Formation of the Universe – PowerPoint notes

Integrated Science 2 Name: Period:

Formation of Galaxies

1.  Galaxies begin as a ______in space

2.  The cloud ______under the force of it’s own ______, forming galaxies of a variety of shapes.

3.  Our galaxy, the ______is a spiral galaxy, consisting of a ______surrounded by arms that rotate in a ______.

4.  Solar systems similar to our move around in this galaxy in a ______.

Formation of Solar Systems

·  Within each galaxy are many ______(plural of nebula).

·  A nebula is ______from which stars and eventually solar systems are formed.

·  Nebula can be ______depending on the chemical makeup of the ______.

How a Nebula Becomes a Solar System – the ______Hypothesis

1. A rotating cloud of gas ______.

2. to form a thin disk around the forming ______at the center

3. Planets grow from ______in the disk and are left behind when the disk clears.

Formation of OUR solar system

·  Our sun was the ______of that cloud of dust and gas.

·  As the planets formed, the ______ones were pulled closest to the ______. They are called ______)Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars)

·  The ______planets moved toward the ______portion of the solar system. They are called ______or Gas Giants. (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)

·  Pluto is now thought to be a ______, most likely a captured comet who was draw in the by gravity of the sun and placed in an orbit around it (similar to ______)

Planetary Development

Terrestrial planets go through the same 4 stages of development

  1. DIFFERENTIATION – heavier materials move to the ______of the planet, lighter materials move to the ______portion while it is still molten ______.
  2. BOMBARDMENT – planets receive surface features due to ______from space debris (there was much more debris in the early universe!)
  3. FLOODING – planets were covered with ______or ______, filling in lower areas.
  4. SURFACE EVOLUTION – planets continue to change their look from ______, ______, or ______.

Jovian planets (gas giants) all when through ______, but we are unsure about development after that. We DO know that they are constantly influenced by ______that move through their thick ______.

Formation of Moons and Rings

Planets have moons for 2 different reasons

·  A large object in space ______, throwing out debris that collected into a ______(Ex: Earth’s moon)

·  ______have been captured by the planet when they came too close, getting trapped by the ______of the planet (Ex: The moons of Mars)

·  All planets have moons except ______and ______.

Some planets also have rings

·  Rings are either ______but trapped in its gravitational field OR they are rings of debris from ______.

·  Only the ______have rings.