Organismal Biology Section Two Exam

Organismal Biology 1030 A & B, Section Two Exam, Spring 2010

1. / In Griffith's experiment demonstrating that Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria can transfer genetic information, the reason that the type "S" strain could infect mice and cause pneumonia was because:
A. / They had flagella as a means of movement, whereas the “R” did not
B. / They reproduced much faster than type "R" bacteria, due to a superior DNA polymerase
C. / They produced a smooth polysaccharide capsule (coat) that helps them evade the mouse’s immune system
D. / The type “R” bacteria had all been killed by subjecting them to a high temperature
E. / They did not cause pneumonia in the mice, the type “R” strain did
2. / Hershey and Chase showed that the virus T4:
A. / Injects protein into a bacterium
B. / Injects polysaccharide into a bacterium
C. / Injects protein and DNA into a bacterium
D. / Injects RNA into a bacterium
E. / Injects DNA into a bacterium
3. / Chargaff showed that DNA contains equal amounts of adenine and:
A. / Thymine
B. / Uracil
C. / Guanine
D. / Cytosine
E. / Threonine
4. / The four nitrogen bases that are found in the different nucleotides of DNA are:
A. / Adenine, thymine, cytosine, uracil
B. / Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
C. / Uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine
D. / Uracil, cytosine, guanine, thymine
E. / Alanine, threonine, cysteine, glycine
5. / DNA's base pairs are joined by:
A. / Hydrogen bonds
B. / Covalent bonds
C. / Ionic bonds
D. / Strong bonds
E. / Peptide bonds
6. / The genome of an organism is all of its:
A. / Proteins
B. / Genetic material (DNA)
C. / Transcribed RNA
D. / Visible characteristics
E. / Cells
7. / In eukaryotic cells DNA is not found in the:
A. / Nucleus
B. / Mitochondria
C. / Chloroplasts
D. / Ribosomes
E. / Chromosomes
8. / A sequence of DNA nucleotides coding for a specific protein or structural or catalytic RNA molecule is a:
A. / Gene
B. / Genome
C. / Chromosome
D. / Chromatid
E. / Nucleosome
9. / The process by which DNA reproduces itself is:
A. / Protein synthesis
B. / Aerobic respiration
C. / Substrate-level phosphorylation
D. / Replication
E. / Photosynthesis
10. / DNA replication is:
A. / Conservative
B. / A one-step process
C. / Not carried out by enzymes
D. / Semi-conservative
E. / Not carried out in Bacterial or Archaeal cells
11. / The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is:
A. / Primase
B. / DNA polymerase
C. / ATP synthase
D. / Ligase
E. / Helicase
12. / A mutation can not:
A. / Eliminate the ability of a protein to function
B. / Alter the functional ability of a protein
C. / Improve the function of a protein
D. / Interfere with the transcription of a gene
E. / Be passed on to future generations, if it occurs in a somatic cell
13. / Requirements for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) do not include:
A. / A target DNA sequence sample to be replicated
B. / A heat tolerant DNA polymerase such as taq
C. / A supply of the four different DNA nucleotides
D. / Two types of short, laboratory-made primers of defined sequence
E. / Knowledge of the complete DNA sequence to be replicated
14. / The polymerase chain reaction can not be used to:
A. / Solve crimes based on biological evidence
B. / Establish genetic (including parental) relationships
C. / Identify the remains of dead organisms (including people)
D. / Identify disease-causing genes or pathogens
E. / Cure global warming
15. / If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of ATGTGCC the complementary strand will read:
A. / ATGTGCC
B. / UACACGG
C. / CGTGTAA
D. / TACACGG
E. / Gee, you look great today
16. / Apoptosis is also called:
A. / Replication
B. / Mitosis
C. / The cell cycle
D. / Programmed cell death
E. / Programmed cellular reproduction
17. / Before a cell divides, it must first duplicate its entire ______:
A. / Genome
B. / Cytoplasmic contents
C. / Cell membrane structure
D. / Array of enzymes
E. / Phenotype
18. / A discreet package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a:
A. / Nucleus
B. / Ribosome
C. / Chromosome
D. / Golgi body
E. / Centromere
19. / A nucleosome consists of:
A. / A defined stretch of DNA
B. / A defined stretch of RNA
C. / A ribosome and mRNA
D. / A defined stretch of RNA and histones
E. / A defined stretch of DNA and histones
20. / One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome defines the term:
A. / Centromere
B. / Chromatin
C. / Chromosome
D. / Chromatid
E. / Nucleosome
21. / A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term:
A. / Centromere
B. / Chromatin
C. / Nucleosome
D. / Histone
E. / Telomere
22. / A cell with two full sets of chromosomes would be termed a ______cell.
A. / Haploid
B. / Diploid
C. / Sister
D. / Somatic
E. / Germ
23. / A cell with one full set of chromosomes would be termed a ______cell.
A. / Haploid
B. / Diploid
C. / Sister
D. / Somatic
E. / Germ
24. / The single pair of unmatched chromosomes in humans:
A. / Are not the sex chromosomes
B. / Are not the "X" and "Y" chromosomes
C. / Contain entirely different genes
D. / Do not determine sex (gender) of humans
E. / Are autosomes
25. / The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is:
A. / Recombination
B. / Replication
C. / Mitosis
D. / Fertilization
E. / Germination
26. / If a sperm cell combines with an egg cell, the result is a(n):
A. / Gamete
B. / Germ cell
C. / Zygote
D. / Duplicated chromosome
E. / Omelette
27. / Examples of a haploid cells do not include:
A. / Sperm cells
B. / Gametes
C. / Egg cells
D. / Zygotes
E. / Plant spores
28. / In humans, specialized cells that produce gametes are:
A. / Somatic cells
B. / Sperm cells
C. / Egg cells
D. / Germ cells
E. / Gametophytes
29. / In humans, cells that do not produce gametes are collectively called:
A. / Somatic cells
B. / Sperm cells
C. / Egg cells
D. / Germ cells
E. / Gametophytes
30. / The actual splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the cell cycle is:
A. / Mitosis
B. / Interphase
C. / Metaphase
D. / Anaphase
E. / Cytokinesis
31. / The division of the nucleus itself during the cell cycle is:
A. / Mitosis
B. / Interphase
C. / Metaphase
D. / Anaphase
E. / Cytokinesis
32. / The replication of a cell’s DNA during the cell cycle occurs during:
A. / Mitosis
B. / Interphase
C. / Metaphase
D. / Anaphase
E. / Cytokinesis
33. / The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is:
A. / Interphase - prophase - telophase - metaphase - anaphase
B. / Interphase - metaphase - anaphase - prophase - telophase
C. / Prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
D. / Anaphase - prophase - metaphase - telophase
E. / Prophase - anaphase - telophase - metaphase
34. / The portion of the cytoskeleton that enables the chromosomes to be separated equally into two sets is the:
A. / Golgi body
B. / Centromere
C. / Pilus
D. / Endoplasmic reticulum
E. / Mitotic spindle
35. / The phase of mitosis when the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is:
A. / Prophase
B. / Interphase
C. / Metaphase
D. / Anaphase
E. / Telophase
36. / The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is:
A. / Prophase
B. / Interphase
C. / Metaphase
D. / Anaphase
E. / Telophase
37. / The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is:
A. / Prophase
B. / Interphase
C. / Metaphase
D. / Anaphase
E. / Telophase
38. / Meiosis is a process that does not produce:
A. / Sperm cells
B. / Egg cells
C. / Gametes
D. / Haploid cells
E. / Zygotes
39. / The process by which a bacterium uses a sex pilus to transfer genetic information to another bacterium is:
A. / Recombination
B. / Conjugation
C. / Apotosis
D. / Mitosis
E. / Replication
40. / Sexual reproduction is important to the survival of a species in a changing environment because:
A. / Sexual reproduction requires less overall energy expenditure than asexual reproduction
B. / Sexual reproduction requires only one individual
C. / Sexual reproduction produces genetically identical individuals
D. / Sexual reproduction produces genetically different individuals
E. / Sexual reproduction is fun
41. / If human gametes were diploid:
A. / The products of fertilization would have the same number of chromosomes as their parents
B. / The products of fertilization would have more chromosomes than their parents
C. / The products of fertilization would have fewer chromosomes than their parents
D. / Fertilization could not occur
E. / Human infants could fly
42. / A diploid germ cell reduces its chromosome number by half to generate four haploid nuclei in:
A. / Fertilization
B. / Mitosis
C. / Meiosis
D. / Replication
E. / Interphase
43. / A zygote is:
A. / A haploid cell
B. / A gamete
C. / The first diploid cell of a new organism
D. / A product of meiosis
E. / A product of mitosis
44. / Human cell's have:
A. / 22 pairs of chromosomes
B. / 23 pairs of chromosomes
C. / 45 chromosomes
D. / 2 pairs of sex chromosomes
E. / One pair of autosomes
45. / The human chromosomes that do not determine whether an individual is male or female are:
A. / Not found in homologous pairs
B. / The autosomes
C. / The "X" and "Y" chromosomes
D. / Called the sex chromosomes
E. / Somatic
46. / The ‘normal’ chromosomal designation for a human male is:
A. / "XX"
B. / "XO"
C. / "XY"
D. / "YY"
E. / "XXX"
47. / The ‘normal’ chromosomal designation for a human female is:
A. / "XX"
B. / "XYY"
C. / "XY"
D. / "YY"
E. / "XO"
48. / Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same traits are:
A. / The "X" and "Y" chromosome
B. / All the autosomes
C. / Found in females only
D. / Found in males only
E. / Homologous chromosomes
49. / In meiosis, DNA replicates only during:
A. / Prophase one
B. / Prophase two
C. / Interphase one
D. / Interphase two
E. / Metaphase two
50. / In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during:
A. / Prophase one
B. / Prophase two
C. / Metaphase one
D. / Anaphase one
E. / Anaphase two
51. / In meiosis, paired homologous chromosomes align down the center of the cell during:
A. / Prophase one
B. / Prophase two
C. / Metaphase one
D. / Metaphase two
E. / Anaphase two
52. / In meiosis, chromosomes containing sister chromatids (not homologous chromosomes) align along the equatorial center of the cell during:
A. / Prophase one
B. / Prophase two
C. / Interphase two
D. / Metaphase one
E. / Metaphase two
53. / In meiosis, the separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during:
A. / Metaphase one
B. / Metaphase two
C. / Anaphase one
D. / Anaphase two
E. / Telophase one
54. / In meiosis two, cytokinesis results in the production of:
A. / Four haploid daughter cells
B. / Two haploid daughter cells
C. / Four diploid daughter cells
D. / Two diploid daughter cells
E. / One daughter cell identical to the parent cell that underwent meiosis
55. / Sexual reproduction and meiosis do not generate significant genetic variety through:
A. / Random fertilization
B. / Independent assortment
C. / Crossing over (a.k.a. homologous recombination)
D. / Law of segregation
E. / DNA replication
56. / Alternate forms of the same gene:
A. / Do not exist
B. / Are homologous
C. / Are alleles
D. / Are sister chromatids
E. / Do not occur in the same individual
57. / A healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, a Mendelian-style, simple recessive trait, the chance that each of their future children will inherit this serious illness is:
A. / No chance, because cystic fibrosis is not an inherited illness
B. / 10%
C. / 25%
D. / 50%
E. / 100%
58. / An allele that exerts its effects whenever it is present is:
A. / Dominant
B. / Recessive
C. / Homologous
D. / Homozygous
E. / Heterozygous
59. / When Mendel crossed short pea plants with short pea plants the offspring:
A. / Were always short
B. / Were always tall
C. / Were always a mix of short and tall
D. / Were sometimes tall, but sometimes a mix of tall and short
E. / Did not grow and reproduce
60. / When Mendel crossed tall plants with tall plants the offspring:
A. / Were always short
B. / Were always tall
C. / Were always a mix of short and tall
D. / Were sometimes tall, but sometimes a mix of tall and short
E. / Did not grow and reproduce
61. / If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is:
A. / Homologous
B. / Heterozygous
C. / Homozygous
D. / Dominant
E. / Recessive
62. / If the two alleles for a particular gene are different, the gene pair is:
A. / Homologous
B. / Heterozygous
C. / Homozygous
D. / Dominant
E. / Recessive
63. / If an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait:
A. / Each parent contributed a different allele for that trait
B. / Each parent contributed the same allele for that trait
C. / Only one parent contributed an allele of that gene, the other contributed no alleles of that gene
D. / Two different genes contribute to the trait
E. / That particular trait insures that the individual is heterosexual
64. / Phenotype means: