Intro. Documents Unit A, Studying People Scientifically

Table of Contents 10-11

Page # / Name of Document
Inside front cover / Science Reference Sheet (glue this on)
1 / Life Science Cover Page(Titled “Life Science”, Semester 1, first and last name, Class period, and 2+ color pictures)
2 / Classroom Rules/Syllabus
3 / Classroom Procedures (glue this on)
4 / Laboratory Safety Precautions (glue this on)
5 / How To Be Successful
6 / What to do when Absent (glue this on)
7 / Science Notebooks: What? When? Why? How? (glue this on)
For Absent Students-
PH page # or internet search topic
8 / Studying People Scientifically Title Page (Titled “Unit A: Studying People Scientifically and includes 2+ colored pictures that illustrate what we will be studying)
9 / Table of Contents (this sheet)
10 / Index Cards (blank page)
11-13 / Key Concepts (3 blank pages)
14-16 / Activity #1 (2 blank pages) / Pg 6 - 12 in PH
17-20 / Activity #2 (3 blank pages) / Pg 18-22 in PH
21-24 / Activity #3 (2 blank pages) / Search- Clinical Trials
25-27 / Activity #4 (2 blank pages) / Search- Use of controls in experiments
28-29 / Activity #5 (1 blank page) / Search- Scientific Variables
30-33 / Activity #8 (3 blank pages) / Pg 6-12 in PH
34-35 / Controlled Variables / Search- Variables in scientific experiments
36-42 / Activity #9 (2 blank pages) / Pg 18-22 in PH
43-46 / Activity #10 (2 blank pages) / Search- Good experimental design
47 / Graded Activity #2 Final Draft
48 / Graded Activity #9 Final Draft
49 / Unit A Crossword Puzzle
50 / Unit A Study Guide
Stapled to Cardboard Back Cover of Notebook / Vocabulary
My Table Group for Unit A
Name (1st and Last) / Phone # / Email

9

Activity #1: Save Fred!

Challenge Question: Initial Thoughts:

Evidence:

Procedure to save Fred that worked: (number your steps)

Problem solving model that most closely resembled ours: (write the steps out from the board or overhead)

Analysis Questions: (Answer in complete sentences by echoing the question in your answer on the next blank pages in your notebook.)
1. You can solve problems in many different ways. In fact, you may use more than one way to solve a single problem. You can
-develop a plan -make a list
-find a pattern -guess and test -construct a table or graph
-draw a picture or a diagram -work backward -simplify the problem
-act out the problem -write an equation -use objects to model the problem
What problem solving methods did you use (look at the list above for ideas)?
2. As a class, discuss the ways in which various groups of partners saved Fred. How were your problem-solving models similar? How were they different?
They were similar….. They were different…..
Summary:
1) Answer the challenge question again, make sure it is a new or expanded answer.
2.) Give data and/or examples from the lab or activity to help explain your answer.
Act #1 pg 1 of 1
1 / 4

a.What was the problem of pellagra?

b. What did people think caused pellagra?

1. 3.

2. 4.

c.What evidence did Dr. Goldberger observe or collect about pellagra?

d.What did Dr. Goldberger conclude about the cause of pellagra?

Analysis Questions:

1a. What was the first step in Dr. Goldberger’s research into pellagra? Explain why this step was important in developing his hypothesis.

1b. During this first step in his research, what evidence did Dr. Goldberger find that suggested that pellagra was not caused by germs?

3. Why didn’t people believe Dr. Goldberg’s conclusion about the cause of pellagra? Give two reasons.

4. Compare the steps of the traditional scientific method to the steps Dr. Goldberger followed to investigate pellagra. How were the steps the same? How were the steps different? Give examples from Goldberger’s work.

a. The steps of the traditional scientific method are….

b. When Dr. Goldberger investigated pellagra he started with a question. The question was

“What is causing Pellagra”? Then he….(identify each step that he used for his investigation. This will be a paragraph or more answer))

c. The steps that were similar between the scientific method and Dr. Goldberger’s investigation are…(Include all of the similarities)

d. The steps that were different between the scientific method and Dr. Goldberger’s investigation are… (Include all of the differences)

Summary:

1) Answer the challenge question again, make sure it is a new or expanded answer.

2.) Give data and/or examples from the lab or activity to help explain your answer.

Act #2 pg 1 of 1 17

Table #

Taste the yellow drink and describe how it tastes here:

Taste the pink drink and describe how it tastes here. Did the pink drink taste the same, better, or worse than the yellow drink?

Table 1: Results of Treatment
Same as yellow drink / Better than yellow drink / Worse than yellow drink
My response (show with an X)
My group’s response (show number of each)

My table got the medicine.

Table 2: Class results
Same / Better / Worse
Per / Control (placebo)
Treatment (medicine)
all periods combined / Control (placebo)
Treatment (medicine)

Look at this list below, put a check by any controlled variable and a star by a tested variable:

amount of drink given

the classroom environment

the pink drink with the medicine how the medicine affects you

Act #3 pg 1 of 2 21

Graph of class data

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Same / Better / Side
Effects / Same / Better / Side
Effects
Control Group
(Placebo) / Treatment Group
(Medicine)

Analysis Question:

2. a. What is a placebo?

b. Why is a placebo group included in clinical trials?

4. (In this activity, if a person finds that the medicine tastes better or worse, the headache is gone. Review the results of the simulation. Think about whether the medicine works and how often side effects occur.) What would you conclude about the safety and effectiveness of this medicine for treating headaches? Support your conclusion with evidence.

In conclusion…..

The evidence we have to support this conclusion is….

Summary:

1. Answer the challenge question again, make sure it is a new or expanded answer.

2. Give data and/or examples from the lab or activity to help explain your answer.

22 Act #3 pg 2 of 2

Activity #4 Testing Medicines: Scientifically

Challenge Question:

Initial Thoughts:

Evidence:

Write the answers to Stop to Think (STT) #1, 2a,2b,3a,3b,3c and 4 on page .

Analysis Questions:

2c. In Activity #3, how many people experienced the placebo effect? Explain how you know. (Use your data from Act #3 to explain your answer)

4. (Review the data shown below from a clinical trial of a cold medicine.)

Table 1: Clinical Trial of Cold Medicine

Feel the Same / Feel Better / Feel Worse / Tot al Number of People in
Group
Control Group
(Received Placebo) / 60 / 35 / 5 / 100
Treatment Group
(Received Medicine) / 10 / 80 / 10 / 100

a. Use the data from the table directly above to complete the table below to compare the number of people who feel better as a result of the medication vs. the placebo:

Number of people who feel better / Total number of people in group / Percent who feel better
Control Group
(Received Placebo)
Treatment Group
(Received Medicine)

Table 2: Analysis of Clinical Trial Data

b. Is the medicine effective in a high percentage of the population? Explain your answer. c. (Compare the percentage of people who feel worse in the placebo group vs. the percentage who feel worse in the treatment group.) What difference do you observe? What could explain this difference?

d. Would you conclude that this medicine is safe and effective for treating colds? Explain the evidence for your conclusion. (use numerical data)

Summary:

1. Answer the challenge question again, make sure it is a new or expanded answer.

2. Give data and/or examples from the lab or activity to help explain your answer.

Act #4 pg 1 of1 25

Activity #5 Can you feel the difference

Challenge Question:

Initial Thoughts:

Evidence:

Person being tested:


Observations:

Tested Variable: (also known as the variable) 1.) Controlled Variable (s):

1.)

2.)

3.)

4.)

5.)

6.)

7.)

8.)

9.)

10.)

Finger / Arm / Forearm
1 toothpick / 2 toothpicks / 1 toothpick / 2 toothpicks / 1 toothpick / 2 toothpicks
Trial 1 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2
Trial 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2
Trial 3 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2
Trial 4 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2
Trial 5 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2 / They felt
1 or 2
Total Correct
Most sensitive part / Arm / Palm / Forearm
Group total
Class total

How many student’s data was thrown out because of the controlled data results?

Analysis Questions:

4. Before scientists make comparisons, it is important they perform well-designed experiments. In a well-designed experiment, all of the variables, except the one being tested, are kept the same.

a.)In your experiment, what variables did you keep the same (controlled variables)?

b.) Were there any variables (except for the one being tested) that you could not keep the same?

5. A good experiment is reproducible, one you can do over and over again and get the same result. What parts of this experiment are reproducible?

Summary:

1. Answer the challenge question again, make sure it is a new or expanded answer.

2. Give data and/or examples from the lab or activity to help explain your answer.

28

Act #5 pg 1 of 1

Activity #8 Studying People

Challenge Question:

Initial Thoughts:

Evidence:

Answer STT #1,2,3,4,5a, and 5b on page .

Imagine conducting a clinical trial of a headache medicine. Based on your research, you hypothesize that the medicine will successfully treat headaches in people. Before the Food and drug Administration (FDA) will approve your study, you must explain the type of data you will collect to test your hypothesis.

a. List at least three kinds of qualitative data in the table below that you will collect. HINT: Think about what information you would collect from the volunteers and what information you would collect about the medicine in order to determine the safety and effectiveness of the medicine.

b. List at least three kinds of quantitative data in the table below that you will collect. HINT: Think about what information you would collect about the medicine in order to determine the safety and effectiveness of the medicine.

Qualitative Data / Quantitative data
Definition:
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4. / Definition:
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Analysis:
1.You decide to take a medicine for your upset stomach. You have a choice of two medicines. Both medicines are advertised as safe based on clinical trials. Medicine A was tested on 100 people. Medicine B was tested on 10,000 people.
a. Which medicine would you take? Explain. Support your answer with evidence. b. Was your decision based on qualitative or quantitative information?
Summary:
1. Answer the challenge question again, make sure it is a new or expanded answer.
2. Give data and/or examples from the lab or activity to help explain your answer.
Act #8 pg of 1 of 1
30

Activity: Variables

Controlled Variable Definition:

Tested Variables Definition:

Examples

1. When Dr. Goldberger investigated Pellagra, he conducted an experiment on a group of prisoners to see if he could give them Pellagra by feeding them a nutrient-poor diet and then comparing their health to the general prisoner population.

List at least 4 controlled variables that he included to make sure that his experiment had good experimental design.

a. b. c. d.

What was the tested variable?

2. Savannah and Madison would like to know how fast scented candles burn compared to nonscented. They plan to start burn several candles of each type at the same time and will measure how long each candle burns in minutes. List at least 3 controlled variable to make this an experiment have good experimental design.

a. b. c. d.

What was the tested variable?

3. Connor and Michael would like to know who listens to music the most: teenagers or their parents. Circle one(or more) of the following that would be an example of a controlled variable.

a. The groups receiving the survey: teenagers or parents b. The amount of time each group listens to music

c. Ask the question in exactly the same way to each individual

4. Jason and Alex wonder if bicycles with fenders keep the rider dry when riding through a puddle. They plan to have 4 bikes in their experiment, two with fenders and two without. They are going to have the same rider travel through a puddle of water and check to see if the rider got wet.