Propaganda Techniques – ESA Make-up
Excluding Testimonials, find real-world examples for questions you missed and bring them in labeled and attached to your quiz. You only have to do as many as required to bring your grade up to passing. If you only need one answer corrected to bring quiz to passing, provide one example. If you need 5 answers corrected, bring 5 examples, one for each question. Be sure examples match the technique you missed.
Guilt by Association: If you’re near a person or group, all of the evils rub off on you.
“If you listen to rap, you must be a criminal.”
Either-or-Reasoning: Wrongly assumes there are only two ways to think on a complicated issue.
“How can you criticize the president?” “You’re not American if you don’t support the war!”
Bandwagon: Everybody’s doing it.
“Join the Pepsi Generation!”
Generalization: Says something is always true, based on a few occurrences.
“All Arabs are terrorists.” “All Christians are judgmental.” “All Democrats are liberal communists!” “All Republicans are uncaring, greedy capitalist!”
Post Hoc Reasoning: Takes a cause and incorrectly ties it to an outcome.
“Ever since I wore my lucky underwear, we’ve never lost a game.”
Plain Folks: Uses “ordinary” people agreeing with an idea to influence.
“Four out of five dentists recommend…”
Testimonial: Uses a famous name to endorse an idea.
“Jay-Z is back!” (Budweiser ad). “Tiger Woods wears this Nike shirt.”
Empty Sentences: State or imply illogical conclusions from a given set of facts.
“Women are better drivers than men since men have more accidents.”
Name Calling: If you’re not a “good guy,” you’re a “bad guy.” Uses connotations of words to portray negative or positive feelings.
“Anti-choice,” “Pro-life,” “Pro-choice.” “Socialist.”