1. File Compression Utilitiesdo the following:
  • Reduce the size of a file
  • Take out redundancies
  • Make it easier and faster to send files over the Internet
  • Generally, repeated patterns are replaced with a shorter placeholder
  1. The Disk defragmenterutility regroups related pieces of files together on the hard disk, allowing the OS to work more efficiently.
  1. Ease of Access Center, a centralized location for assistive technology and tools that adjust accessibility settings. It allows you to find tools to help you adjust the contrast of or magnify the screen image, have screen contents read to you, and display an on-screen keyboard.
  1. When you use the System Backupyou create a duplicate copy of all the data on your hard disk and copy it to another storage device, such as a CD or an external hard drive.
  1. The Task SchedulerUtility allows you to schedule tasks to run automatically at predetermined times, with no interaction necessary on your part.

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