Rocks/Minerals Study guide Name______

1.  The three major rock groups are

2.  The earth is made mostly of this type of rock

3.  Erosion can be caused by what three things

4.  The look and feel of a rocks surface is called its

5.  Large easy to see grains are called ______grained

6.  The three rock types are classified by

7.  The steps, in order, for the formation of a sedimentary rock are

______

8.  Rocks formed by heat and pressure

9.  Process of sedimentary rock that particles get glued together

10.  Water carving away at the bank of a river is an example

11.  If you were hiking around Mt. St. Helens (volcano) what type of rock would you most likely find

12.  You find a fossil of the Mesosaurus. What rock type must it be formed in?

13. A mineral with the hardness of 10 can scratch...

14. A geode is round, hollow rock with ______in it.

15. The property that shows the ability to peel in a mineral is called

16. Which is harder on Moh’s hardness scale, a penny or an iron nail?

17. While testing a mineral you can scratch it with your fingernail. This means that…

18. Inorganic means

19. Hard, colorful minerals that are attractive and have a glassy luster are called

20. A volcanic neck would most likely be made of which of the following rock types?

Matching

21. ____ Color a. how a mineral breaks

22. ____ Streak b. determined by a scratch test

23. ____ Fracture c. how a mineral reflects light

24. ____ Hardness d. color of mineral’s powder

25. ____ Density e. mass divided by volume

26. ____ Luster f. how a mineral absorbs light

Answer Key:

A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic

D. Melting E. Cooling F. Heat & Pressure

G. Lithification H. Weathering & Erosion

Completion

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?(3pts)

35.  ______

What are the 2 types of igneous rock?(2pts)

36. ______

What are the 2 types of metamorphic rock?(2pts)

37. ______

Word Bank for Completion

A.  Intrusive D. Extrusive F. Chemical

B.  Foliated E. Nonfoliated G. Clastic

C. Organic

Open Ended Question: 39. Using the following key of common minerals, find two minerals from the chart that may be confused with one another (based on appearance). Discuss three ways to differentiate between the two similar looking minerals. (10 points)

Mineral Identification - Diagnostic Physical Properties
Apatite / Green color, H=5, may show hexagonal crystal form
Augite / Dark or dull green color, 2 cleavages at ~90 degrees, similar properties to Hornblende
Biotite / Black color, one perfect direction of cleavage resulting in the mineral pealing into thin, flexible sheets, similar properties to Muscovite
Calcite / Clear, H=3, reacts with HCl, 3 directions of cleavage (rhombic cleavage)
Corundum / H=9, often shows hexagonal crystal form
Dolomite / Reacts to HCL in its powdered form, similar properties to calcite
Fluorite / H=4, 4 directions of cleavage, often purple in color (can be white, clear, yellow, green)
Galena / Gray, metallic mineral, 3 directions of cleavage (cubic)
Garnet / Typically reddish brown color, no cleavage, commonly found in twelve-sided crystals (dodecahedrons)
Graphite / Gray, "Pencil lead", soft metallic mineral, gray streak
Gypsum / Whjite, H=2, can be scratched with a fingernail
Halite / Clear, "Salt", H=2.5, cannot be scratched with a fingernail, 3 directions of cleavage (cubic), salty taste
Hematite / Reddish brown streak, "rust"
Hornblende / Black to dk. green color, 2 directions of cleavage at 120 or 60 degrees, similar properties to Augite
Magnetite / Magnetic, metallic mineral
Muscovite / Clear or translucent color, one perfect direction of cleavage resulting in the mineral pealing into thin, flexible sheets, similar properties to Biotite
Olivine / Apple green or yellowish green color, H=7 (often difficult to determine), conchoidal fracture, no cleavage
Orthoclase / H=6, salmon pink color is typical, perthitic intergrowths are common, 2 directions of cleavage at 90 degrees, similar properties to plagioclase
Plagioclase / H=6, white or gray color, striations may be seen on cleavage surface, 2 directions of cleavage at 90 degrees, similar properties to orthoclase
Pyrite / "Fool's Gold", gold metallic color
Quartz / H=7, conchoidal fracture, no cleavage, color is typically white or clear but can be pink, red, purple, black
Sulfur / Yellow color, "rotten egg" smell if burned
Talc / H=1, very soft, easily scratched by fingernail