UNIT TWO: CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Section 6.1 Chemistry in Biology
Objectives 1-2
Review Vocabulary: Use your book or dictionary to define the term
substance.
______
New Vocabulary: Compare the terms in the table by defining them side
by side.
Atom:Nucleus: / Neutron:
Proton: / Electron:
Use your book to define the listed terms.
compound - ______
covalent bond - ______
______
element- ______
______
ion - ______
______
ionic bond - ______
isotope-______
molecule - ______
______
van der Waals force - ______
______
Now complete the paragraph below by using the vocabulary terms.
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances is a(n) ______. Carbon-14 is a(n) ______. It has a different number of neutrons than other Carbon atoms. A(n) ______
forms when two or more elements combine. The chemical bond that holds the elements together is a(n) ______when electrons are shared. A substance with this kind of bond is called a(n) ______. An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons becomes a(n) ______, which carries an electric charge. Two of these oppositely charged atoms can form an electrical attraction called a(n) ______. An attraction between oppositely charged regions of molecules is called(n) ______.
Main Idea – Atoms (Pages 148)
Model an oxygen atom and label the parts. Note the type of electric charge for each part.
The overall charge of the oxygen atom is
______. Because the atom ______
______
______
Main Idea – Elements (Pages 149-150)
Compare and contrast the characteristics of Carbon -14 by completing the following sentence.
Structurally, Carbon – 14 differs from other carbon atoms because it has ______
______.
Carbon – 14 is radioactive because ______
______. Knowing the half-life of Carbon – 14 enables scientists to ______.
Main Idea – Compounds (Pages 151)
Identify four unique characteristics of compounds.
Main Idea – Chemical Bonds (Pages 152-154)
Label the following parts of the water molecule illustrated below.
Hydrogen atom(s), oxygen atom(s), covalent bonds, 1st and 2nd energy levels
Compare positively and negatively charged ions.
(+) charged when it ______
Atoms become
(-) charged when it ______
Main Idea – van der Waals Forces (Pages 155)
Identify the type of substances held together by van der Waals forces. Include indicators of electric charges.
van der Waals
UNIT TWO: CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Section 6.2 Chemical Reaction
Objectives 3-4
Review Vocabulary: Use your book or dictionary to define the term
process.
______
New Vocabulary: Using your book, define the listed terms.
Activation energy - ______
______
active site - ______
catalyst - ______
______
chemical reaction - ______
______
enzyme - ______
______
product - ______
reactant - ______
substrate -______
Academic Vocabulary: Define coefficient to show its scientific meaning
______
Main Idea – Reactants and Products (Pages 156-157)
Label the sides of the following equation as either products or reactants.
______
CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H20
Calculate the number of atoms of each element in the chemical equation above. Record the information in the table below.
ElementSymbol / Element
Name / Number of Atoms
(reactants) / Number of Atoms
(products)
Analyze the formula to check to see if it is balanced. Support your reasons.
______
Main Idea – Energy of Reactions (Pages 157-158)
Compare what happens to energy in exothermic and endothermic reactions
Main Main Idea – Enzymes (Pages 159-160)
Summarize key characteristics of an enzyme by completing the organizer below.
Analyze how an enzyme works by completing the paragraph.
For a substance to bind with a particular enzyme, the ______and ______of the substrate must match that of an enzyme’s ______
______. In the enzyme substrate complex, chemical bond in the
______are broken and ______form. The results of the interaction between an enzyme and its ______are products, which are released by the ______.
Analyze the role of catalysts in chemical reactions.
______
UNIT TWO: CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Section 6.3 Water and Solutions
Objectives 5-7
Review Vocabulary: Use your book or dictionary to define the term
physical property.
______
New Vocabulary: Using your book, define the listed terms.
base - ______
acid - ______
solvent - ______
buffer - ______
______
pH - ______
solute - ______
hydrogen bond - ______
______
polar molecule - ______
______
solution - ______
mixture - ______
______
Main Idea – Water’s Polarity (Pages 161)
Analyze polarity by writing attract or repel to complete the diagram.
______
______
______
Analyze reasons for water’s polarity and the effect of polarity.
Polarity of WaterReasons for Polarity: / Effects of Polarity
Identify the properties of water that allow it to help an organism maintain homeostasis.
PROPERTY / DESCRIPTIONUniversal solvent
Adhesive
Polar
Cohesive
Main Idea – Mixtures with Water (Pages 163-165)
Identify the solvent and solute in a mixture of seawater.
Solvent : ______Solute: ______
Construct a model of acidic solutions and basic solutions by placing each of
the items below in the correct sequence on the scale.
- releases some hydrogen ions - releases some hydroxide ions
- releases many hydrogen ions - releases many hydroxide ions
- water
Summary: Analyze how water is important to life.
______
______
______
______
UNIT TWO: CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Section 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Objectives 8-9
Review Vocabulary: Use your book or dictionary to define the term
Organic compound.
______
New Vocabulary: Using your book, define the listed terms.
Amino acid - ______
______
carbohydrate-______
______
Lipid - ______
______
macromolecule - ______
______
nucleic acid - ______
______
nucleotide - ______
polymer- ______
______
______
Protein - ______
Main Idea – Organic Chemistry (Pages 166)
Contrast an organic compound to an inorganic compound
______
______
Model a carbon atom and label the parts: nucleus, electrons, 1st and 2nd energy levels.
Explain why a carbon atom can form so many organic compounds.
______
______
______
______
Main Idea – Macromolecules (Pages 167-171)
Compare the composition and function of four important macromolecules.
Group / Subunit / Function / ExampleCarbs
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic
Acids
Evaluate the number of molecules of each element in the carbohydrate described by the formula below.
(CH2O)6
Carbon:______Hydrogen: ______Oxygen: ______
Ratio of Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: ______
Type of carbohydrate:______
Describe nucleic acids by filling in the chart below.
Units that Make Up NucleotidesFunction of DNA: / Function of RNA:
Label the diagram below: Draw and label a diagram of RNA:
UNIT TWO: CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Section 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
Objectives 10-12
Review Vocabulary: Use your book or dictionary to define the term
organization.
______
New Vocabulary: Using your book, define the listed terms.
Cell - ______
Cell theory - ______
Eukaryotic cell - ______
______
______
nucleus - ______
organelle - ______
______
plasma membrane - ______
______
prokaryotic cell - ______
Main Idea – History of the Cell Theory (Pages 182-183)
Identify the 3 main ideas of the cell theory:
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
Main Idea – Microscope Technology (Pages 183-185)
Summarize the information about electron microscopes.
1. ______
2. ______
______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
Main Idea – Basic Cell Types (Pages 185-186)
Compare and Contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells by completing the Venn diagram.
- Bacteria - have membrane bound organelles
- contain organelles - multicellular organisms
- have loose strands of DNA - unicellular organisms
- have a nucleus - don’t have membrane bound organelles
UNIT TWO: CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Section 7.2 The Plasma Membrane
Objective 13
Review Vocabulary: Use your book or dictionary to define the term
Ion.
______
New Vocabulary: Using your book, define the listed terms.
Fluid mosaic model - ______
______
______
phospholipid bilayer - ______
______
______
selective permeability - ______
______
______
transport protein - ______
______
______
Main Idea – Function of the Plasma Membrane (Page 187)
Analyze what would happen if the cell membrane were not selectively permeable.
Identify five ways that the membrane can deal with materials.
Describe how the phospholipid functions to make up the fluid membrane.
Describe the functions of the different components of the plasma membrane.
PhopholipidsTransport molecules
Cholesterol
Receptors
Model the plasma membrane and include labels for the components listed above.
Discuss how the terms fluid and mosaic describe the plasma membrane.
Fluid: ______
______
Mosaic: ______
UNIT TWO: CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Section 7.3 Structure and Organelles
Objectives 14-15
Review Vocabulary: Use your book or dictionary to define the term
enzyme.
______
New Vocabulary: Using your book complete the following definitions and tables.
Main Idea – Cyctoplasm, Cytoskeleton and Cell Structures (Pages 191-199)
Compare and contrast each pair of terms by defining them and noting their differences.
Chloroplast / MitochondriaVacuole / Centriole
Cilium / Flagellum
Compare the cytoplasm and cytoskeleton by defining each term.
Cytoplasm / CytoskeletonComplete the tables by inserting the terms or by defining them:
cell wall cytoplasm golgi apparatus nucleolus
centriole cytoskeleton lysosome ribosome
chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria vacuole
NucleusNuclear envelope
Ribosome
Nucleolus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Storage compartment in a cell; usually a single, large structure in a plant and many small ones in animals
Converts fuel particles (sugars) into useable energy
Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis
Lysosome
Structure near the nucleus that functions during cell division in animal cells
Cell wall
Write each term in the table under the heading that best describes it:
cell wall cilium endoplasmic reticulum lysosome ribosome
centriole cytoplasm flagellum mitochondrion
chloroplast cytoskeleton glogi apparatus nucleolus vacuole
Cell Structure (5) / Related to Genetic Material (2) / Food, Storage, Waste (5) / Energy (2)XXXXXXXXX / XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX / XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX / XXXXXXXXX
Compare and Contrast the cell parts found in the following categories.
UNIT TWO: CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY AND CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Section 7.4 Cellular Transport
Objective 16
Review Vocabulary: Use your book or dictionary to define the term
homeostasis.
______
New Vocabulary: Using your book, define the listed terms.
endocytosis - ______
______
active transport - ______
______
diffusion - ______
______
hypertonic solution - ______
______
isotonic solution- ______
______
exocytosis - ______
______
osmosis - ______
______
facilitated diffusion- ______
______
dynamic equilibrium- ______
______
hypotonic solution- ______
______
Main Idea – Diffusion (Pages 201-202)
Describe the distribution of the drop of food coloring in the large graduated cylinder. How is this an example of diffusion?
______
______
______
______
Main Idea – Osmosis: Diffusion of Water (Pages 203-205)
Summarize the relationship between water and the plasma membrane by completing the concept map below.
Model a cell in hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution.
Solution is: ______
Cell is: ______
Results: ______
______
Main Idea – Active Transport and Transport of Large Particles (Pages 205-207)
Summarize the five ways particles move through the membrane.
Passive TransportSimple Diffusion / Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Transport of Large Particles
exocytosis / endocytosis