The Civil War - The Goals of War Change (Chapter 11, Section 2)
Purpose for Fighting the War
• President Lincoln: “Save the Union!”
• Radical Republicans in Congress: “Abolition of Slavery!”
Lincoln Changes His Mind
WHY?
· Bloody fighting made many Northerners want to hurt the South as much as possible (Especially following the Battle of Antietam - September 1862)
· Slavery helped the Southern war effort
· Slavery was a crucial issue on the Union’s diplomatic front with Britain
Emancipation Proclamation is Passed (Jan 1863)
• Prohibited slavery in areas behind Confederate lines
• It did not apply to slave states that remained loyal to the Union or Confederate territories occupied by Union forces.
Effects of Proclamation
• Civil War - became a fight for freedom and unity
• Union gained public support in Britain.
• Encouraged the recruitment of Black soldiers (Example: 54th Massachusetts Regiment)
Effects of the Civil War (Chapter 11, Section 3)
Political Effects
North• Draft
– 1863 (Ages: 20-45)
• Could hire substitutes
• Bounties were offered
– Cash payments for volunteers / South
• Draft
– 1862 (Ages: 18-35)
– 1864 (Ages: 17-50)
• Could hire substitutes
• Exempt: Had > 20 slaves
Economic Effects
North• Increased need for industry
• Wages did not keep up with prices
• Replacement of workers with free Blacks, immigrants, women and children
• Income Tax (1863-1872) / South
• Food Shortages
• Loss of slaves
• Slave resistance
• Food costs rose
– (1861): $6.65 for food/month
– (1863): $68 for food/month
• Smuggling of goods North
Other Effects (Negative)
Poor prison conditions
– Example: Andersonville (Confederate Prison) - held 33,000 prisoners but prison was only 26 acres
– 15% of Union soldiers in Confederate custody died during the war
– 12% of Confederate soldiers in Union custody died during the war
Other Effects (Positive)
• People worked to improve conditions for soldiers
– Dorothea Dix
– Clara Barton – American Red Cross