1
PHYSIOLOGY FOR THE EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES Quiz 7 Page
The Respiratory System
Type the question and your answer, in complete sentences, on a separate sheet of paper. Turn in your answers to the Lab Instructor.
1) One of the basic tenants of physiology is that function of a system follows its structure. Describe the anatomy of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract, including how those structures contribute to the function of the lungs.
2) One of the basic tenants of physiology is that function of a system follows its structure. Describe the anatomy of the respiratory zone of the respiratory tract, including how that structure contributes to function.
3) Pressure is the driving force for the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Describe the structure of the thoracic cavity and how that structure is involved in creating the pressures that are important for the movement of air into the lungs.
4) The generation of the pressure responsible for the movement of air involves Boyle's Law. Describe how Boyle's Law is involved in pressure development in the lungs, and how that determines inspiration and expiration.
5) Pressure is the driving force for the movement of air into and out of the lungs. However, the development of pressure and the movement of air is modified by the compliance of the lungs. Describe how lung compliance can alter the movement of air into the lungs.
6) The air that we breathe is composed of three essential gases that include nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor. Describe the physical properties that govern the diffusion of gases, including partial pressure and gas solubility.
7) The exchange of gases occurs primarily within the lungs and tissues. Describe the nature of the movement of gases in the lungs (including how the partial pressures of alveolar gases are determined) and tissues.
8) The solubility of oxygen in solution is relatively low, necessitating the presence of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to active tissues. Hemoglobin exhibits several unique characteristics that make it well suited for the transport of oxygen. Describe the structure of hemoglobin and the mechanisms that can alter the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
9) The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen can be altered to enhance the loading or unloading of oxygen. Describe the changes in active muscle that facilitate the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin (and the mechanisms by which oxygen binding to hemoglobin is altered by these changes).
10) The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen can be altered to enhance the loading or unloading of oxygen. Describe the changes within the lungs that facilitate the loading of oxygen onto the hemoglobin (and the mechanisms by which oxygen binding to hemoglobin is altered by these changes).
11) While carbon dioxide is more soluble in solution than oxygen, the amount of carbon dioxide produced by active cells is much greater than can dissolve in solution. Describe the mechanisms by which carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs with particular emphasis on carbon dioxide's binding to hemoglobin and its conversion to bicarbonate.
12) A majority of the control of ventilation resides within the central nervous system. Identify the regions of the brain that are important in the regulation of ventilation and how each of them functions in the control of ventilation.
13) In the discussion of respiration, hydrogen ions were shown to be important in many aspects of ventilation. Thus, the respiratory system plays an important role in the regulation of acid-base balance. Describe the role of the respiratory system in the maintenance of acid-base balance.
MICHELLE A CLEARY PhD, ATC