A Bibliography of Poetry in English by Caribbean Writers, to 2010

A bibliography of poetry in English by Caribbean writers, to 2010

This bibliography is inevitably incomplete. A note of principal sources is given at the end.

I welcome corrections, gap-fillers, and additions, preferably by e-mail, to

AUTHOR / BIRTH
PLACE /

TITLE

/ 1st ED. / ANR ED. / PUB’R 1 / PUB’R 2 / PLACE of pub 1 / PLACE of pub 2 / NOTES
Aboud, James / Trinidad and Tobago / The Stone Rose / 1986 / 1986 / Paria / Peepal Tree / Port of Spain / Leeds
Aboud, James / Trinidad and Tobago / Lagaboo Poems / 2004 / Peepal Tree / Leeds
Adams, Odel / Guyana / A Gathering of Thoughts / 1974 / Magnet / Georgetown
Adisa, Opal / Jamaica / Travelling women / 1989 / Jukebox / Oakland,CA / With American poet
Devorah Major
Adisa, Opal / Jamaica / Tamarind and Mango Women / 1992 / Sister Vision Press / Toronto
Adisa, Opal / Jamaica / Leaf-of-Life / 2000 / Self-published / ?Jamaica
Adisa, Opal / Jamaica / Caribbean Passion / 2004 / Peepal Tree / Leeds
Adisa, Opal / Jamaica / Eros Music / 2006 / Africa World Press / Trenton, NJ / Poems and Essays
Adisa, Opal / Jamaica / I name me name / 2006 / Peepal Tree / Leeds
Agard, John / Guyana / Shoot me with Flowers / 1973 / Self-published / Georgetown
Agard, John / Guyana / Man to Pan / 1982 / Casa de las Americas / Havana
Agard, John / Guyana / I din do nuttin... / 1983 / 1984 / Red Fox / Methuen / London / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / Limbo Dancer in dark glasses / 1983 / Greenheart / Islington
Agard, John / Guyana / Mangoes and Bullets / 1985 / 1990 / Pluto / Serpent’s Tail / London / London
Agard, John / Guyana / Say it again, granny / 1986 / 1987 / Bodley Head / Magnet / London / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / Laughter is an egg / 1990 / 1991 / Viking / Puffin / London / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / Loveliness for a goat-born lady / 1990 / Serpent’s Tail / London
Agard, John / Guyana / The emperor’s din-din / 1992 / Hodder and Stoughton / London
Agard, John / Guyana / A Stone’s Throw from Embankment / 1993 / South Bank Collection / London
Agard, John / Guyana / Grandfather’s old bruk-a-down car / 1994 / Red Fox / London
Agard, John / Guyana / Eat a Poem, Wear a Poem / 1995 / Heinemann / London / Children’s poems.The items listed form part of Agard’s prolific output, mainly of poems for children. Also playwright.
Agard, John / Guyana / Get back, pimple! / 1996 / 1997 / Viking / Puffin / London / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / We animals... / 1996 / Bodley Head / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / From the devil’s pulpit / 1997 / Bloodaxe / Newcastle
Agard, John / Guyana / Points of view / 2000 / 2001 / Bodley Head / Red Fox / London / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / Weblines / 2000 / Bloodaxe / Newcastle
Agard, John / Guyana / Come back to me, my boomerang / 2001 / Orchard / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / Einstein, the girl who hated maths / 2002 / Hodder Wayland / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / Hello H2O / 2003 / Hodder Wayland / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / Half-caste... / 2004 / Hodder and Stoughton / London / Children’s poems
Agard, John / Guyana / Wriggle piggy toes / 2005 / Frances Lincoln / London / Children’s poems
Albert, George / St Lucia / Message from Marisule / 1983 / Self-published / Gros Islet, St Lucia
Alexander, Francine / Trinidad and Tobago / Aftermath / 1988 / Self-published / Port of Spain / With Laila Haidarali and Candyce Kelshall
Ali, R. / Trinidad and Tobago / From Deep Within / 1982 / Self-published / ?Trinidad
Alladin, M.P. / Trinidad and Tobago / And Where is Human Man? / 1968 / Self-published / ?Trinidad / Artist
Alladin, M.P. / Trinidad and Tobago / The Monstrous Angel / 1969 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Allen, Lillian / Jamaica / Rhythm ‘an’ hard Times / 1982 / Domestic Bliss / Toronto / Dub poet; reggae musician;playwright.
Allen, Lillian / Jamaica / Women do this everyday / 1993 / Women’s Press / Toronto / Selected
Allen, Lillian / Jamaica / Psychic Unrest / 1999 / Insomniac Press / Canada
Allen, Lisa / Trinidad and Tobago / Something to Say / 1992 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Allen, Oswald / Trinidad and Tobago / Moment of Time / 1963 / ?Self-published / Port of Spain
Allen, Oswald / Trinidad and Tobago / Moment of Eternal Years / 1987 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Allfrey, Phyllis / Domin-ica / In Circles: Poems / 1940 / Raven Press / Harrow Weald
Allfrey, Phyllis / Domin-ica / Palm and Oak I / 1952 / Self- published / London
Allfrey, Phyllis / Domin-ica / Contrasts / 1955 / Advocate Press / Barbados
Allfrey, Phyllis / Domin-ica / Palm and Oak II / 1973 / Star / Roseau, Dominica
Allison, Judy / Jamaica / White is a part of maroon / 1982 / Kingston Publications / Kingston / With C.L.G.Harris
Alphonso, John / Trinidad and Tobago / Reflections of My Soul on Paper / 1979 / Self-published / New York
Als, Michael / Trinidad and Tobago / Poems of Life and Soul / 1972 / Vanguard / Toronto
Als, Michael / Trinidad and Tobago / Speaking of My Country / 1975 / Self-published / San Fernando, Trinidad
Als, Michael / Trinidad and Tobago / Detention/ Pickers and Flowers / 1981 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Als, Michael / Trinidad and Tobago / Bill of Rights / 1985 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Anand (Sadanan Ramnarine) / Trinidad and Tobago / Mind Control Poems / 1990 / Self-published / ?Trinidad
Anand, G.V. / Guyana / Hungry Voices Cry / 1976 / Guyana National Service / Georgetown
Andwale,Andisa Jeleni / Barbados / Antiquity / 2002 / Peepal Tree / Leeds
Anon. / ? / Jamaica & A Pastoral Epistle / 1777 / ? / London
Armstrong, Ivy / Jamaica / Native Dawta / 1995 / Kingston / Kingston / Mainly dialect
Arthur, Kevyn / Barbados / England and Nowhere / 1993 / Peepal Tree / Leeds
Asare, Sardar / Guyana / Poems of Separation / 1981 / Self-published / Georgetown
Asika / See Frank John
Attz, Naomi / Trinidad and Tobago / My Inspirations / 1977 / Self-published / San Fernando, Trinidad
Augier, Adrian / St Lucia / Out of Darkness / 1979
Augier, Adrian / St Lucia / Genesis / 1980
Augier, Adrian / St Lucia / Of Many Voices / 1981
Augier, Adrian / St Lucia / Of Tears and Triumph / 1982
Augier, Adrian / St Lucia / BridgeMaker / 2001 / Star / St Lucia
Augier, Adrian / St Lucia / Midstream / 2001 / S tar / St Lucia
Augustus, Stella / Trinidad and Tobago / Steps along the way / 1977 / Inprint / Port of Spain
Augustus, Stella / Trinidad and Tobago / The Basil Tree / 1988 / College / Port of Spain
Bacchus, Nadeer / Guyana / The golden arrowhead / 1978 / Self-published / Guyana
Bacchus, Nadeer / Guyana / Shattered Dreams / 1979 / Self-published / Corriverton, Guyana
Bacchus, Winston / Trinidad and Tobago / The Murmurings of Aschak / 1976 / Scope Publishing / St Anns, Trinidad
Bachan, John / Trinidad and Tobago / Aspects of Life / 1986 / Self-published / San Fernando, Trinidad
Bakari, Ishaq Imruh (Imruh Caesar) / St Kitts / Sounds and Echoes / 1980 / Karnak / London
Barker, Norma / Trinidad and Tobago / Black Face / 1983 / Self-published / Houston
Barnes, Sylvanus / Antigua / Fling Stone inna Hog Pen vol.1 / 2000 / ?Self-published / Antigua
Barnes, Sylvanus / Antigua / Fling Stone inna Hog Pen vol.2 / 2000 / ?Self-published / Antigua
Barnes, Sylvanus / Antigua / Poetry and Humour from Antigua:Riotous Rhymes ‘N Remedies / 2001 / Sun Printing / Antigua
Barnes, Sylvanus / Antigua / Barney’s Wit ‘n Wisdom / 2005 / Self-published / Antigua
Barnes, Sylvanus / Antigua / Humorous, Studious ‘n’ Lugubrious / 2010 / Self-published / Antigua
Barnes, Sylvanus / Antigua / Loyal Mates ‘n’ Reprobates / 2010 / Self-published / Antigua
Barrett, Lindsay / Jamaica / The State of Black Desire / 1966 / 1974 / Self-published / Ethiope / Paris / Benin City / Essays and poems
Barrett, Lindsay / Jamaica / The Conflicting Eye / 1973 / Paul Bremen / London / As ‘Eseoghene’
Barrett, Lindsay / Jamaica / Lipskybound / 1977 / Bladi / Enugu, Nigeria
Barrett, Lindsay / Jamaica / A Quality of Pain / 1986 / Gaskiya / Nigeria
Battick,
Cleve / Jamaica / 360o... west / 1982 / Writers Guild / Jamaica / With Leonie Carey, Millard Lowe
Baugh, Edward / Jamaica / Tale from the Rain Forest / 1988 / Sandberry Press / Kingston / See also H.Carberry
Baugh, Edward / Jamaica / It Was the Singing / 2000 / Sandberry Press / Kingston/
Toronto / Includes ‘Tale…’
Bell, Vera / Jamaica / This is the life / 1954 / Stockwell / Ilfracombe
Bell, Vera / Jamaica / Ogog / 1971 / Vantage / New York
Belmosa, Trevor / Trinidad and Tobago / The Soul of Pan / 1989 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Benesford, Vanrick / Guyana / 32 inspiring poems and 50 proverbs / 1979 / Self-published / Georgetown
Benjamin, S.G. / Guyana / Martyrs of the Revolution / [1982] / Self-published / Georgetown
Benjamin, S.G. / Guyana / Bun de’ouse / 1978 / Self-published / Guyana
Ben-Kari,Bert / Trinidad and Tobago / Moments of Perception / 197? / Self-published / Port of Spain
Bennett, Louise / Jamaica / Jamaica Dialect Verses / 1942 / The Herald / Kingston
Bennett, Louise / Jamaica / Jamaican Humour in Dualect / 1943 / Jamaican Press Association / Kingston
Bennett, Louise / Jamaica / Anancy Stories and Poems in Dialect / 1944 / Gleaner / Kingston
Bennett, Louise / Jamaica / Anancy Stories and DialectVerse / 1950 / Pioneer / Kingston / With Dorothy Clarke etc.
Bennett, Louise / Jamaica / Jamaica Labrish / 1966 / Sangsters / Kingston
Bennett, Louise / Jamaica / Anancy and Miss Lou / 1979 / Sangsters / Kingston / Dialect
Bennett, Louise / Jamaica / Selected poems / 1982 / Sangsters / Kingston / Glossary
Bennett, Louise / Jamaica / Jamaican Dialect Poems / n/d / The Gleaner / Kingston / Cover gives title as ‘Mis Lulu Sez. A Collection of Dialect Poems’. The bibliography of Bennett’s publications is difficult. Help!
Bernard , Veronica / Antigua / Coconut Walk / ?1990
Bernard, Veronica / Antigua / Pineapple Rhymes / 1989 / Blackwood Press / Atlanta
Berry, James / Jamaica / Fractured Circles / 1979 / New Beacon / London
Berry, James / Jamaica / Lucy’s Letters and Loving / 1982 / New Beacon / London
Berry, James / Jamaica / Chain of Days / 1985 / OUP / Oxford
Berry, James / Jamaica / When I Dance / 1988 / Hamish Hamilton / London
Berry, James / Jamaica / Celebration Song / 1994 / 1996 / Hamish Hamilton / Puffin / London / London / Poems for children
Berry, James / Jamaica / Hot Earth/ Cold Earth / 1995 / Bloodaxe / Newcastle
Berry, James / Jamaica / Playing a dazzler / 1996 / Hamish Hamilton / London
Berry, James / Jamaica / Rough Sketch Beginning / 1996 / Harcourt Brace / San Diego, Calif.
Berry, James / Jamaica / Everywhere Faces Everywhere / 1997 / Simon and Shuster / New York / Children’s book
Berry, James / Jamaica / A nest full of stars / 2002 / Macmillan / London / Children’s book
Bhagwandin, Belwant / Guyana / Georgetown Spies / 1995 / Inside / New York
Bhagwandin, Belwant / Guyana / Wild Flowers / 2001 / Writers Club / Denver
Bhagwandin, Belwant. / Guyana / I hear Guyana cry / 2003 / Writers Club / Denver
Bhajan, Selwyn / Trinidad and Tobago / Season of Songs / 1973 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Bhajan, Selwyn / Trinidad and Tobago / Quest / 1975 / Scene / Port of Spain
Bhajan, Selwyn / Trinidad and Tobago / Whispers of Dawn / 1978 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Bhajan, Selwyn / Trinidad and Tobago / Voyage / 1981 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Bhajan, Selwyn / Trinidad and Tobago / Sisters / 1984 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Bissundyal, Churaumanie / Guyana / Glorianna / 1976 / Self-published / Guyana / As ‘Omartelle Blessenequi’ . Novelist and playwright
Bissundyal, Churaumanie / Guyana / The Cleavage / 1986 / Self-published / Guyana / See above
Bissundyal, Churaumanie / Guyana / Lotus in the Mud / 2000 / Paddy Sheaves / Georgetown / See above
Blades, Leon / Trinidad / Freedom Song and Other Poems / 1984 / Trinity Arts / Birmingham
Blenessequi, Omartelle / Guyana / See ‘Chauaumanie Bissundyal’
Blenman Scott, Marjorie / Trinidad and Tobago / Sisters / 1984 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Bloom, Valerie / Jamaica / Touch Mi, Tell Mi / 1983 / Bogle L’Ouverture / London / Dialect
Bloom, Valerie / Jamaica /

Duppy Jamboree

/ 1992 / CUP / Cambridge / Children’s book. Glossary
Bobb, Josiah / St.Vin-
cent / Travelling with the moon / 1986 / Reliance / St.Vincent
Book, Br. (Hollis Peters) / Trinidad and Tobago / The Optician / 1985 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Boxill Ian / Barbados / Winds of change / 1983 / Self-published / Barbados / With Freek and Antareen Gilkes
Boyce Taylor, Cheryl / Trinidad and Tobago / Raw Air / 1997 / 2000 / Fly By Night / Fly By Night / New York / New York
Boyce Taylor, Cheryl / Trinidad and Tobago / Night When Moon Follows / 2000 / Long Shot / Hoboken, NJ
Boyce Taylor, Cheryl / Trinidad and Tobago / Convincing the Body / 2009 / Vintage Entity / New York
Braithwaite, Berrington / Guyana / Voyage / 1979 / Ministry of Education / Georgetown
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / Fore Day Morning / 1978 / Kids Can / Toronto
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / Earth Magic / 1979 / Kids Can / Toronto / Poems for children
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / Primitive Offensive / 1983 / Williams-Wallace / Toronto
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / Winter Epigrams and Epigrams to Ernesto Cardenal in Defense of Claudia / 1983 / Williams-Wallace / Toronto
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / Chronicles of the Hostile Sun / 1984 / Williams-Wallace / Toronto
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / No Language is Neutral / 1990 / 1998 / Coach House / McClelland and Stewart / Toronto / Toronto
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / Land to Light On / 1997 / McClelland and Stewart / Toronto
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / Thirsty / 2002 / McClelland and Stewart / Toronto
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / Inventory / 2006 / McClelland and Stewart / Toronto
Brand, Dionne / Trinidad and Tobago / Ossuarie / 2010 / McClelland and Stewart / Toronto
Brassington, F.E. / Guyana / Poems / 1941 / Argosy / Georgetown
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Amem Poems / California
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Rights of Passage / 1967 / OUP / London
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Masks / 1968 / OUP / London
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Islands / 1969 / OUP / London
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / The Arrivants / 1973 / OUP / London / Trilogy made up of Rights of Passage, Masks and Islands
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Days and Nights / 1975 / Caldwell / Mona, Jamaica
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Other Exiles / 1975 / OUP / London
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Black and Blues / 1976 / 1995 / Casa de las Americas / New Directions / Havana / New York / See Third World Poems
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Mother Poem / 1977 / OUP / Oxford / A trilogy - as Ancestors – with Sun Poem and X/Self
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Soweto / 1979 / Savacou / Mona, Jamaica
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Word Making Man / 1979 / Savacou / Mona, Jamaica
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Sun Poem / 1982 / OUP / Oxford / See Mother Poem above
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Third World Poems / 1983 / Longman / Harlow / ‘a secular version of … ‘Black and Blues’
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Jah Music / 1986 / Savacou / Mona, Jamaica
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / X/Self / 1987 / OUP / Oxford / See Mother Poem above
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Sappho Sekyi’s Meditations / 1990 / Savacou / Mona, Jamaica
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Shar/Hurricane Poem / 1990 / Savacou / Mona, Jamaica / Trilogy with Trench Town Rock and The Zea Mexican Diary
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Middle Passages / 1992 / Bloodaxe / Newcastle
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / The Zea Mexican Diary / 1993 / Wisconsin UP / Madison, Wisconsin / Part of trilogy, with Trench Town Rock and Shar/Hurricane Poem
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Barabajan Poems 1942-92 / 1994 / Savacou / Mona, Jamaica
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Dream Stories/ DS(2) / 1994 / Longman / New Directions / Harlow / New York
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Trench Town Rock / 1994 / Lost Roads / Providence, RI / Part of trilogy (with The Zea Mexican Diary and Shar/Hurricane Poem).A ‘long documentarian song’.
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Dream Haiti / 1995 / Savacou North / Mona, Jamaica
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / ConVERsations with Nathaniel Mackey / 1999 / We Press/ Minnesota UP / ? St Paul, Minneapolis / .
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Words Need Love Too / 2000 / 2004 / House of Nehesi / Salt / St. Martin / Camb-ridge
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / MR/ Magical Realism / 2002 / Savacou North / Mona, Jamaica / 2 vol.
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Ark / 2004 / Savacou North / Mona, Jamaica
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Born to Slow Horses / 2005 / Wesleyan UP / Middletown CT
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau / Barbados / Eleggues / 2010 / Wesleyan UP / Middletown, CT
Brathwaite, Jacqueline / Trinidad and Tobago / A Tribute to All / 1987 / Self-published / Scarborough Tobago
Breeze, Jean ‘Binta’ / Jamaica / Answers / 1983 / Masani / Jamaica
Breeze, Jean ‘Binta’ / Jamaica / Riddym Ravings / 1988 / Race Today / London
Breeze, Jean ‘Binta’ / Jamaica / Spring Cleaning / 1992 / Virago / London
Breeze, Jean ‘Binta’ / Jamaica / On the edge of an island / 1997 / Bloodaxe / Newcastle / Verse and prose
Breeze, Jean ‘Binta’ / Jamaica / The Arrival of Brighteye and Other Poems / 2000 / Bloodaxe / Newcastle
Breeze, Jean ‘Binta’ / Jamaica / The Fifth Figure / 2006 / Bloodaxe / Newcastle / Verse and prose
Bridgenath
Jaitram / Trinidad and Tobago / Reflections and Readings – Bk I / 1976 / Self-published / Gasparillo, Trinidad
Brizan, David / Trinidad and Tobago / Lullaby of Love / 1982 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Brother Resistance / Trinidad and Tobago / Rapso Explosion / 1986 / Karia / London
Brown, Beverley / Jamaica / Dream Diary / 1982 / Savacou / Mona, Jamaica
Brown, Joy A. Simons / Jamaica / The Joy of Knowing / 1993
Brown, Lloyd / Jamaica / Duppies / 1996 / Peepal Tree / Leeds
Brown, Wayne / Trinidad and Tobago / On the Coast / 1972 / Andre Deutsch / London
Brown, Wayne / Trinidad and Tobago / Voyages / 1989 / Inprint / Port of Spain
Browne, Vitalis / Trinidad and Tobago / Experience and Reflections / 1988 / Self-published / San Fernando, Trinidad
Brusch,Clayton / Guyana / Sharing the Caring / 1985 / Self-published / Freeport, Bahamas
Butisingh, R. / Guyana / Love’s Light / 1972 / Self-published / Georgetown
Butisingh, R. / Guyana / Wild Flowers / 1977 / Self-published / Georgetown
Byron, Asaman / Trinidad and Tobago / To Be Black is to be Equal (=) to God / 1971 / Self-published / New York
Caesar, Oris / Trinidad and Tobago / Vignettes of Tobago / 1984 / Self-published / Scarborough Tobago
Caesar, Oris / Trinidad and Tobago / Poems of Nostalgia and Others / 1986 / Self-published / Scarborough Tobago
Calliste, Leroy and Selwyn Newton / Trinidad and Tobago / 474 Years of Pain and Suffering / 1972 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Campbell, Festus / Jamaica / The farmers’ songs / 198? / Self-published / Kingston / Verse and prose
Campbell, Festus / Jamaica / Dread Thoughts / c.1983 / Self-published / New York
Campbell, George / Panama/ Jamaica / First Poems / 1945 / 1981 / Self-published / Garland Press
(With additional poems) / Kingston / New York/ London / Also Peepal Tree 2012
Campbell, George / Panama/ Jamaica / Earth Testament / 1983 / Self-published / Kingston / Drawings by Edna Manley
Campbell, J. / Guyana / ‘Of this and that’ / [197-] / Labour Advocate / Georgetown
Campbell, J. / Guyana / Poems to remember / 1968 / Sadeek / Georgetown
Campbell, J. / Guyana / Poems for all / 1971 / Master / Georgetown
Campbell, J. / Guyana / Our Own Poems / 1973 / Self-published / Georgetown
Capildeo, Devendranath / Trinidad and Tobago / Ten Short Poems / 1969 / Self-published / Port of Spain
Capildeo, Devendranath / Trinidad and Tobago / Maracas Bay and Other Poems / 1972 / Self-published / Port of Spain