United States History EOC Review Test
GOAL ONE:
1. During George Washington’s presidency, what was the major reason for conflict between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton?
A. Washington’s decision not to seek a third term
B. the distribution of power between the judicial branch and the legislative branch
C. the U.S. government’s decision to remain neutral in the war between France and Britain
D. Hamilton’s objection to Jefferson’s strict interpretation of the Constitution
2. Which best describes George Washington’s response to the Whisky Rebellion of 1794?
A. He gave in to the demands of the rebels.
B. He sent federal troops to put down the rebellion.
C. He ordered the rebels executed.
D. He negotiated a peace treaty with the rebels.
3. In an effort to gain support for his national debt plan (assumption), who suggested that the nation’s capital be moved from New York City to a new city in the South?
A. George Washington
B. Alexander Hamilton
C. John Jay
D. Thomas Jefferson
4. Which statement best explains the lack of political participation by American Indians in the United States during the Federalist period?
A. American Indians did not believe they were affected by U.S. government decisions
B. American Indians were denied U.S. citizenship.
C. American Indians refused to vote because of different views on land ownership.
D. American Indians did not support the United States’ desire to expand west of the Mississippi River.
5. Despite the pleas from women like Abigail Adams who reminded her husband to “remember the ladies”, which statement best describes the civil rights offered to women during the Federalist period?
A. Most women only briefly gained the right to vote and hold political office during the Federalist era.
B. Women made significant political gains during this period such as earning the right to vote but they could not sit on juries.
C. Women were treated as equals in almost every way with the exception of being able to hold the office of President of the United States.
D. Social equality applied mainly to white landholding males and basically ignored women’s rights.
6. Which best explains the impact of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin on slavery?
A. It made harvesting cotton easier; so many slaves were set free.
B. Many slaves were trained to operate the new invention.
C. Many slaves were killed or injured working with the cotton gin.
D. It created a cotton boom and increased the need for slaves.
7. Who secured a treaty with Spain giving the United States shipping rights on the Mississippi River?
A. Edmond Genet
B. Thomas Pinckney
C. William Henry Harrison
D. John Adams
8. If America was forced to choose sides, why did Alexander Hamilton sustain the belief that the U.S. should support Great Britain in their war against France?
A. He argued that an English victory would help the U.S. forge a better relationship with important trade partners in the East Indies.
B. England was America’s greatest trade partner and Hamilton argued that an Anglo-American alliance was in the best fiscal interest of the country.
C. He wanted to repair the damage that had been done by what he saw as an unfortunate an ill-conceived break with the Great Britain.
D. Helping the British would lessen the threat of French intervention in the areas just east of the Appalachian Mountain range.
GOAL TWO:
9. Which is an example of the concept of Manifest Destiny in action?
A. the Missouri Compromise
B. the annexation of Mexican territory
C. the Transatlantic Slave Trade
D. the Compromise of 1850
10. Why were James Fenimore Cooper’s novels The Last of the Mohicans and The Pathfinder considered the first “American” novels?
A. Cooper focused on themes of the frontier that were prominent in American culture.
B. Cooper imitated the formal style of European essays.
C. Cooper wrote on the current political themes of abolition and temperance.
D. Cooper used European attitudes and values to form his American themes.
11. How did the artists of the Hudson River school contributed to American nationalism?
A. By painting scenes of American soldiers in battle.
B. By sculpting statues of Americans hard at work in the new factories of the Northeast.
C. By creating impressionistic paintings of American frontier life.
D. By painting scenes depicting the natural beauty found in America.
12. Which Americans benefited most from the Tariff of 1816?
A. Farmers
B. Consumers
C. Manufacturers
D. Shipping companies
13. How did the Erie Canal impact the economy of New York and the Northeast?
A. It opened waterways to greater trade, thereby making New York more dependant on foreign products.
B. It enhanced western settlements by making it easier for people to move west.
C. It broadened markets by making it easier to ship products to other parts of the country.
D. It devastated the New York economy as people and industries left the city to migrate west.
14. Which statement best exemplifies America’s movement towards sectionalism during the early 1800s?
A. The passage of the 1828 Tariff of Abomination angered many Southerners who saw it as a Northern attempt to gain wealth at the expense of the South.
B. The Passage of the Compromise of 1840, which gave slaves virtual freedom while in free states, infuriated Southerners who felt their constitutional rights had been violated.
C. Passage of the Wilmot Proviso was seen as a blatant sectional attempt at Northern Congressional dominance at the expense of the South.
D. Passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was a Southern attempt at spreading slavery to the North in an effort to gain more congressional seats.
15. How did Henry Clay help foster nationalism during the Madison administration?
A. He and other War Hawks began to promote the so called “American Party” which called for the ouster of the Portuguese from American held territory.
B. As President Pro Tempore, he began promoting the “American System” and successfully ended the sectional debate over tariffs.
C. He used his status as Speaker of the House to promote the “American system” which helped create a more unified economy and promoted American self-reliance.
D. He was commissioned as U.S. Army colonel in 1816 and led his men into battle against the British under the rallying cry, “on to Canada!”
16. Which issue discussed at the Seneca Falls Convention (1848) was most important to the people in attendance?
A. Temperance
B. The Second Bank of the United States
C. Indian treaties
D. Women’s rights
17. How did the Second Great Awakening spur increased involvement in 19th century reform movements?
A. It sparked a revival of religion in the United States that led many to be active reformers based on moral conviction.
B. It alarmed social activists to the point that they felt compelled to take action to combat its effects.
C. It caused many in US society to see social causes to be of far greater importance than any religious belief.
D. It took attention away from the issue of slavery as reformers of the mid 1800s focused on temperance, education, and women’s issues.
GOAL THREE:
18. Why did Henry Clay propose what came to be known as the Compromise of 1850?
A. to avoid a civil war over the issue of slavery
B. to eliminate the practice of popular sovereignty
C. to provide stricter penalties for those who harbored fugitive slaves
D. to ensure that New Mexico and Utah would enter the Union as free states
19. What principle of states’ rights was upheld by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?
A. Tax exemption for farmers
B. Popular sovereignty
C. Open land assessment
D. Interstate commerce
20. Southern secession was most likely caused by what?
A. Northern leadership was angered over consistent Southern refusal to comply with tariff legislation and threatened military action.
B. The Republican Party openly advocated for the immediate emancipation of all slaves in the Southeast which would have caused financial disaster in the South.
C. The inability of James Crittenden to broker a comprise between the Northern and Southern leadership factions.
D. Southerners were outraged over Lincoln’s 1860 presidential victory which had happened without a single Republican electoral vote coming from the South.
1. Which statement most accurately explains why Lincoln decided to only send “food for hungry men” to Fort Sumter as opposed to reinforcing it militarily?
A. He wanted the Union to fire the first shots in the war.
B. He wished to treat the Confederacy as a legitimate nation.
C. He did not want to anger Republicans and slave states still in the Union.
D. He had decided to abandon Fort Sumter.
2. How did Sherman’s taking Atlanta greatly impact the 1864 election?
A. It allowed Lincoln to suspend the writ of habeas corpus in Georgia, thereby assuring that only Lincoln’s supporters went to the polls.
B. It inspired faith in military generals, thereby leading to General McClellan being nominated for the presidency.
C. It assured Northerners that victory was in sight, thereby increasing the popularity of Lincoln and allowing him to secure a second term.
D. It led to Lincoln’s defeat because he lost the support of southerners whom Sherman had abused.
3. Which action best illustrates President Andrew Johnson’s lack of commitment towards extending more civil rights to the Freedmen?
A. He allowed many high-ranking Confederates to vote without swearing allegiance to the United States.
B. He vetoed the Freedmen’s Bureau Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
C. He fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.
D. He supported a Reconstruction plan similar to President Lincoln’s plan.
4. Which statement best explains why Reconstruction ended?
A. Reconstruction policies were no longer needed when the Southern states rejoined the Union.
B. African Americans prospered financially.
C. Reconstruction was intended to be a short event that would end in 10 years.
D. Enforcement of Reconstruction Acts decreased because of political compromise.
25. What was significant about the Supreme Court’s decision in Texas v. White?
A. It established the right of African-Americans to be considered U.S. Citizens
B. It established the authority of the federal government over that of the states.
C. It overruled Congress’ decision to impeach Andrew Johnson.
D. It effectively ended Reconstruction.
GOAL FOUR:
26. Which best explains how Great Plains settlers adapted their building techniques in order to construct homes in an area largely barren of trees?
A. They constructed homes out of buffalo hides.
B. They dug into hillsides to make cave-like cabins.
C. They made houses from adobe bricks.
D. They used sod, soil matted with grass roots.
27. Who were the exodusters?
A. European immigrants who settled on the Great Plains
B. Plains Indians forced onto reservations in the 1800s
C. Former slaves from the South who settled on the Great Plains
D. Cowboys who worked long drives in the summer and odd jobs in the winter
28. Which Statement best describes how western expansion in the early-to mid-1800s impacted Native Americans living in the Southeast?
A. Many tribes chose to leave their homeland for the freedom of the western territories.
B. Most Native Americans were no longer crowded from their land by white settlers.
C. Native Americans were offered land of their own if they would help to settle the West.
D. Most Native Americans were removed from their homelands and relocated in what is now Oklahoma.
29. Which selection expresses the main idea of the Dawes Act?
A. It removed Indians from lands in Oklahoma to make room for white settlers.
B. It allowed Indians to return to their hunting grounds in the northern Great Plains.
C. It granted Indians self-government on the reservations.
D. It encouraged Indians to give up tribal membership and become American citizens.
30. Why did the Populist Party fail to unite poor Southern whites and African Americans against the wealthy elite?
A. The Populist Party was dominated by carpetbaggers.
B. The Populist Party never gained enough strength to attract large numbers of African-American voters.
C. The Populists could not overcome white fear of African-Americans power.
D. Whites’ were apathetic toward Populist campaigns.
31. “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”
—William Jennings Bryan, 1896
According to this excerpt, which idea did William Jennings Bryan promote?
A. Granger laws
B. diamond standard
C. socialism
D. bimetallism
32. Which innovation had the greatest impact on westward migration immediately after the Civil War?
A. telegraph
B. electricity
C. steam-powered boats
D. transcontinental railroad
GOAL FIVE
33. Which statement is best represented by the term “melting pot?”
A. Immigrants keeping their culture and customs.
B. Restriction of specific immigrant groups
C. Immigrants giving up their ethnic identities to create an American identity
D. Government placement of immigrants in established neighborhoods.
34. Why did many U.S. citizens resent immigrants and want to restrict immigration?
A. They feared that immigrants would not be willing to work hard and contribute to unemployment.
B. They believed that most immigrants migrated to the South and would contribute to the persecution of African-Americans
C. They believed immigrants would take their jobs and did not trust their strange customs.
D. Most U.S. citizens were Catholics and were suspicious of the Protestant beliefs immigrants brought with them.
35. Which philosophy did captains of industry, such as Carnegie and Rockefeller, tend to support?
A. Extensive government regulation of business.
B. The “Survival of the fittest” business model.
C. The unionization of workers.
D. Strict conservation of the nation’s natural resources.
36. How did industrial leaders accumulate wealth during the late 1800s?
A. by collective bargaining and forming unions
B. by creating monopolies and establishing trusts
C. by developing new farming techniques
D. by selling stock to employees
37. Which statement is most associated with the Haymarket Affair?
A. The Homestead Strike caused tempers to flare and resulted in violence.
B. The Boston Police Strike made it impossible to patrol the city which led to violence.
C. Events linked to striking McCormick Harvester plant employees led to violence.
D. Events associated with the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 led to violence.
38.
Which best completes the above diagram?
A. Arbitration
B. Litigation
C. Strike breaking
D. Court injunction
39. Which effect resulted from the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?
A. Hundreds of big businesses were broken into smaller ones.
B. Railroad rebates were made illegal.
C. Organization of labor unions became more difficult following the Civil War.
D. The Populist Party was broken up by the courts.
40. What impact did U.S. governmental policies have on business and industry during the late 1800s?
A. The U.S. government tried to control public and private utilities and transportation.
B. The U.S. government tried to limit and regulate industrial and business growth.
C. The U.S. government began to regulate some aspects of industry for the public good.