World of Architecture Technological Design - TDJ3M

World of Architecture Technological Design - TDJ3M

Welcome to the World of Architecture

AutoSketch

Coordinates

Coordinates are numbers that specify the location of one point in relation to another. This relationship is classified as either absolute or relative.

Absolute coordinates reference the origin of the current coordinate system, for example, the Drawing Origin, the Grid Origin, or the Page Origin.

Relative coordinates reference the last point you entered. They are useful when you want to draw or place another entity a known distance from another entity or point.

AutoSketch expresses location in three ways: xy (Cartesian), polar, and isometric coordinates.

X- and y-coordinates express location in terms of horizontal and vertical distances from another point.

Polar coordinates express location in terms of distance (radius) and angle. For example, the xy coordinates 7,5 are equivalent to the polar coordinates 8.6,35.5.

Isometric coordinates differ from x- or y-coordinates in that they add a third axis (z) to the expression. Isometric drawings are usually used to create two-dimensional views of a three-dimensional object.

Coordinate Systems

Entering Coordinates

Type R to enter Relative Coordinates. Enter x and y coordinates.

Type R and click on the polar icon to enter Polar Coordinates

Polar icon

R = Distance

O = Angle

IS = Architecture Presentation

Choose an architect or piece of architecture and research it. Subheader could include:

a) Time period

b) Historical background

c) Characteristics and style of the designer

d) Major influences on the designer’s work

e) Major works

Project must be researched using the library, internet, or reference books from other sources. The report must be presented in class using powerpoint. Each student working on this assignment must research a different architect.

Remember architecture is a visual experience. Use lots of pictures!!!!!

Late marks: 10% per day.

No essay is to be handed in, only an outline of the presentation.

Due Date: To be determined

Maximum length: 15 minutes

Minimum length: 7 minutes

Rubric for the PRESENTATION

Topic ______

Historical information
Background and research
Characteristics of style / 0 1
0 / 2 3
1 / 4 5
2 / 6 7
3 / 8 9 4 / 10
5
Appearance
Use of Pictures to convey message / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
Overall Presentation
Spoke clearly
Did not use notes or screen
Made eye contact with audience / 0
0
0
0 / 1
1
1
1 / 2
2
2
2 / 3
3
3 / 4
4 / 5
5

Total /40

Assignment #1 Your bedroom

You are going to redecorate your bedroom but first you must draw a plan of your room using a C.A.D. program. You may use the metric or imperial system, which ever you are most comfortable in.

First step is to go home and measure your room. Remember to include all door and window openings. Measure the depth of your closet also. Just make a simple sketch of your room on a piece of looseleaf. No need for it to be beautiful just legible.

The end result!!!!

Your complete AutoSketch drawing is to be inserted on a title block (found in my handout directory) with a title, date, scale, drawing # and of course your name on it, then printed and handed into me.

Assignment #2 Your Dream Home

A client wants to have a house designed by your firm. Your will be responsible to draw the set of presentation drawings using AutoSketch. You may use the metric or imperial system, which ever you are most comfortable in. Once the presentation drawing has been approved by the client then you will proceed to draw the elevations.

The family has put together some specifications that they want you to follow:

1. the house cannot exceed 2400 square feet or 223 square meters.

2. Main floor family room

3. main floor living and dining room

4. dining room located off the kitchen

5. Main or second floor laundry room

6. Two car garage

7. three bedrooms

8. half bath, full bath and ensuite required

9. Design should accommodate a recreation area at rear of house.

10. Lot size is 96’ X 96’ feet or 29.2m X 29.2 m

Kitchen Design

Bathroom Measurements

Room Sizes

Metric / Imperial
Bedrooms
Small
Medium
Large / 2400mm X 3000mm
3600mm x 3600mm
3600mm x 4800mm / 8’-0” x 10’-0”
12’-0” x 12’-0”
12’-0” x 16’-0”
Living Rooms
Small
Medium
Large / 3000mm x 3600mm
4200mm x 6000mm
5400mm x 8400mm / 10’-0” x 12’-0”
14’-0” x 20’-0”
18’-0” x 28’-0”
Dining Rooms
Small
Medium
Large / 2700mm x 3300mm
3600mm x 4200mm
4200mm x 6000mm / 9’-0” x 11’-0”
12’-0” x 14’-0”
18’-0” x 20’-0”
Bathroom
Small
Medium
Large / 2400mm x 1800mm
3300mm x 2100mm
4200mm x 2700mm / 8’0” x 6’-0”
11’-0” x 7’-0”
14’-0” x 9’-0”
Washroom
Small
Medium
Large / 2000mm x 900mm
2100mm x 1500mm
2700mm x 1800mm / 6’6” x 3’-0”
7’-0” x 5’-0”
9’-0” x 6’-0”
Average Garage Widths
Small single
3600mm (12’-0”) / Large Single
4500mm (15’-0”)
Small Double
6000mm (20’-0”) / Large Double
7500mm (25’-0”)
Small Triple
9000mm (30’-0”) / Large Triple
11 400mm (36’-0”)
Average Garage Lengths
Minimal
6000mm (20’-0”) / Generous
8000mm (27’-0”)

Stairway Terminology

Spiral Staircase

Wall Sections

There are several methods of constructing a house, such as building one of solid masonry or using either concrete blocks, cinder blocks, wood, poured concrete or bricks.

Methods Of Wood House Construction

There are three major methods of wood house construction:

1. Platform framing

2. Balloon framing

3. Post and beam construction

Platform framing

· most frequently used

· a platform is constructed on each floor level

· each platform consists of joists and studs

· each stud frame is constructed on the platform

and raised into position.

Balloon framing

· studs long enough to frame two storeys

· walls are build in the vertical position

· rarely used

Post and beam construction

· uses horizontal members which are supported at its

end by vertical posts (columns) called curtain walls. These

are non-load-bearing walls used to form the exterior of a

building.

· used to enclose a space or allow large areas of glass to

be used.

The Full Wall Section

All sets of working drawing should contain a wall section. It is like a piece of wall has been cut out to show how all the parts fit together.

Footing section

· Shows how the foundation is keyed to the footings.

· Footings are twice the width of the foundation wall.

· The depth should be one and one half times the width of the projection.

Foundation wall made of poured concrete are:

· Two-storey 10in or 250mm

· One-storey 8in or 200mm

· Min. projection is 4in or 100mm

· damp-proofed with Bituminous material

· Drainage tile surrounds the perimeter of the foundation. It is a plastic tube 4” or 100mm in diameter, it is perforated so that water can seep into it. Gravel surrounding the tube, but not underneath it.

· Concrete basement floor (3” or 75mm thick) is supported by the footings but rests on a cushion of sand 25mm or 1”

· The floor is usually made of poured concrete and bordered by an expansion joint, which helps prevent cracking of the concrete as a result of temperature changes.

· Under the floor is 5” or 125mm of coarse fill with a 0.10mm polyethylene film between the floor and the fill to ensure that the floor will be damp-proof. (see handout)

Sill Section

· Sill section shows how the wooden superstructure of a house is fastened to the foundation.

· A series of anchor bolts 12.7mm or 3/8” dia. are embedded into the top of the foundation wall at 240mm or 8” intervals.

· On top of the foundation wall is placed a foam gasket or a bed of motar if the wall is uneven, then the sill plate and on top of that are the joists which supports the sub-floor.

Wall section

· On top of the sub-floor is the bottom plate and then the vertical studs are placed at 16” (400mm) centers.

· The studs are 2”x4” ( 38mm x 89mm) for interior walls or non insulated walls and 2”x6” ( 38mm x 140mm) for exterior walls or insulated walls.

· The joists are supported at the top by the two top plates. If there is a second floor the joists would sit on the top plates.

· The ceiling finish is applied to the underside of the joists.

Interior wall

· On the interior side of the walls, studs are covered with a vapour barrier and then drywall or plaster is applied.

· The spaces between the studs are filled with insulation.

Exterior wall

· The exterior of the studs is covered with a sheathing such as fiberboard, gypsum board, plywood, waferboard, lumber or rigid insulation.

· Wall sheathing is then applied which should be water-resistant but vapour-permeable, to this the exterior cladding (finish) is applied.

There are several types of exterior cladding;

1. Siding made from medal, vinyl, or wood

2. Shakes or shingles

3. Stucco

4. Masonry - concrete, brick, stone or clay

Roof Trusses and Rafters

Roof Trusses

Trusses are prefabricated units that can be used for either roof or floor support. In residential construction, they are used mainly in the fabrication of roofs.

A truss is a carefully engineered system of triangles that result in a very strong structural shape and has several advantages over conventional roof framing.

1. A truss can be designed to span the entire width of a house with no intermediate support required

2. Trusses are quicker and safer to erect, workers spend less time at higher locations (on the roof)

3. Smaller and lighter pieces of lumber are used in truss construction and are spaced 24” (600mm) apart instead of 16” (400mm) on centers. Therefore 30 to 35% less material is used.

Trusses used in house construction are usually designed with a W plan. This design reduces the amount of attic space.

The best application for trusses is a simple gable plan. When used in a hip roof or other non standard roof styles they are more difficult to design and cost more.

Truss are assembled with plywood metal plate connectors.

Rafters

· Rafters are a roof’s structural member running from the wall plate to the ridge. There are jack, hip, valley and common rafters. The structural members of a flat roof are usually called roof joists. Roof framing with ceiling joists are parallel to the rafters.

· Exterior studs are 2x6 or 38mmx140mm spaced are be spaced at 16” or 400mm, while trusses are spaced at 24”(600mm).

Roof framing with ceiling joists parallel to rafters

Typical Parts of a Roof

· Underlayment – often called tar paper this heavy felt paper (synthetic materials are available as well) is placed on top of the decking before the roofing material is installed to offer an additional layer of protection from moisture.

· Starter Strip - Asphalt roofing applied at the eaves that provides protection by filling in the spaces under the cutouts and joints of the first course of shingles.

· Drip Edge – edging that is placed at the end of the roof (end of the eaves) used to allow water to run-off and drip clear of underlying construction.

· Fascia – trim used to cover the rafter end of the eaves. Often where gutters are attached to the house.

· Soffit – a finished underside of the eaves. Covers the area between the end of the eaves and the house.

· Dormer - the structure (walls and roof) around a window that projects from a sloped roof.

· Roof Truss – the skeleton of the roof. A framework of beams that support the roof.

· Rafters – The beams that run from the top of the roof to the bottom. Part of the roof truss.

· Decking or Sheathing – Panels that cover the rafters and to which the roofing material (shingles, metal panels, etc..) are attached.

· Valley - internal angle formed when by the intersection of two sloping roof planes. The intersection of a cross hip or cross gable roof.

· Hip - external angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes.

· Gable – triangle shaped part of the end of a building underneath the roof and above the main portion of the house.

· Ridge – the highest point of the roof that runs the length of the roof.

· Flashing - Pieces of metal used to prevent the seepage of water around any intersection or projection in a roof, such as vent pipes, chimneys, valleys, and the joints at vertical walls.

· Roof Skylights - A skylight is a special type of window built into the roof of a house in order to allow natural light to come into the house directly.

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