Physiology Study Guide 15: the Brain 13

Physiology Study Guide 15: The Brain 13

Steven A. Fink; Instructor

PHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 15:

THE BRAIN

True/False

____ 1. Patients with CNS depression can be treated with drugs that mimic the effects of excitatory neurotransmitters. [p. 123]

____ 2. The Micturition Reflex Center is located in the lower portion of the spinal cord. [p. 124]

____ 3. Hallucinogenic drugs cause an overall decrease in the activity level of the brain. [p. 123]

____ 4. Activity in the Vestibular Reflex Center can affect the movement of the eyes. [p. 110]

____ 5. Consciousness originates within the dominant hemisphere of the brain. [p. 114]

____ 6. Cretinism is caused by cerebral ischemia at the time of birth. [p. 115]

____ 7. The Cerebral Cortex exhibits a certain capacity to compensate for cerebral infarction. [p. 116]

____ 8. REM Sleep occurs during the periods of deepest sleep. [p. 137]

____ 9. Analytic thinking occurs principally within the dominant cerebral hemisphere. [p. 113]

____10. The Speech Center (Broca’s Area) is located only in the dominant cerebral hemisphere of the brain. [p. 113]

____11. The altered state of consciousness, associated with epilepsy, is called a convulsion. [p. 117]

____12. An individual's emotional state can affect his level of alertness. [p. 120]

____13. Odors can affect an individual's emotional state. [p. 120 & 123]

____14. A lesion in the Thalamus could cause a coma. [p. 113]

____15. Based upon EEG studies, the electrical activity in the brain completely ceases during deep sleep. [p. 137]

____16. Injury to the Hypothalamus could result in loss of ability to control the rhythmicity of breathing. [p. 109]

____17. As we grow older, the average amount of time spent sleeping increases. [p. 138]

____18. As we grow older, a larger percentage of our sleeping time is occupied by dreams. [p. 138]

____19. Rapid eye movements and dreaming occur during our deepest levels of sleep. [p. 137]

____20. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is not used in clinical diagnoses because it is quite unreliable. [p. 138]

____21. The EEG pattern during dream sleep is similar to the EEG pattern in an alert, awake person. [p. 137]

____22. The emotional state [Limbic System] of an individual may affect the sleep-awake pattern [Thalamus]. [p. 120]

____23. The Primary Sensory Area exists in both the Right and Left hemispheres of the Cerebrum. [p. 113]

____24. Subconscious adjustments to posture & balance are controlled by the Cerebral cortex. [p. 118]

____25. In most people, the right side of the brain is more important for spatial and pattern perception, artistic ability, and imagination. [p. 114]

____26. People who are emotionally sad or depressed tend to want to sleep a lot. [p. 120]

Multiple Choice

____27. A collection of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS is called a:
(a) commissure
(b) fiber tract
(c) ganglion
(d) choroid plexus
(e) nucleus

____28. The brain stem consists of the [p. 109]:
(a) cerebellum, pons & hypothalamus
(b) medulla oblongata, thalamus, & midbrain
(c) medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, & pons
(d) medulla oblongata, pons, & midbrain
(e) medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, & thalamus

____29. The postcentral gyrus of the Parietal Lobe is the location of the [p. 82]:
(a) primary somatosensory area
(b) primary motor area
(c) primary auditory area
(d) Language Comprehension Area
(e) Respiratory Reflex Center

____30. The Primary Motor Area of the Cerebral cortex is located in the [p. 82]:
(a) precentral gyrus of the Frontal Lobe
(b) postcentral gyrus of the Parietal Lobe
(c) Temproal Lobe
(d) Occipital Lobe
(e) Limbic System

____31. The Primary Visual Area of the Cerebral Cortex is located in the [p. 82]:
(a) Frontal Lobe
(b) Temporal Lobe
(c) Parietal Lobe
(d) Occipital Lobe
(e) Limbic System

____32. The Cerebellum of the brain is associated with [p. 118]:
(a) memory
(b) coordination of muscular movements
(c) vomiting
(d) breathing

____33. The "lowest" area of the brain is the [p. 109]:
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Hypothalamus
(c) Medulla oblongata
(d) Limbic System
(e) Cerebral cortex

____34. The Osmoregulatory ("Thirst") Reflex Center is located in the [p. 124]:
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Hypothalamus
(c) Medulla oblongata
(d) Limbic System
(e) Cerebral cortex

____35. The activity of the visceral effectors [organs] is regulated by the [p. 124]:
(a) Cerebral cortex
(b) Spinal cord
(c) Cerebellum
(d) Hypothalamus
(e) Liver

____36. The Vestibular Reflex Center is located in the [p. 109]:
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Hypothalamus
(c) Medulla oblongata
(d) Limbic System
(e) Cerebral cortex

____37. Incontinence refers to a loss of:
(a) muscular coordination
(b) spatial orientation
(c) urinary bladder control
(d) visual acuity
(e) consciousness

____38. Cerebellar injury is often manifested by [p. 118]:
(a) flaccidity (weakness) of skeletal muscles
(b) rigidity of skeletal muscles
(c) hypothermia
(d) incontinence
(e) hypothyroidism

____39. Parkinson's Disease is manifested by [p. 120]:
(a) resting tremors
(b) muscle flaccidity
(c) hypothermia
(d) incontinence
(e) aphasia

____40. Infantile phenylketonuria (PKU) is treated with:
(a) B-vitamins
(b) thyroxin
(c) corticosteroids
(d) a special diet
(e) MRI
(ab) L-Dopa

____41. The sense of moving even after you have already stopped spinning around is due to [p. 110]:
(a) slow conduction of visual impulses to the brain
(b) emotional fears associated with spinning
(c) continued flow of endolymph fluid over the hair cells of the

semicircular canals
(d) prolonged vibration of the tympanic membrane
(e) build-up of air bubbles in the endolymph fluid of the utricle

____42. Broca's Area is associated with [p. 113]:
(a) the ability to speak
(b) the sense of smell (olfaction)
(c) emotions
(d) hearing
(e) equilibrium & balance

____43. Injury to the Speech Center can cause [p. 113]:
(a) aphasia
(b) agnosia
(c) apraxia
(d) dementia
(e) delirium

____44. Which one of the following brain areas is called the "Waking Center" [p. 112]?

(a) Cerebral cortex

(b) Medulla oblongata

(d) Cerebellum

(e) Thalamus

____45. Which one of the following types of drugs would be most effective in preventing recurrent epileptic seizures [p. 117]?

(a) immunosuppressants

(b) CNS stimulants

(d) catecholamines

(e) hallucinogens

____46. Injury to Wernicke's Area can cause [p. 113]:
(a) resting muscle tremors
(b) inability to speak
(c) blindness
(d) problems in language comprehension
(e) uncontrolled rage

____47. All of the following reflex centers are located in the Medulla oblongata EXCEPT the ________ Reflex Center [p. 109].

(a) Oculomotor

(b) Cardiovascular

(d) Respiratory

(e) Vomiting

____48. Parkinson's Disease is a pathology associated with the [p. 120]:
(a) Basal (Ganglia) Nuclei
(b) Medulla oblongata
(c) Cerebellum
(d) Cerebral cortex
(e) Limbic System

____49. The Oculomotor Reflex Center is located in the [p. 111]:
(a) Midbrain
(b) Medulla oblongata
(c) Cerebellum
(d) Cerebral cortex
(e) Hypothalamus

____50. Stereognosis is the ability to [p. 113]:
(a) assess the weight of an object
(b) distinguish between two simultaneous sounds
(c) make two-point touch discriminations
(d) visually distinguish between two very close objects
(e) recognize an object by the feel of its size, shape and texture

____51. A weak spot in the wall of a blood vessel is called a(n) [p. 115]:
(a) thrombosis
(b) nystagmus
(c) aphasia
(d) adenoma
(e) aneurysm

____52. All of the following functions are generally associated with the dominant hemisphere of the cerebrum EXCEPT [p. 114]:

(a) writing words

(b) analytic logic

(d) spatial patterns

(e) speech

____53. The region of the brain least affected by general anesthesia is the [p. 110]:

(a) Hypothalamus

(b) Cerebral cortex

(d) Medulla oblongata

(e) Thalamus

____54. The Cardiovascular Reflex Center is located in the [p. 109]:
(a) Thalamus
(b) Medulla oblongata
(c) Cerebellum
(d) Cerebral cortex
(e) Hypothalamus

____55. Which one of the following is NOT a function of the Hypothalamus [p. 124]?
(a) regulates tonicity of body fluids
(b) regulates body temperature
(c) regulates the pituitary gland
(d) regulates skeletal muscle tone
(e) regulates of blood sugar (glucose) level

____56. Centers for vomiting, coughing, and swallowing are located in the [p. 109]:
(a) Thalamus
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Cerebral cortex
(d) Medulla oblongata
(e) Hypothalamus

____57. The presence of resting muscle tremors and muscular rigidity is characteristic of [p. 120]:
(a) schizophrenia
(b) epilepsy
(c) Parkinson's disease
(d) cerebellar ataxia
(e) aphasia

____58. The Micturition Reflex Center regulates [p. 124]:
(a) urination
(b) salivation
(c) swallowing
(d) salt & water balance
(e) accommodation of the eyeballs

____59. Which one of the following pathologies is caused by congenital hypothyroidism [p. 115]?

(a) dyslexia

(b) muscular dystrophy

(d) cretinism

(e) epilepsy

____60. Damage to the ______can lead to coma [p. 113].
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Thalamus (RAS)
(c) Basal (Ganglia) Nuclei
(d) Hypothalamus
(e) Primary Sensory Area

____61. Schizophrenia is a disorder associated with the [p. 123]:
(a) Thalamus
(b) Medulla oblongata
(c) Cerebellum
(d) Cerebral cortex
(e) Limbic System

____62. Cerebral thrombosis could cause [p. 115]:

(a) a brain tumor

(b) viral encephalitis

(d) manic-depression

(e) a stroke

____63. Which one of the following drugs depresses the processing of sensory information in the thalamus & limbic system [p. 84]?

(a) adrenalin

(b) aspirin

(d) cocaine

(e) LSD

____64. Rabies is a viral infection of the [p. 123]:
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Cerebral cortex
(c) Basal Ganglia
(d) Limbic System
(e) Medulla oblongata

____65. The etiology of most cases of epilepsy is [p. 117]:

(a) congenital

(b) growth of a brain tumor

(d) a CVA

(e) uremia

____66. The Thermoregulatory Reflex Center is located in the [p. 124]:
(a) Thalamus
(b) Medulla oblongata
(c) Cerebellum
(d) Cerebral cortex
(e) Hypothalamus

____67. Pronounced skeletal muscle flaccidity in the resting state is a characteristic symptom of a __________ lesion [p. 118].
(a) Motor Cortex
(b) Basal (Ganglia) Nuclei
(c) Cerebellar
(d) Hypothalamic
(e) Limbic System

____68. The highest level of the brain is called the [p. 113]:

(a) Cerebellum

(b) Limbic System

(d) Cerebral cortex

(e) Thalamus

____69. Which type of sensory information is NOT relayed through the Thalamus [p. 112]?

(a) visual

(b) auditory

(d) spatial position

(e) olfactory

____70. Voluntary movement of the right hand is controlled by [p. 113]:
(a) the primary motor area in the right hemisphere
(b) the primary motor area in the left hemisphere
(c) the right side of the cerebellum
(d) the left side of the cerebellum
(e) none of the above

____71. Language comprehension is associated with [p. 82 & 113]:
(a) the Primary Somatosensory Area
(b) the Basal (Ganglia) Nuclei
(c) the Cerebellum
(d) the Thalamus
(e) Wernicke's Area
(ab) Broca's Area

____72. Signals from the Vestibular Apparatus can affect all of the following EXCEPT [p. 110]:
(a) movement of the eyes
(b) the Vomiting Reflex Center
(c) balance & posture
(d) hearing

____73. Injury to the Cerebellum could produce [p. 118]:
(a) loss of memory
(b) uncoordinated movement
(c) inability to dream
(d) altered Pituitary function
(e) uncontrollable body temperature

____74. A patient diagnosed with a CVA in the middle region of the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex would most likely result in [p. 82]:
(a) difficulty in recognizing friends & family
(b) loss of memory
(c) difficulty in determining whether a sound is speech, music or noise
(d) difficulty in translating thoughts into speech
(e) uncontrollable body temperature

____75. The Appetite/Satiety Center for regulation of food intake is located in the [p. 124]:
(a) Hypothalamus
(b) Cerebral cortex
(c) Medulla oblongata
(d) Cerebellum
(e) Midbrain

____76. Voluntary movements are initiated in the [p. 82 & 113]:
(a) Basal (Ganglia) Nuclei
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Primary Motor Area
(d) Midbrain
(e) Pyramidal Tracts

____77. The Cardiovascular Reflex Center is located in the [p. 109]:
(a) Medulla oblongata
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Hypothalamus
(d) Basal (Ganglia) Nuclei
(e) Thalamus

____78. The Primary Motor Area is located in the [p. 82]:
(a) frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex
(b) parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex
(c) temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex
(d) occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex
(e) Cerebellum
(ab) Basal (Ganglia) Nuclei

____79. The convolutions (folds) on the surface of the Cerebral cortex are called [p. 82]:
(a) nuclei
(b) ganglia
(c) sulci
(d) gyri
(e) commissures

____80. A lesion in Broca's Area can result in the loss of [p. 82 & 113]:
(a) eyesight
(b) muscular control of the eyes
(c) speech
(d) emotions
(e) temperature regulation

____81. A patient unable to touch his nose with his finger in a coordinated manner when blindfolded probably suffers from injury to his [p. 118]:
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Thalamus
(c) Hypothalamus
(d) Primary Sensory Area
(e) Basal (Ganglia) Nuclei

____82. The Circle of Willis (Cerebral Arterial Circle) is part of the [p. 116]:
(a) pulmonary circulation
(b) cerebral circulation
(c) hepatic portal circulation
(d) systemic circulation
(e) lymphatic circulation

____83. An overdose of _______ could cause a coma [p. 113].
(a) cocaine
(b) barbiturate
(c) LSD
(d) amphetamine
(e) psilocybin

____84. A Cerebellar lesion can result in [p. 118]:
(a) ataxia
(b) uncontrolled salivation
(c) motion sickness
(d) vertigo
(e) resting muscle tremors

____85. The Respiratory Reflex Center is located in the [p. 109]:
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Hypothalamus
(c) Medulla oblongata
(d) Limbic System
(e) Cerebral cortex

____86. The EEG may be used clinically to provide information about all of the following EXCEPT [p. 138]:
(a) epilepsy
(b) brain tumors
(c) cerebral infections
(d) strokes
(e) phobias & other neuroses

____87. The best method of locating an aneurysm or hematoma would be with a(n) [p. 135]:
(a) CAT Scan
(b) PET Scan
(c) EMG
(d) angiogram
(e) assay of CPK levels in the blood

____88. An imaging technique that shows where a radioactive substance is being used in the body is called [p. 136]:
(a) conventional radiography
(b) computed tomography (CT) scanning
(c) positron emission tomography (PET)
(d) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
(e) angiogram

____89. As you fall asleep, the EEG wave forms show [p. 137]:
(a) i frequency and i amplitude
(b) i frequency and h amplitude
(c) h frequency and i amplitude
(d) h frequency and h amplitude

____90. Which one of the following scanning techniques does NOT employ radiation or radioactive isotopes [p. 135]?
(a) PET Scan
(b) MR Imaging
(c) Dual-energy Subtraction Radiology
(d) Angiography
(e) CAT Scan

____91. Which technique permits researchers to see where radioactively-labeled chemicals are being used in the body [p. 136]?
(a) conventional radiography
(b) computerized axial tomography (CAT-Scan)
(c) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
(d) positron emission tomography (PET)
(e) Angiography
(ab) Electroencephalogram (EEG)

____92. Wernicke's Area is located in [p. 113]:
(a) the dominant hemisphere
(b) the subordinate hemisphere
(c) both hemispheres