Practical Section 140 Questions

2010 International Mock Board Exam Coalition

Canada / University of Guelph / 02/27/2010
Northeast / Yale University / 03/13/2010
Pacific Northwest / University of Washington / 03/20/2009
West Coast / Stanford University / 04/03/2010
Midwest / Colorado State University / 04/30/2010
Mid-Atlantic / Walter Reed Army Institute of Research / 05/05/2010
Southeast / North Carolina State University / 05/15/2010
International / Asia – Singapore / 05/15/2010
International / Europe – United Kingdom
(Mock ECLAM exam) / 06/12/2010

Practical Section – 130 Questions

Referenced Answers – 49 Pages

This examination is meant to be used as a study tool when preparing for the ACLAM or ECLAM Certifying Examinations. The material presented in this mock examination follows the ACLAM role delineation document, but is not necessarily reflective of the ACLAM or ECLAM Certifying Examinations.

2010 Exam Contributors

Canada

Patricia V. Turner, DVM, DVSc, DACLAM, DABT – Canadian Coordinator

Andrew Winterborn, DVM, DACLAM

Mid-Atlantic

Susan Goodwin, DVM, DACLAM – Mid-Atlantic Coordinator

MAJ Krystal Bean, DACLAM

MAJ Mike Bonhage, DACLAM

Dr. Leslie Curtin, DACLAM

Dr. Jeetendra Eswaraka, DACLAM

COL Alec Hail, DACLAM

LTC Ken Jacobsen, DACLAM

MAJ Curtis Klages, DACLAM

MAJ Craig Koeller, DACLAM

MAJ Kevin Nemelka, DACLAM

LTC Pedro Rico, DACLAM

LTC Anne Schiavetta, DACLAM

COL Pete Schultheiss, DACLAM

LTC James Sheets, DACLAM

MAJ Larry Shelton, DACLAM

Midwest

Cristina Weiner, VMD – Midwest Coordinator

Winona Burgess, DVM, CPA

Deb Hickman, DCM, MS, DACLAM

Lon Kendall, DVM, PhD, DACLAM

Lynne Kesel, DVM

Elizabeth Magden, DVM

James Owiny, BVM, DACLAM

Sue Vandewoude, DVM, DACLAM

Northeast

Peter Smith, DVM, DACLAM - Northeast Region Coordinator

Jodi Carlson Scholz, DVM, DACLAM

Rebekah Franklin, DVM

David Wellington, DVM

Misty Williams-Fritze, DVM, MS

Steven Wilson, VMD, DACLAM

Pacific Northwest

Thea Brabb, DVM, DACLAM - Pacific Northwest Region Coordinator

Stephanie Murphy, VMD, PhD, DACLAM - Pacific Northwest Region Coordinator

Andrew Burich, DVM, MS, DACLAM

Annie Torrence, BVSc, MS, DACLAM

Southeast

David Kurtz, DVM, PhD, DACLAM – Southeast Region Coordinator

Julia Whitaker, MS, DVM, DACLAM – Southeast Region Coordinator

Satish Adusumilli, BVSc&AH, MVSc, PhD

Dwight Bellinger, DVM, PhD, DACLAM

Terry Blankenship, DVM, MS, DACLAM

John Bradfield, DVM, MS, PhD, DACLAM

Jenn Cann, DVM, PhD, ACVP

Mark Cline, DVM, PhD, ACVP

Idris El-Amin, DVM

Craig Fletcher, DVM, PhD, DACLAM

Diane Forsythe, DVM, DACLAM

Virginia Godfrey, DVM, PhD, DACVP

Mary Grant, VMD, MS, DACLAM

Stanton Gray, DVM, PhD

Angela King-Herbert, DVM, DACLAM

Judy Nielsen, DVM, DACLAM

Mary Ann Vasbinder, DVM, DACLAM

Richard W. Young, DVM, DACLAM

West Coast

Stephen Felt, DVM, MPH, DACLAM, DACVPM – West Coast Coordinator

Peter Casro, DVM

Antwain Howard, DVM

Tyler Long, DVM

Gabe McKeon, DVM

Cholawat Pacharinsak, DVM, PhD

Catherine Sohn, DVM

Stephanie Torreilles, DVM, DACLAM

Asia - Singapore

Patrick Sharp, DVM, DACLAM – Asian Coordinator

Europe (Mock ECLAM Exam)

José M. Sánchez-Morgado, DVM, MSc, PhD, DipECLAM – European Coordinator

Yolanda Saavedra-Torres, DVM, PhD, DipECLAM

Michael Wilkinson, DVM, PhD, DipECLAM

1. What is the most likely cause of the depicted lesion in a macaque?

a. Porphyromonas gingivalis

b. Campylobacter jejuni

c. Cercopithecine Herpesvirus-1

d. Shigella flexneri

e. Simian Retrovirus Type D

Answer: d. Shigella flexneri

References:

1) Armitage GC, Newbrun E, Hoover CI, Anderson JH. Periodontal disease associated with Shigella flexneri in rhesus monkeys. Clinical, microbiologic and histopathologic findings. J Periodontal Res. 1982 Mar;17(2):131-44.

2) Armitage GC, Banks TA, Newbrun E, Greenspan JS, Hoover CI, Anderson JH. 1983. Immunologic observations in macaques with Shigella-associated periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res. 18(2): p. 139-48.

3) Brady AG and Morton, DG. “Digestive System” in Nonhuman Priamtes in Biomedical Research: Diseases. Edited by Bennett, BT, Abee, CR, and Henrickson, R. 1998. Academic Press, Inc, San Diego, CA. page 392.

Domain 1, Task 3; Primary species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

2. What is the mechanism of action of the compounds pictured?

a. Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist

b. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) receptor agonist

c. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist

d. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

e. Dopaminergic receptor antagonist

Answer: d. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

References:

1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ and Karas AZ. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Chapter 2 – Pharmacology of Injectable Anesthetics, Sedatives, and Tranquilizers, pp. 27-82.

2) Flecknell P. 1996. Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia, 2nd ed. Chapter 2 – Pre-anaesthetic Medication, pp. 7-13.

Domain 2, Task T2

3. Which of the following have been recommended as effective methods to euthanize the species pictured?

a. immersion of the animal in for one hour in buffered MS222

b. intracoelomic injection of MS222 with sodium pentobarbital with sodium phenytoin

c. ventral application of benzocaine (2 cm x 1 mm of 20% benzocaine gel

d. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above.

Reference:

1) Torreilles, SL, McClure, DE, Green, SL. 2009. Evaluation and refinement of euthanasia methods for Xenopus laevis. JAALAS 48 (5) pp. 512.

Domain 2, Task 3; Secondary species- (Xenopus spp.)

4. What is the purpose of the devices pictured below?

a. Continuous heart rate monitoring

b. Continuous drug delivery

c. Continuous blood pressure monitoring

d. Continuous temperature monitoring

e. Animal Identification

Answer: b. Continuous drug delivery

Reference: http://www.alzet.com/index.php

Domain 3, Task 2

5. What is this supply used for?

indicates maximum temperature reached in autoclave cycle
indicates minimum temperature reached in autoclave cycle
indicates maximum temperature reached in the rack washer cycle
indicates minimum temperature reached in the rack washer cycle

e. indicates maximum room temperature reached over 24 hours

Answer: c. indicates maximum rack washer temperature reached.

References:

1) http://www.azaalas.org/Certification/Certification/ALAT/Lectures/chap10.ppt#265,16,Environmental Monitoring

Domain 4, Task 2 or 3

6. To which DEA schedule does this opiate drug belong?

a. Schedule I

b. Schedule II

c. Schedule III

d. Not controlled

Answer: b. Schedule II

References

1) Fox, JG, Anderson, LC, Loew, FM, Quimby, FW. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, Second edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Ch. 22- Pre-anesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p 979.

2) DEA web site: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs_concern/fentanyl.htm

Domain 2

7. What is one commonly used blood collection site in the pig, as demonstrated in this image?

a. Femoral vein

b. Gracilis vein

c. Internal iliac vein

d. Medial saphenous vein

Answer: a. Femoral vein

References:

1) Fox, JG, Anderson, LC, Loew, FM, Quimby, FW. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd ed. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Ch. 15 Biology and diseases of swine, p. 623

2) Sinclair technical bulletin: www.sinclairresearch.com

Domain 3; primary species - Sus scrofa

8. When asked to help train new laboratory animal technicians at your facility, you develop a wet lab for rodent handling. “Squeekums” is an example of _____?

a. Replacement

b. Refinement

c. Enrichment

d. Reduction

Answer: a. Replacement

References:

1) USDA APHIS, Animal Care Resources Guide. Section 12.1 “Consideration of Alternatives to Painful/Distressful Procedures. (Animal Care Policies, #12)

2) Reference: USDA, AWIC, replacement website: http://awic.nal.usda.gov/nal_display/index.php?info_center=3&tax_level=2&tax_subject=183&level3_id=0&level4_id=0&level5_id=0&topic_id=1093&placement_default=0

Domain 6

9. These two images are histological tissue sections taken from a macaque that was experimentally infected with SIV. The depicted images are characteristic of a secondary infection with:

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

b. Simian virus 40 (SV40)

c. Macacine herpesvirus 5 (rhesus rhadinovirus)

d. Cercopethecine herpesvirus 9 (simian varicella virus)

e. Macacine herpesvirus 3 (rhesus cytomegalovirus)

Answer: b. Simian virus 40 (SV40)

References:

1) Simon, MA. 2008. Polyomaviruses of Nonhuman Primates: Implications for Research. Comp Med 58(1): 51-56

2) Bernacky BJ, SV Gibson, ME Keeling, CR Abee. Nonhuman Primates (2002). In Laboratory Animal Medicine 2nd edition (Fox, Anderson, Loew, and Quimby eds.), pp. 751. Academic Press, San Diego

Domain 1; Primary species – Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)

10. What is the primary use of cysteine, as it pertains to the use of this animal in research?

a. Induction of ovulation

b. Induction of spermatogenesis

c. Embryo incubation solution

d. Removal of embryo jelly coat

e. Anesthesia for removal of oocytes

Answer: d. Removal of embryo jelly coat

References:

1) O’Rourke DP, Schultz TW. Biology and Diseases of Amphibians (2002). In Laboratory Animal Medicine 2nd edition (Fox, Anderson, Loew, and Quimby eds.), pp. 811-812. Academic Press, San Diego

2) Godfrey EW, Sanders GE. Effect of Water Hardness on Oocyte Quality and Embryo Development in the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis). Comp Med 54(2): 170-175

Domain 3; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis)

11. The piece of equipment pictured below can be used for all of the following procedures EXCEPT:

a. Changing cages

b. Conducting minor animal procedure

c. Conducting procedure associated with injectable anesthesia

d. Conducting procedure assessment with gaseous anesthesia

e. None of the above

Answer: d. Conducting procedure assessment with gaseous anesthesia

References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, p 941-942

2) BMBC (CDC) appendix A (4th ED)

Domain 4

12. According the 2007 AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, the use of the equipment pictured below for the euthanasia of rodents without prior anesthesia or sedation is?

Prohibited
Conditionally acceptable
Acceptable
Unacceptable

Answer: b. Conditionally acceptable

References:

1) AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia- American Veterinary Medical Association, 2007.

2) Silveramn J, Suckow MA, Murthy S. The IACUC Handbook, 2nd ed. Chapter 17 – Euthanasia, pp. 287-320.

Domain 5, Task T2

13. These cages depicted in the picture below have 4.2 sq. ft. of floor space and the partitions and floors are removable. You have two rhesus monkeys that you must house in this rack. Monkey #1 weighs 10.5 kg and monkey #2 weighs 12.3 kg. They are not compatible to pair house. What is the best configuration to house the two monkeys in this rack?

a. Pull partitions and provide each monkey horizontal access to two cages

b. Pull the floor partitions and provide each monkey vertical access to two cages

c. Maintain in single cages

d. Maintain in single cages and seek approval from the IACUC

e. Maintain in single cages and have the attending veterinarian write an exemption

Answer: a. Pull partitions and provide each monkey horizontal access to two cages

Reference:

2) 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A, Part 3.80 (b)

Domain 5, Task 1, K1; Primary Species- Macaques (Macaca spp.)

14. The environmental parameters shown above are NOT appropriate for which of the following species?

a. Meriones unguiculatus

b. Rattus norvegicus

c. Macaca fascicularis

d. Oryctolagus cuniculus

e. Cricetulus griseus

Answer: d. Oryctolagus cuniculus

References:

1) National Research Council 1996. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.. Chapter 2 – Animal Environment, Housing, and Management, pg. 32.

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 9 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 338.

Domain 4; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

15. A mass was identified on the tail of a 6 year old ferret. Below are a picture of the lesion and a photomicrograph of a section of the tumor. What is the tissue of origin of this tumor type?

a. ectoderm

b. notochord

c. endoderm

d. mesothelium

Answer: b. notochord

Reference:

1) Campus, MS et al. 2009. Pathology in practice. JAVMA 235 (8) 949.

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 pp. 512

Domain 1.8; Secondary species- ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

16. An outbreak of skin disease is reported in an investigator-run satellite colony of Xenopus tropicalis. These photographs illustrate the gross clinical signs (A) and a stained impression smear (B) made from one of the lesions. Choose the best diagnosis.

Acute dermatitis due to a gram-negative rod, Aeromonas hydrophila.
Chronic dermatitis due to a fungus, Saprolegnia or Mucor sp.
Acute dermatitis due to an infection with Frog Virus 3 (iridovirus).

d. Subacute dermatitis due to Chlamydia psittaci.

Answer: a. Acute dermatitis due to a gram-negative rod, Aeromonas hydrophila.

References:

1) Wright, KM and Whitaker, BR, Eds. Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry. Kreiger Publishing Company. Malabar, FL. 2001. Chapter 13: Bacterial Diseases, pp. 161-166.

2) Wu M, Gerhart J. Raising Xenopus in the laboratory. Methods Cell Biol. 1991; 36: 11-12.

3) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 pp. 815.

Domain 1, Task 3; Secondary Species- African Clawed frog (Xenopus spp.)

17. A dog underwent an experimental procedure that required post-operative immobilization of the distal limb using a rigid cast. Recovery and post-operative care were uneventful. Weeks after the surgery, moisture was noted on the caudal aspect of the cast. Though the dog remained bright, alert, and ambulatory with continued good appetite, the cast was removed for physical examination. The gross appearance of the lesion that was under the cast is illustrated in (A) and a biopsy of the lesion in (B). This lesion represents:

Acral lick granuloma
Fibrosarcoma arising in an area of chronic inflammation
Canine cutaneous histiocytoma
Granulation tissue secondary to pressure-induced necrosis (cast sore)

Answer: d. Granulation tissue secondary to pressure-induced necrosis (cast sore)

References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, Chapter 11, pp. 433-445.

2) McGavin, MD and Zachary, JF, Eds. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. Fourth edition. Mosby Elsevier. St. Louis, MO. Chapter 4: Chronic inflammation and wound healing, pp 183-184. 2007.

Domain 1, Task 1 or 3; Primary Species- dog (Canis familiaris)

18. The animal depicted in this photo is an important animal model in the study of what infectious agent?

a. Leptospira interrogans

b. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

c. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer: b. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

References:

Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 270.
Prince, GA. 1994. The Cotton rat in Biomedical Research. Animal Welfare Information Center Newsletter, Vol. 5 (2).

Domain 3, Task T2; Tertiary species- other rodents (Sigmodon hispidus)