Study Guide for Biology B Final
Evolution:
1) What is natural selection? Who created the theory? What and where did he study?
2) What is Darwinian fitness? How does it relate to survival?
3) What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?
4) How does variation (being different) affect survival rate?
5) What is phenotype? Genotype?
6) In what type of material are fossils found? Where are the youngest? What causes fossils not to form?
7) What are the two definitions for evolution?
8) What is radioactive dating used for?
Ecology:
9) What is ecology? What is a population?
10) What are the two types of population growth? What is carrying capacity?
11) Know the parts of the food web and their titles. Be able to explain different organisms that fall into these categories.
12) What is the energy pyramid? The Rule of 10? What happens as you travel up the energy pyramid?
13) What is a nonnative species? (Hint: Think of the Cane Toad Movie)
14) What are the steps to the water cycle? The nitrogen cycle? What are the different forms of nitrogen on the Earth?
15) How do the carbon cycle and oxygen cycle overlap?
Human Physiology:
16) Know the basic structure of a neuron. What are the steps to a nerve impulse? Where does the impulse start? End?
17) What are the elements involved in the nerve impulse? (There are 3 main ones)
18) In muscle contraction, what forms cross bridges to make the muscle cell overlap?
19) What does a muscle cell use for energy in contraction?
20) How does a piece of food travel in the body? Where does it start? End?
21) What is the importance of enzymes in the human digestive system? Where are they found?
22) Where is food absorbed in the human body?
23) What is the path that oxygen takes in the human body? What is the importance of the bronchi and alveoli?
24) Why do we have capillaries in our alveoli?
25) What is the difference between a nonspecific and a specific defense? Give examples of each.
26) What is the difference between a pathogen and an antigen?
27) What are the functions of a B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte (both helper and killer) and a macrophage?
28) How does the AIDS virus work? What does it attack? Why is it so harmful?
29) What is in blood?
30) What are the functions of arteries, capillaries, and veins?
31) What is the heart’s function? What is in the right side of the heart? The left? Where does blood go to from both sides?