Presidency Chart – Rutherford B. Hayes (19th) (1877-1881)
The Election of 1876
Issue:
Candidates: Republican = ______Democrat = ______
Compromise of 1877:
Ø Why was the Compromise necessary?
Ø What did the Republicans get in the compromise?
Ø What did the Democrats get in the Compromise?
Ø What did this compromise end? ______
Major Items during Hayes’ Presidency
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877:· Who went on strike?
· Why were they on strike?
· How did Pres. Grant end the strike?
· Why is this strike significant?
The Bland-Allison Act:
Ø What did this act do?
Ø Who pushed for this act and why?
Split in the Republican Party:
· Stalwarts- led by Roscue Conkling, Senator who favored spoils system
Ø Love the spoils system/patronage
Ø Conservative “Old Guard” Republicans
· Half-Breeds- led by James G. Blaine, Congressman who favored Civil Service reform
Ø Love civil service reform and merit appointments to government jobs
Ø Liberal Republicans
· Mugwumps- Represented in thought by Thomas Nast
Ø What did these people believe?
Ø When are these people significant in a presidential election? Why?
Munn v. Illinois (1877):
Ø What was the holding?
Ø Who is happy about this holding and why?
Emergence of the Knights of Labor (1878):
· Who founded/created it?
· Who could join them?
· What did they want?
· Why are they significant?
Presidency Chart – James A. Garfield (20th) (1881)
& Chester A. Arthur (21st) (1881 - 1885)
The Election of 1880:
Candidates- ______= Republican *WINNER*______= Democrat
______= Greenback
Tariff Issue:
What did the GOP candidate want to do to the tariff and why?
What did the Demo. candidate want to do to the tariff and why?
Major Items during Garfield’s and Arthur’s Presidencies
Half-Breed Republicans:§ What was a Half-Breed?
§ List a few prominent ½ Breeds:
Stalwart Republicans:
§ What was a Stalwart?
§ List a few prominent Stalwarts:
The Assassination of Garfield:
§ Who shot Garfield? ______
§ Where was Garfield shot? ______
§ Why did he shoot Garfield?
§ What happened to the murderer?
A Century of Dishonor published (1881):
§ Who wrote it? ______
§ What was A Century of Dishonor about?
§ Why was it significant?
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
§ What did it do?
§ Why & how was it passed?
§ Why is it significant?
Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)
§ What did it do?
§ Why did Arthur push for it & why did it get passed?
§ Why was it significant?
Civil Rights Cases (1883)
· The court ruled that the ______Amendment barred ______governments from discriminating on account of race but did not prevent private individuals or organization from doing so.
· This was used later in history in cases such as ______v. Ferguson (1896) which established the “separate but equal” doctrine and the Cumming v. County Board of Education (1899) which approved the creation of separate schools for whites and blacks
Presidency Chart – Grover Cleveland 22nd and 24th (1885 – 1889 and 1893 – 1897)
The Election of 1884
Issue:
Candidates: Republican = ______
Democrat = ______*WINNER!*Campaign:
- What did Blain say in the campaign that severely hurt him?
- This statement insulted NY’s Irish community and he didn’t take it back and ultimately caused him the presidency
- Republicans publicized Cleveland’s claim to of having an illegitimate child
Major items during Cleveland’s first term
Haymarket Square Riot (1886):§ What caused this riot?
§ Who were the rioters?
§ Who was hurt in the riot?
§ What was the major effect of this riot?
The American Federation of Labor (AFL) founded in (1886).
§ Who is the founder? ______
§ Who could be members of this labor union?
§ What did this union push for or want?
Tariff reform & its failure:
§ What did Cleveland want to do with tariffs and why did it fail?
Wabash Railroad v. Illinois (1886):
§ What was the holding of this Supreme Court case?
§ What was the big effect of this case?
Interstate Commerce Act (1887):
§ What did this act regulate or do?
§ What federal commission is created by this act? ______
§ What was the commission’s responsibility/job?
Dawes Severalty Act (1887):
§ Why was this act passed?
§ What did this act do?
§ What is the big effect of this act?
Election of 1892
Major Issue: ______Candidates: Grover Cleveland = Democrat
Benjamin Harrison = Republican
Weaver = People’s Party (Populists)
Describe the campaign.
Major Items during Cleveland’s 2nd term
Panic of 1893 and the Depression:· Worst depression of century (1800s)
· Was also the 1st depression of the new urban and industrial age
· 20% were unemployed one winter
· 8,000 businesses collapsed in 6mos. & several rail roads were shut down
· Caused the collapse of the stock market, over speculation, reduced money supply, and existing agricultural depression
Sherman Silver Purchase Act repealed (1893):
· Cleveland repealed this act during his presidency in response to the Panic of 1893 and the depression that followed
· William Jennings Bryan argued against repeal
· Cleveland alienated Democratic silverites and disrupted the party by doing this.
Coxey’s Army (1894):
· Who was Coxey?
· What was Coxey’s Army and what is it famous for?
Pullman Strike (1894):
· Who organized this strike? ______
· What Union went on strike? ______
· Describe the Pullman Car Company.
· Why did the union go on strike?
· How is the strike resolved?
· What is an injunction?
· Why is this strike significant?
U.S. v. E.C. Knight (1895):
· What was the holding of this Supreme Court case?
· Why is this case significant?
In re Debs (1895):
§ What was the holding of this Supreme Court case?
§ Why is this case significant?
Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise Speech (1895):
§ Who was Booker T. Washington & what did he advocate for?
§ What did he say in his Atlanta Compromise speech in 1895?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896):
§ Explain the Louisiana state law challenged in this case.
§ Supreme Court holding:
§ Significance of this case:
Presidency Chart – Benjamin Harrison (23rd) (1889-1893)
The Election of 1888
Big Issue:
Candidates:
Election Mandate:Major Items during Harrison’s Presidency
1. States admitted to the Union during his presidency:2. Closing of the frontier and the Turner thesis: closing of frontier ended an era in American History
3. Jane Addams founds Hull House (1889): ”St. Jane”
· Who was Jane Addams?
· What is a settlement house?
· What settlement house did Addams found in Chicago? ______
· Why is she/it significant?
4. Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890):
· What was it?
· What was its purpose?
· Was it effective? Explain.
· Why is it significant?
5. Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890):
· What was it?
· What was its purpose?
· Was it effective? Explain.
· Why is it significant?
6. Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) = last major battle between US troops and Indians
· What caused it?
· Explain the Battle of Wounded Knee.
· Where was the battle? ______
· Why was this battle significant? What was its effect?
7. McKinley Tariff Act (1890):
· How high did this act raise the tariff? ______%
· What else did this act do?
· Why did this act pass and what party pushed for it?
8. Populist Party is formed.
· What did this 3rd party want?
· Describe the people who supported the party.
· List some prominent members of the party.
9. Homestead Strike (1892):
· What company’s employees went on strike and why?
· Where did this strike occur? ______
· Explain how this strike ends.
· Explain the significance of this strike.
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