Tiempos Verbales (Tenses)

Tiempos verbales (Tenses)

SIMPLES.

PRESENT

I, we, you, they / subject + 1 / 1 / 2 / 3
he, she, it / subject + 1 > s / go / went / gone
Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative
I go / I don't go / Do I go?
You go / You don't go / Do you go?
He goes / He doesn't go / Does he go?
She goes / She doesn't go / Does she go?
It goes / It doesn't go / Does it go?
We go / We don't go / Do we go?
You go / You don't go / Do you go?
They go / They don't go / Do they go?
Affirmative / subject + 1 > "s" (he, she, it)
I go to New York - Voy a New York
He goes to New York - El va a New York
Negative / subject + don't / doesn't + 1
I don't go to New York - No voy a New York
He doesn't go to New York - El no va a New York
Interrogative / Do / Does + subject + 1 ?
Do I go to New York? - ¿Voy a New York?
Does he go to New York? - ¿Va él a New York?
usos del presente simple
Acciones habituales (estilos de vida, hábitos, rutina diaria).
Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. Lucas se levanta a las nueve.
Paul and I do a lot of things every day. Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a diario.
Hechos o verdades generales.
The sun sets in the west. El sol se pone por el oeste.
The Earth goes around the sun. La Tierra gira alrededor del sol.
Situaciones permanentes.
Maria lives in Buenos Aires. María vive en Buenos Aires.
It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton. Cuesta mucho dinero alojarse en el Hilton.
Primer Condicional.
If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, ésta se derrite.
Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda.
expresiones usuales del presente simple
often - generally - usually - always - never
every day - every week - every month - every year - sometimes

PAST

subject + 2 / 1 / 2 / 3
go / went / gone
Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative
I went / I didn't go / Did I go?
You went / You didn't go / Did you go?
He went / He didn't go / Did he go?
She went / She didn't go / Did she go?
It went / It didn't go / Did it go?
We went / We didn't go / Did we go?
You went / You didn't go / Did you go?
They went / They didn't go / Did they go?
Affirmative / subject + 2
I went to New York - Fui a New York
He went to New York - El fue a New York
Negative / subject + didn't + 1
I didn't go to New York - No fui a New York
He didn't go to New York - El no fue a New York
Interrogative / Did + subject + 1?
Did I go to New York? - ¿Fui a New York?
Did he go to New York? - ¿Fue él a New York?
usos del pasado simple
Acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en determinado momento
y que ya han finalizado.
My parents didn't work last week. Mis padres no trabajaron la semana pasada.
Lina worked in a bank from 1995 to 2002. Lina trabajó en un banco desde 1995 a 2002.
Hechos pasados expresados en secuencia.
Sheila got up at 7 am, had breakfast, took a shower and went to work at 9 am.
Sheila se levantó a las 7, desayunó, se duchó y fue a trabajar a las 9.
expresiones usuales del pasado simple
yesterday - last night - before - ago - in 2002
on their vacation - last weekend - last month - last

PRESENT PERFECT

subject + have / has + 3 / 1 / 2 / 3
go / went / gone
Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative
I have gone / I haven't gone / Have I gone?
You have gone / You haven't gone / Have you gone?
He has gone / He hasn't gone / Has he gone?
She has gone / She hasn't gone / Has she gone?
It has gone / It hasn't gone / Has it gone?
We have gone / We haven't gone / Have we gone?
You have gone / You haven't gone / Have you gone?
They have gone / They haven't gone / Have they gone?
Affirmative / subject + have / has + 3
I have gone to New York - He ido a New York
He has gone to New York - El ha ido a New York
Negative / subject + haven't / hasn't + 3
I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New York
He hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New York
Interrogative / Have / Has + subject + 3 ?
Have I gone to New York? - ¿He ido a New York?
Has he gone to New York? - ¿Ha ido él a New York?
usos del presente perfecto simple
Por regla general, se lo utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado
y que aún no han finalizado o que guardan alguna relación con el presente.
Con el adverbio just: acciones que acaban de ocurrir.
The President has just arrived from the US. El Presidente acaba de llegar desde EEUU.
They both have just left for Bogota. Ambos acaban de partir para Bogotá.
Con las preposiciones for y since.
We have lived in Italy for three years. Hemos vivido en Italia durante tres años.
I haven't heard from you since 1990!! ¡¡No he tenido noticias tuyas desde 1990!!
Con los adverbios yet y already.
They haven't taken the Basic Exam yet. No han rendido el Examen Básico aún.
I have already taken the Intermediate Exam. Ya he rendido el Examen Intermedio.
Con el grado superlativo de un adjetivo.
OM Smiles is one of the funniest section in OM Personal.
OM Smiles es una de las secciones más divertidas de OM Personal.
Con las expresiones: It's the first, It's the second, etc.
It's the first time I have flown United. Es la primera vez que vuelo por United.
It's the second time she has had lunch today. Es la segunda vez que almuerza hoy.
expresiones usuales del presente perfecto simple
since - for - just - ago - lately
yet - already - never - ever - recently

PAST PERFECT

subject + had + 3 / 1 / 2 / 3
go / went / gone
Negative / Affirmative / Interrogative
I hadn't gone / I had gone / Had I gone?
You hadn't gone / You had gone / Had you gone?
He hadn't gone / He had gone / Had he gone?
She hadn't gone / She had gone / Had she gone?
It hadn't gone / It had gone / Had it gone?
We hadn't gone / We had gone / Had we gone?
You hadn't gone / You had gone / Had you gone?
They hadn't gone / They had gone / Had they gone ?
Affirmative / subject + had + 3
I had gone to New York - Yo había ido a New York
He had gone to New York - El había a New York
Negative / subject + hadn't + 3
I hadn't gone to New York - Yo no había ido a New York
He hadn't gone to New York - El no había ido a New York
Interrogative / Had + subject + 3?
Had I gone to New York? - ¿Había ido yo a New York?
Had he gone to New York? - ¿Había ido él a New York?
usos del pasado perfecto simple
Acción del pasado que tuvo lugar antes que otra.
Her plane had already left when Thelma arrived at the airport.
Su vuelo ya había partido cuando Thelma llegó al aeropuerto.
Con el adverbio just para expresar una acción que acaba de ocurrir.
When Oliver phoned, the kids had just gone to bed.
Cuando Oliver llamó por teléfono, los niños acababan de acostarse.
Tercer Condicional.
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.
Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habría ido a ver.

FUTURE

subject + will + 1 / 1 / 2 / 3
go / went / gone
Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative
I will go / I won't go / Will I go?
You will go / You won't go / Will you go?
He will go / He won't go / Will he go?
She will go / She won't go / Will she go?
It will go / It won't go / Will it go?
We will go / We won't go / Will we go?
You will go / You won't go / Will you go?
They will go / They won't go / Will they go?
Affirmative / subject + will + 1
I will go to New York - Iré a New York
He will go to New York - El irá a New York
Negative / subject + won't (will not) + 1
I won't go to New York - No iré a New York
He won't go to New York - El no irá a New York
Interrogative / Will + subject + 1 ?
Will I go to New York ? - ¿Iré a New York?
Will he go to New York ? - ¿Irá él a New York?
usos del futuro simple
Acciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro.
I will play tennis tomorrow. Jugaré tenis mañana.
OM Personal will be six in 2005. OM Personal cumplirá seis años en el 2005.
Predicción en el futuro.
It will snow tomorrow. Nevará mañana.
Promesas.
"Every Argentinian will have a job in this blessed country." (Carlos Menem)
"Todo Argentino tendrá un puesto de trabajo en este bendito país." (Carlos Menem)
Ofrecimientos.
I will stay with you all night if you really need it.
Me quedaré contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas.
Suele utilizarse el auxiliar shall (o su contracción 'll) para el futuro de la primera persona del singular y del plural.
We shall go to the movies=We will go to the movies
We'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine.
expresiones usuales del futuro simple
tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010
next Monday - next week - next month - next year
Simple Future Perfect
subject + will have + 3 / 1 / 2 / 3
go / went / gone
Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative
I will have gone / I will not have gone / Will I have gone ?
You will have gone / You will not have gone / Will you have gone ?
He will have gone / He will not have gone / Will he have gone ?
She will have gone / She will not have gone / Will she have gone ?
It will have gone / It will not have gone / Will it have gone ?
We will have gone / We will not have gone / Will we have gone ?
You will have gone / You will not have gone / Will you have gone ?
They will have gone / They will not have gone / Will they have gone ?
NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: WILL NOT = WON'T
Affirmative / subject + will have + 3
I will have gone to New York - Habré ido a New York
He will have gone to New York - El habrá ido a New York
Negative / subject + won't have + 3
I won't have gone to New York - No habré ido a New York
He won't have gone to New York - El no habrá ido a New York
Interrogative / Will + subject + have + 3 ?
Will I have gone to New York? - ¿Habré ido a New York?
Will he have gone to New York? - ¿Habrá ido él a New York?
usos del futuro perfecto
Acciones que ya se están desarrollando o que se van a desarrollar en el futuro, pero que cuando llegue ese momento futuro que se menciona la acción ya habrá finalizado.
By tomorrow I will have finished my book.
Para mañana, habré terminado este libro.
Before winter, you will have sold your old car.
Antes del invierno, habrás vendido tu antiguo automóvil.
Before we arrive home, Mom will have prepared our breakfast.
Antes de que lleguemos a casa, mamá habrá preparado nuestro desayuno.
We will not have finished these reports by 7 pm!!
¡¡No habremos finalizado estos informes para las 7 de la tarde!!
expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto
by 10 pm - by Monday - by tomorrow - by 2010
by next week - by next month - by next year

CONDITIONAL

subject + would + 1 / 1 / 2 / 3
go / went / gone
Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative
I would go / I wouldn't go / Would I go?
You would go / You wouldn't go / Would you go?
He would go / He wouldn't go / Would he go?
She would go / She wouldn't go / Would she go?
It would go / It wouldn't go / Would it go?
We would go / We wouldn't go / Would we go?
You would go / You wouldn't go / Would you go?
They would go / They wouldn't go / Would they go?
Affirmative / subject + would + 1
I would go to New York - Yo iría a New York
He would go to New York - El iría a New York
Negative / subject + wouldn't + 1
I wouldn't go to New York - Yo no iría a New York
He wouldn't go to New York - El no iría a New York
Interrogative / Would + subject + 1 ?
Would I go to New York ? - ¿Iría yo a New York?
Would he go to New York ? - ¿Iría él a New York?
usos del condicional simple
Comentarios acerca de algo que no es real en el presente pero
que puede ser posible.
I would visit her if I had time. (I haven't got time but I might have some time)
Yo la visitaría si tuviese tiempo. (Realmente no tengo tiempo pero podría tenerlo)
Comentarios acerca de una situación que no es real en estos momentos y que nunca podría serlo.
If I were you, I would give up smoking. (but I could never be you).
Si estuviera en tu lugar, dejaría el cigarrillo. (pero nunca podría estar en tu lugar)
Segundo Condicional (Condicional tipo II).
If I were a plant, I would love the rain.
Si fuera un árbol, me encantaría la lluvia.
If you really loved me, you would buy me a Mercedes XL600.
Si realmente me amaras, me comprarías un Mercedes XL600.
Would your father go to see the match if I gave him a free ticket?
¿Iría tu padre a ver el partido si le diese una entrada gratis?
expresiones usuales del condicional simple
If I were ... - If she were ...

CONDITIONAL PERFECT

subject + would have + 3 / 1 / 2 / 3
go / went / gone
Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative
I would have gone / I wouldn't have gone / Would I have gone ?
You would have gone / You wouldn't have gone / Would you have gone ?
He would have gone / He wouldn't have gone / Would he have gone ?
She would have gone / She wouldn't have gone / Would she have gone ?
It would have gone / It wouldn't have gone / Would it have gone ?
We would have gone / We wouldn't have gone / Would we have gone ?
You would have gone / You wouldn't have gone / Would you have gone ?
They would have gone / They wouldn't have gone / Would they have gone ?
Affirmative / subject + would have + 3