Nationalism - (Chapter 24 Section 1 and 2)

Nationalism -

  1. Congress of Vienna
  2. After the fall of Napoleon European Monarchs attempted to preserve absolute monarchies
  3. Led by Prince Klemens Von ______of Austria (Hapsburg)
  4. He distrusted ______and political change
  5. Wanted to continue the power of the ______in ______
  6. Goal of Congress was to never let ______rise again
  7. Removed ______of the French Revolution and Napoleon
  8. Forced France to pay ______= payments for damages from war
  9. 15 years after Congress, ______order destroyed beyond repair
  10. 1800s, ______a growing force in Europe, fostered by decisions made at Congress of Vienna
  11. National groups ______placing them under control of large empires; some empires included different ______groups
  12. Italians split into ______groups—much of northern Italy under ______rule, other states under Hapsburgs, still others under a French ruler
  13. Italian nationalism grew in opposition to these conditions
  14. Elements of Nationalism (Use chart on page 714 to fill in definitions for Elements of Nationalism)
  15. Culture -
  16. History -
  17. Religion -
  18. Language -
  19. Territory –

2.  Italian Unification

  1. The “Brain, Heart and Sword” of Italian unification
  2. Mazzini and Young Italy
  3. 1831, popular writer, ______launched nationalist group called ______to fight for ______of Italian states
  4. Mazzini had been exiled but smuggled patriotic ______into Italy
  5. Young Italy ______tens of thousands of Italians to cause of unification
  6. Mazzini considered ______of Unification
  7. Camillio di Cavor
  8. One of most important leaders of Italian unification
  9. 1852, ______became prime minister of independent Kingdom of Sardinia
  10. Believed thriving ______important for Italy to be reborn
  11. Believed Italy should be reborn as ______
  12. Cultivated powerful ______
  13. ______agreed to support Sardinia in war against Austria
  14. 1860, northern Italian states liberated from control of Austrian Empire
  15. Founded nationalist ______Il Risorgimento—“resurgence” or “rebirth”
  16. Considered “______” for Italian Unification
  17. Giuseppe ______
  18. ______of Italy
  19. Garibaldi joined Young Italy movement, 1833
  20. Nationalist activities forced Garibaldi to flee Italy twice
  21. Learned techniques of ______warfare while living in South America
  22. Returned to Italy often to continue fight to free Italy from ______domination
  23. The Red Shirts
  24. Followers known as ______because of colorful uniforms
  25. By July 1860, using guerilla warfare, Garibaldi, Red Shirts gained control of island of Sicily
  26. September, Garibaldi, Sardinian troops conquered Naples
  27. Garibaldi offered Kingdom of Two Sicilies to ______king Victor Emmanuel
  28. Unification
  29. 1861, territories held elections, all agreed to ______
  30. Challenges
  31. ______and ______Problems
  32. Catholic Church did not recognize Italy as legitimate ______
  33. Poverty, Emigration
  34. 1880s, large numbers left Italy, many for ______
  35. Reforms
  36. As Italy industrialized, particularly in north, government passed reforms including laws limiting work ______prohibiting ______labor
  37. Government encouraged building transportation, water systems to improve cities, encourage industry
  38. Foreign Policy
  39. 1882, Italy formed military ______with Austria-Hungary, Germany
  40. Agreed to ______each other against any possible attack
  41. Arrangement known as ______Alliance; this, other alliances, brought Europe to ______in 1914
  42. Empire
  43. Italy tried to build empire
  44. Tried to gain control over ______
  45. Failed after being defeated by larger Ethiopian army, 1896
  46. 1911, Italy declared war on ______Empire; gained territory in Africa
  47. German Unification
  48. Germany was not a ______nation in 1848, although the patchwork of ______states did have a ______language and ______
  49. ______revolution swept through ______
  50. German ______also took opportunity to revolt
  51. Differed over whether to support ______monarchy or ______
  52. Agreed that German unity would promote ______rights, ______reforms
  53. Unkept Promises
  54. Facing calls for increased democracy, Prussian king ______promised constitution, other reforms
  55. End of 1848, went back on ______constitution never written
  56. Banned publications, organizations that supported ______
  57. Economic and Cultural Unity
  58. 1834, ______customs union, created; removed tariffs on products traded between German states
  59. Inspired businesspeople to support unification; encouraged growth of railroads connecting German states; joined Germans economically
  60. German ______growing; sense of German ______growing as well
  61. Otto Von ______
  62. conservative (supported ______politician, leading ______behind ______unification
  63. Became prominent in ______politics
  64. 1847, gave strongly conservative speech at ______Assembly
  65. 1862, new Prussian king, ______chose Bismarck as ______minister
  66. Philosophy
  67. Believed Prussia ______to lead German people to unification
  68. Practiced ______policies based on interests of Prussia
  69. “Blood and Iron”
  70. Politics of reality evident in push to increase Prussian ______power
  71. Speech to Parliament: German unity not won by ______majority vote but by “______”
  72. Built Prussian army into great ______machine
  73. Bismarck’s Wars for Unification
  74. ______War with Denmark = Victory for Prussia united Northern German States
  75. ______-Prussian War = Austria versus Prussia = Victory for Prussia who controlled all but three German Territories
  76. ______-Prussian War = France versus Prussia = Final victory for Prussia who united all of the German States.
  77. Peace treaty signed at ______
  78. Peace treaty had far-reaching consequences
  79. Victory established ______German empire
  80. Proclaimed Wilhelm I first ______—emperor—of German Empire
  81. Wilhelm appointed ______first chancellor
  82. German victory changed ______of power in Europe
  83. Napoleon III gone; ______no longer as powerful
  84. Forced France to pay ______—money for war damages
  85. As Germany grew ______new empire rose in power
  86. Alliances
  87. Bismarck made alliances with ______
  88. Nations agreed to help ______one another from possible attack
  89. Wilhelm II ______Bismarck as prime minister after ______
  90. Empires Growth and Change
  91. Government and the Church
  92. Bismarck believed Roman Catholic Church posed ______to government
  93. Believed ______not church, should control aspects of ______like ______
  94. Worked to ______influence of Catholic Church in Germany
  95. This struggle between the government and the church was known as ______which means “the struggle for culture.”
  96. Economic Change
  97. ______connected country
  98. Explosion of ______
  99. ______Reforms

True/False Read each FALSE statement below. On the line provided, replace the underlined words with a term from the word bank to make the sentence TRUE.

Giuseppe Garibaldi / Victor Emmanuel / Monarchy Giuseppe Mazzini
a lack of

1. An Italian named Victor Emmanuel formed a nationalist group called Young Italy to fight for the unification of the separate Italian states.

2. Camillo di Cavour wanted united Italy to be a republic.

3. Camillo di Cavour and his followers, known as the Red Shirts, used guerrilla warfare tactics in the military campaign to unify Italy.

4. Once southern and northern Italy were united, Giuseppe Garibaldi became the king of Italy.

5. After unification, social and economic problems, as well as regional differences, led to strong unity among many Italians.

1. Otto von Bismarck’s political philosophy, later known as realpolitik, meant

a. he developed policies based on the interests of Prussia.

b. he weighed what was best for Europe.

c. he was unwilling to use military force.

d. he insisted that the borders of weaker nations should be protected.

2. After the Franco-Prussian War

a. Prussia surrendered to France.

b. a unified German empire was established.

c. Germany divided into two nations.

d. Napoleon III ruled the German Confederation.

3. . Bismarck’s efforts to limit the influence of the Catholic Church in Germany was called

a. realpolitik.

b. Kulturkampf.

c. reich.

d. Zollverein.

4. . Bismarck sought to reduce the appeal of socialism by

a. vetoing all legislation that aided workers.

b. refusing to invest in industry.

c. assassinating the emperor.

d. enacting his own reforms.