Round 6

Tossups

1. One character in this play notes that "when we are sick in fortune, we make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon, and the stars," as if he's a villain by necessity. That character later duels with one whose "name is lost," and gives an order that cannot be revoked by the play's end. Another character talks to one he calls a philosopher, though that "philosopher" later defends his father against Oswald after leading him to a cliff. During a rainstorm, the protagonist protests that he's "a man more sinned against than sinning," and later bemoans the loss of his fool, who calls himself his "shadow." A kingdom divided between Albany and Cornwall forms the basis of, for ten points, this play about the father of Goneril and Regan, written, by Shakespeare.

ANSWER: King Lear

2. According to Pausanias’ Description of Greece, this slayer of the giant Eurytus was the first to cross the Euphrates and invade India. Events perpetrated during the festival of this god include the capture of Phialeia by former exiles, the capture of Smyrna by Colophonian exiles, and the killing of Clearchus, the tyrant of Heracleia. Herodotus claims this god and Zeus were the only gods worshiped in Meroe, and he was associated with Osiris in Egypt. The Homeric Hymn to this god claims he was born on Mount Nysa in Phoenicia, springing from his father’s thigh after his mother had foolishly asked to see his father in all his glory. This god granted the ill-conceived Midas touch, and it was for this god that Hestia gave up her seat on Olympus. For ten points, name this Greek god of wine.

ANSWER: Dionysus

3. A Miguel de Unamuno work begins with an essay describing a group’s unsuccessful quest for this man’s tomb; the work draws parallels between him and Christ, and ultimately he claims “I know who I want to be.” “Madame Bovary is [this man] in skirts” according to Ortega y Gasset, whose first major work was a “Meditation” on the book in which this character appears. This character’s history was written by the Arab Cide Hamete Benegeli according to the ninth chapter of Part One, which along with that part’s thirty-eighth chapter were the only two chapters completed by Pierre Menard in a Borges short story. For ten points, name this character faithfully accompanied by his horse Rocinante and squire Sancho Panza, the title character of a Cervantes work.

ANSWER: Don Quixote de la Mancha

4. This man half-jokingly suggested that he would teach his wife to read Amadis de Gaul instead of the Bible, and later wives included the runaway nun Charlotte de Bourbon and a daughter of Admiral Coligny. Among this man’s co-conspirators was Floris de Montmercy, who was executed before Anne of Austria could ask her husband to spare him. This man offered the kingship of his country to Francis, Duc d’Alen?on et d’Anjou, after a series of victories by Alessandro Farnese forced him to turn to France for support. This man was assassinated by Balthasar Gerard in 1584, before the liberation of his nation was complete. For 10 points, identify this Dutch freedom fighter, whose heirs were Stadtholders of the United Provinces and whose great-grandson of the same name ruled England with his wife Mary II.

ANSWER: William I, Prince of Orange; or William the Silent

5. A character in this film chugs down a beer while driving, and has a wet face when a police car drives by. Norma Watson exchanged fake ballots for the real ones after the protagonists decide that false modesty can "go to the devil," and instead vote for themselves. One character notes that "sin never dies," and in an effort to stab the titular character, gets crucified by kitchen utensils. But her house burns down anyways, so that only a "for sale" sign remains. Sue Snell gets her boyfriend Tommy Ross to go to the prom to a shy girl who recently had her period, but the dumping of blood on her caused her to go nuts, and telekinetically kill everyone at school. For ten points, name this Brian De Palma film starring Sissy Spacek.

ANSWER: Carrie

6. The Washington Post's Edward McLean lied to Congress about this affair, and Owen Roberts was special counsel for the prosecution. Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby was cleared of all charges despite signing the releases, and Harlan Fiske Stone reformed the justice department following it. Edward L. Doheny of Pan American Petrol was granted the Buena Vista and Elk Hills reserves in California, while Harry F. Sinclair of Mammoth Oil received rights to reserves at Caspar, Wyoming. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall went to prison for receiving no-interest loans and gifts for leasing, for ten points, the titular oil reserves in this scandal of the Harding presidency.

ANSWER: Teapot Dome scandal

7. He gave the example of a chicken which comes to expect a never-ending source of food as it is fattened up only to one day then be slaughtered in a work which refuted inductive reasoning as a source of absolute certainty. In another of his works, he regards one of the titular activities as a Catholic practice designed to prevent incest, leading to his expulsion from a teaching post. In addition to The Problem of Philosophy and Marriage and Morals, he wrote The Scientific Outlook and delivered the “Man’s Peril” broadcast on BBC. Jean-Paul Sartre attended his tribunal, where he exposed American atrocities in Vietnam, years after his winning the Nobel prize in 1950 for literature. His most famous work developed the theory of types in mathematical logic. For ten points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica along with Alfred North Whitehead.

ANSWER: Bertrand Russell

8. One character in this work claims that Napoleon appointed him as a page boy, and steals money from Ledediev to give to his mistress before having a crisis of conscience and putting it back. That character's son is friends with Ptitsyn, a money-lender who marries Varya Ivolgin. Burdovsky claims that he's the son of Pavlishchev, and demands inheritance money from the protagonist, who is forced to choose between the romantic Aglaya Yepanchin and the eccentric Nastassya Filippovna. Beginning with a trip to St. Petersburg in which the protagonist meets Parfyon Rogozhin, for ten points, name this novel about the epileptic Prince Myshkin, by Dostoyevsky.

ANSWER: The Idiot

9. The quantum Hall effect provides an accurate measure of the ratio of Planck's constant to the square of this quantity, while the Josephson constant is the inverse of the magnetic flux quantum and is given by twice this quantity over Planck's constant. Robert Laughlin predicted the existence of quasi-particles possessing fractional amounts of this quantity, which is also possessed fractionally by quarks, while Dirac postulated that the existence of magnetic monopoles would lead to its quantization. First measured through the application of Stokes' law by Robert Millikan, FTP, identify this quantity equal to 1.6 times 10 to the minus 19 Coulombs.

ANSWER: electron charge or fundamental charge (accept logical equivalents)

10. One of his paintings shows a man on horseback handing a green cloak to a semi-naked man on his right. Another of his paintings shows people in blue, green, yellow, and red falling over as Christ appears with a white flag. Both St. Martin and the Beggar and Resurrection are results after his move away from Madrid, where his Adoration of the Holy Name of Jesus and Triumph of the Holy League were rejected for El Escorial. Late works like Opening of the Fifth Seal and a shadowy version of Laocoon under blue skies retain the dynamics of his work depicting two saints in gold entombing Gonzalo Ruiz. For ten points, name this painter of The Burial of Count Orgaz, originally from Greece.

ANSWER: El Greco; or Domenikos Theotokopoulus

11. An angel in the form of a man appears to this man’s mother, encouraging abstention for both mother and son of all unclean things. A second angel appears before his birth with a similar message, this time disappearing into the flame of a burnt offering. He went crazy at Lehi, and killed 1000 men with the jawbone of an ass, and once hid in a cave in the rock of Etam. His birth to Manoah at Zorah comes with a promise from God that he will deliver the Israelites from the hands of the Philistines, but this does not come to pass because of his falling in love with a woman from Timnah. For ten points, name this Biblical Hebrew, the last of the Judges whose power was linked to his unshaven hair, which was finally removed thanks to his lover Delilah.

ANSWER: Samson

12. One type of these molecules act through the F-box protein TIR1, and they are most commonly synthesized from tryptophan by the actions of a nitrilase and cytochrome P450. Quercetin can be used to inhibit its polar transport from shoot tips, and it can also activate proton pumps in the cell wall, leading to activation of expansins; this is known as the acid growth hypothesis. They were first isolated by Fritz Went using blocks of agar, and uneven distributions of it in the shoot tip lead to phototropism. Indole-3-Acetic Acid is the most common type of, FTP, this class of plant hormone that works in concert with cytokinins and gibberellins, and is responsible for growth and apical dominance.

ANSWER: Auxin

13. Miyaoka falsely proved the Bogomolov-Miyaoka-Yau Inequality in 1988, which would have held this statement true for large exponents. Vandiver's criteria decides whether it is satisfied by an irregular prime, while Germain showed that it holds for odd prime "p" if "2p + 1" is prime. Ken Ribet showed that proof of the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture could prove it, and the replacement of elliptical curves by Galois representations was used by Andrew Wiles complete its proof in 1995. FTP, name this theorem which states that the sum of "x to the nth power" and "y to the nth power" has no integral solutions to equal "z to the nth power" for "n" greater than 2, the final theorem by its namesake Frenchman.

ANSWER: Fermat's Last Theorem

14. She wrote of one "whose broken window is a cry of art" who exclaims "it was you who threw away my name, and this is everything I have for me," in "Boy Breaking Glass." Her "Number Five" is a dreamer who thinks "of lukewarm water, hope to get in it" in a poem about "things of dry hours and the involuntary plan," "Kitchenette Building." The ballads of Pearl May Lee and Chocolate Mabbie make up one of her collections, which also includes "Obituary for a Living Lady" and a part about black soldiers in World War II, "Gay Chaps at the Bar." Those who "left school" and "die soon" figure in her "We Real Cool," while "Sundays of Satin-Legs Smith" and "Negro Hero" belong to her A Street in Bronzeville. For ten points, name this poet of Annie Allen, which gave her the first Pulitzer prize for an African American woman.

ANSWER: Gwendolyn Brooks

15. One of its rulers supposedly gained the throne after climbing in through an open palace window and declaring himself sultan. That man sent two separate telegrams attempting to enter diplomatic relations with another country, but neither was delivered by an American ambassador, leading to a battle in which its only warship, the H.H.S. Glasgow, was destroyed. It would later see a bloody revolution led by John Okello that established Sheik Abied Karume as its leader after only one month of independence. It reached its highest point under Said the Great, and lowest point when it lost the shortest war in history to Great Britain. For ten points, identify this formerly independent country that in 1964 merged with Tanganyika to form Tanzania.

ANSWER: Zanzibar

16. One of his works contains a section that begins with high register muted violins, followed by a soprano voice singing of the mask of a face reflected on the water. That section, along with settings of “Malaguena,” “The Suicide,” and “Zaporozhye Cossacks Reply to the Sultan of Constantinople,” are found in a work he dedicated to Benjamin Britten. His works often included his personal motif, a sequence of D, E flat, C, and B; and his Waltz II from the Suite for Variety Stage Orchestra was featured in Stanley Kubrick’s Eyes Wide Shut. The aforementioned “The Poet’s Death” was a setting of a Rilke poem in a work that followed other symphonies nicknamed “May Day,” “1905,” and “1917.” Attacked in the Pravda by a Stalinist campaign, for ten points, name this composer who set Nikolay Leskov’s novel into the opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk, and wrote the Babi Yar and Leningrad symphonies.

ANSWER: Dmitri Shostakovich

17. A recent article by Manning, Levine, and Collins questions the assumptions behind the study that first showed this effect. Among the props used in that study was a case of beer; another experiment in that study used a male pre-med student as a confederate. Among the findings of that Latane and Darley study were that 90% of subjects refused to exit a smoky room when two confederates ignored the smoke; 31% of subjects reported a seizure when they thought there were four other people around to do it; and nobody reported a lady falling and moaning about a hurt leg. First inspired by the murder of Kitty Genovese in the presence of apparently 38 possible witnesses, for ten points, identify this effect in which people stand around and assume someone else is going to do something about an emergency.

ANSWER: bystander effect; accept “Genovese syndrome” before “Genovese” is mentioned

18. A variation of it called the Warton reaction uses the same reagents but only applies to alpha-beta epoxycarbonyl compounds. Parquet and Lin developed a microwave-assisted version of this reaction, and Cram and Sahyun showed that along with the Cope elimination, this procedure is greatly sped up if performed in DMSO. The original version uses sealed tubes at very high temperature, but a one-pot version that mixes all of the reactants in ethylene glycol was developed by Huang and Minlon. Driven by the formation of nitrogen gas and complementary to the Clemmensen reduction, FTP, name this reduction that uses hydrazine to transform a carbonyl into an alkane, named for a Russian and a German.