Chemistry 1 Pre-AP Semester Review
1. The study of the composition and structure of matter is which of the following?
a. chemistry b. biology c. physics d. geology
2. In a patent application for a machine, 20 joules of energy is used to produce 35 joules of energy. Is this possible?
a. yes b. no c. not enough information
3. Acids behave in a particular manner because they donate a proton to a base. This statement is an example of which of the following?
a. conclusion b. hypothesis c. law d. theory e. experiment
4. A spring that is stretched has which type of energy?
a. potential b. kinetic c. radiant d. not enough information
5. If the amount of energy in the universe increases, then what must happen to the amount of mass in the universe?
a. there is no relationship b. decrease c. increase d. remain the same
6. Which of the following is not a physical property of a substance in the liquid state?
a. indefinite volume b. definite mass
c. almost incompressible d. indefinite shape
7. Which of the following is a pure substance?
a. water b. blood c. the ocean d. all of these e. none of these
8. A solid, silver-colored metallic element is combined with a light green, gaseous element, producing a powdery white solid product. Select the term that applies to the product.
a. element b. compound c. homogeneous mixture d. heterogeneous mixture
9. Which of the following is a chemical property of magnesium?
a. magnesium is bendable b. magnesium oxidizes to form a white powder
c. magnesium melts at 650°C d. magnesium is a silver colored metal
e. all are chemical properties
10. Can gold (Au) be decomposed?
a. yes b. no
11. Which state of matter is characterized by having an indefinite shape and volume and is composed of charged particles?
a. gas b. liquid c. solid d. plasma e. both a and d
12. Consider the chemical reaction in which carbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. What mass of carbon dioxide would be produces if 24 grams of carbon reacted completely with 64 grams of oxygen
a. 40 g b. 48 g c.130 g d. 88 g e. 64 g
13. Which of the following could be heterogeneous?
a. a pure substance b. an element c. a compound d. a mixture
14. The process by which a solid is changed into a liquid is called ______.
15. A substance that can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances is a (an) ______.
16. The ______is the smallest subdivision of matter that has all the properties of matter.
17. A pure substance is either a ______or a ______.
18. A change in the properties of a substance without a change in the composition is a ______change.
19. Which of the following is not an indication that a chemical reaction has taken place?
a. color change b. change of state c. change in energy/temperature d. bubbles
20. Indicate whether the samples of matter described below are pure substances or mixtures, and, if mixtures, whether homogeneous or heterogeneous.
a. a cube of sugar b. vegetable soup c. premium gasoline
d. salt water e. salt f. tap water g. ice
21. List each of the following as an intensive or extensive property:
a. volume b. mass c. temperature d. color
e. density f. weight g. melting point h. resistance to corrosion
22. Identify each of the following as statements as a theory or a law:
a. A body in motion will remain in motion, while a body at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside unbalanced force.
b. At constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related
c. In a chemical reaction the total mass of the reactants will equal the total mass of the products
d. Tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion because of the energy they have
23. Classify the following as potential or kinetic energy.
a. a book is poised on the edge of a table
b. a book is falling
c. you are walking
d. food
e. a stretched rubber band
24. When a small amount of a red powder is heated, it darkens, releases a gas and then changes into a shiny silvery liquid. Is the red powder an element or a compound? Explain. Can you classify the shiny liquid with certainty? Explain.
25. Which of the following correctly describes a conversion factor in dimensional analysis?
a. is equal to one b. is a ratio of equivalent measurements
c. does not change the value of a measurement d. all of the above
26. If the number 53.4 is multiplied by the number 2.11; how many digits should the answer contain?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
27. Three different people weigh a standard mass of 2.00g on the same balance. Each person obtains a reading of 7.32g for the mass of the standard. These results imply that the balance that was used is
a. Accurate but not precise b. Precise but not accurate
c. Accurate and precise d. Neither accurate nor precise
28. Round each of the following numbers to 3 significant digits.
a. 1995.6 m b. 0.0045921 kg c. 326.001 cm d. 3010.0 m
29. If the atomic mass of a neutral atom of chlorine is 35 amu, how many neutrons does it have?
a. 17 b. 18 c. 35 d. 52
30. What is the energy of a photon of red light with a wavelength of 6.45 x 10-5 cm?
a. 3.08 x 10-19 J b. 3.08 x 10-21 J c. 4.28 x 10-38 J d. 7.02 x 1047 J
31. Make the conversions indicated:
a) 6.00 x 104 μm = ______m b) 2.2 nm = ______Tm
c)27.6 ml = ______L d) 7.53 L = ______cm3
e) 531 mg = ______kg f) 6.7 Mg = ______cg
32. What is the approximate volume of a sample of element Q that has a mass of 10g?
a. 6 cm3 b. 10 cm3 c. 15 cm3 d. none of the above
33. A student tests an unknown substance. The properties she tested and her results are shown in the table. Given this information, which of the following is the most reasonable conclusion for the student to reach?
Compressibility / Noncompressible
Melting Point / High
Density / 13.6 g/cm3
Average kinetic energy of particles / Low
a. the substance is a solid b. the substance is a plasma
c. the substance is a liquid d. the substance is a gas
34. Which of the following involves only a physical change?
a. snow subliming b. iron rusting
c. food digesting d. wood burning
35. Which of the following is an extensive property?
a. boiling point b. oxidation
c. density d. volume
36. Based on the heating curve shown, what state of matter would exist at 20ºC?
a. gas b. liquid c. solid d. plasma
37. Mr. Jones goes into Denny’s and orders tea with his lunch. He likes his tea really sweet and will need to add sugar. Which combination of tea and sugar should he use to produce the sweetest solution of tea?
a. granulated sugar and hot tea b. sugar cube and hot tea
c. granulated sugar and cold tea d. sugar cube and cold tea
38. The results of an experiment are shown below:
Unknown A / white crystals with dark flakes / crystals disappear; bubbles produced / crystals disappear / dark flakes attracted to magnet
Unknown A is which of the following?
a. homogeneous mixture b. heterogeneous mixture
c. compound c. element
39. Which of the following would compress a gas?
a. heating b. cooling
c. melting d. increasing the size of the container
40. A student is working with four beakers that each contains a clear liquid. Which set of procedures would be best to use to determine whether one of the beakers contains only distilled water?
a. Observe odor, determine temperature, observe color, determine boiling point
b. Observe odor, determine pH, determine density, determine boiling point
c. Observe volume, determine mass, observe color, determine pH
d. Determine mass, observe volume, determine temperature, observe color
41. An open container of water is brought to a boil and heated until all of the water is converted to water vapor. Which of the following describes the changes in the water molecules?
a. The molecules speed up and move farther apart
b. The molecules speed up and move closer together
c. The molecules slow down and move farther apart
d. The molecules slow down and move closer together
42. Which of the following is not part of the kinetic theory?
a. particles are always moving
b. particles are smaller at lower pressure
c. particles move faster at higher temperatures
d. all matter is made up of tiny, invisible particles
43.
A piece of metal is heated in a Bunsen burner flame and then immersed in a beaker of cool water. Which statement best describes the effect of the temperature changes on the kinetic energy of the particles?
a. Kinetic energy of metal atoms decreases in the flame
b. Kinetic energy of water molecules increases when the heated metal is immersed
c. Kinetic energy of water molecules decreases when the heated metal is immersed
d. Kinetic energy of metal atoms increases when immersed in the cooler water
44. The graph shows the rate of a certain reaction as a function of temperature. According to the graph, in order to double the rate of the reaction at 20ºC, the temperature must be increased by approximately -
a. 10 ºC b. 20 ºC c. 30 ºC d. 40 ºC
45. A heating curve for a substance is shown above. Between points X and Y, which would be observed?
a. solid and liquid will be present b. only vapor will be present
c. liquid and vapor will be present d. only liquid will be present
46. If one kilogram of each metal shown is heated to its boiling point, which metal would change into a gas with the least amount of additional heat?
a. copper b. gold c. iron d. silver
47. The most likely explanation for these data is -
a. The heat from the student’s hand was transferred to the contents of the cup to increase the temperature
b. The sand particles in the cup reacted chemically, giving off heat
c. The friction of the sand particles moving against themselves, the air and the cup produced heat
d. The warm air from the room entered the cup through the hole in its cover
48. A student has a beaker containing 55g of water at 100ºC. How much heat is needed to convert the water to steam? (heat of vaporization of water is 2257 J/g)
a. 120,000J b. 18,000J c. 2200J d. 330J
49.
Which of the following would be different if the ice had been at -30 ºC instead of -40 ºC at the start of the experiment
a. Fewer calories would be needed to get the ice to start melting
b. Fewer calories would be needed to complete the melting process once the ice had started melting
c. More calories would be needed to start the water boiling
d. More calories would be needed to vaporize the water completely once it started boiling
50. How should 0.000365 be expressed in proper scientific notation?
a. 365 b. 3.65 x 104 c. 3.65 d, 3.65 x 10-4
51. According to Billy Mays, Oxyclean is better at removing organic compound stains from clothes than other detergents. Most organic compounds are nonpolar. What can you surmise about Oxyclean?
a. it is a polar molecule b. it is a nonpolar molecule
c. it is a neutral molecule d. not enough information to tell
52. The diagram above represents radiation passing through and electric field as in experiments performed by Thomson, Rutherford and Millikan. The scientists reasoned that the arrow labeled A most likely represents:
a. an electron b. gamma radiation c. a proton d. a neutron
A / Yes / Yes
B / yes / No
C / No / No
D / Yes / yes
53. If Mendeleev found the above data to be true, which 2 elements would he place in the same family/group?
a. A and B b. B and C c. A and D d. B and C
54. The data table below provides some properties of unknown elements A,B,C and D. Evaluate and determine which element is most likely a nonmetal.
a. A b. B c. C d. D
55. From the list below, choose the discovery and the scientist(s) primarily responsible for each model of the atom.
Plum pudding / Thomson / Atom
Planetary / Millikan / Electron
Quantum Mechanical / Goldstein / Proton
Rutherford / Neutron
Bohr / Nucleus
Schrodinger / Wave equation
Heisenberg / Law of octaves
56. Given two facts regarding the value of a mole:
one mole contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules or atoms
one mole of any gas has a volume of 22.4L at STP
Answer the following:
I) Compared to one mole of O2 gas, one mole of CH4 gas has the same _____.
a. mass b. number of molecules
c. density d. number of oxygen atoms
II) Little Johnny has 2 moles of carbon. Carbon has an atomic mass of 12.01 amu. How many grams of carbon does little Johnny have?
a. 12.01g b. 24.02 g c. 6.005 g d. 14.01 g
57. Ernest Rutherford performed a famous experiment in which he used a radioactive alpha particle source and aimed the particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. . By studying photographic plates placed around the foil, he found that most particles passed straight through; some were reflected straight back to the source. The discovery led Rutherford to make several important conclusions. Using the experimental set-up shown above, what conclusions about atoms were made by Rutherford?
a. each atom contains electrons b. each atom contains protons
c. the nucleus of an atom can be split d. atoms are mostly empty space